Социальное взаимодействие в отрасли = Social Interaction in the Industry

УДК 37.06+159.9
ББК 74я73+88я73
С69
Авторы: 
А.Д. Ишков, Н.Г. Милорадова, Н.В. Абрамова, З.И. Иванова, М.Г. Леонтьев, Е.В. Романова 
Рецензенты: 
доктор юридических наук, профессор Х.Т. Носиров, 
заведующий кафедрой гражданского права Российско-Таджикского (Cлавянского) университета;
доктор философских наук, профессор С.Д. Мезенцев, 
профессор кафедры истории и философии НИУ МГСУ
	
С69	 	
Социальное взаимодействие в отрасли / Social Interaction in the Industry [Электронный ресурс]  : [учебное пособие для обучающихся по направлению подготовки 08.03.01 
Строительство] / [А.Д. Ишков, Н.Г. Милорадова, Н.В. Абрамова и др.] ; Министерство науки и  высшего образования Российской Федерации, Национальный исследовательский 
Московский государственный строительный университет, кафедра социальных, психологических и правовых коммуникаций. — Электрон. дан. и прогр. (1,5 Мб). — Москва : Издательство МИСИ – МГСУ, 2023. — URL: http://lib.mgsu.ru. — Загл. с титул. экрана.
ISBN 978-5-7264-3274-8 (сетевое)
ISBN 978-5-7264-3275-5 (локальное)
В учебном пособии содержится материал, направленный на освоение психологического 
и социологического инструментария с целью приобретения социальной компетентности. 
Для обучающихся по направлению подготовки 08.03.01 Строительство.
Учебное электронное издание
© ФГБОУ ВО «НИУ МГСУ», 2023

Редактор Н.А. Котова
Корректор В.К. Чупрова
Верстка и дизайн титульного экрана Д.Л. Разумного 
Для создания электронного издания использовано:
Microsoft Word 2010, Adobe InDesign CS6, ПО Adobe Acrobat
Подписано к использованию 18.07.2023. Объем данных 1,5 Мб.
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего образования 
«Национальный исследовательский 
Московский государственный строительный университет».
129337, Москва, Ярославское ш., 26.
Издательство МИСИ – МГСУ. 
Тел.: (495) 287-49-14, вн. 14-23, (499) 183-91-90, (499) 183-97-95.
E-mail: ric@mgsu.ru, rio@mgsu.ru

Contents
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................................   5
1. SOCIAL SPACE OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY........................................................................................   6
1.1. Specifics of the social space of the construction industry................................................................................   6
1.2. The problems of the modern construction industry.........................................................................................   8
1.3. Features of the modern construction labor market........................................................................................... 10
2. PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS............................................................................. 13
2.1. Active and passive goal setting......................................................................................................................... 13
2.2. Conditions for the self-development................................................................................................................. 17
2.3. Professional self-education................................................................................................................................ 18
3. REGULARITY OF SOCIAL PERCEPTION............................................................................................................... 20
3.1. Perception’s regularities..................................................................................................................................... 20
3.2. First impression................................................................................................................................................. 21
3.3. Ways of interpreting perceptual information................................................................................................... 22
3.4. Favorable conditions for making contact.......................................................................................................... 24
3.5. Non-verbal means of language.......................................................................................................................... 25
4. INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTS AND WAYS TO RESOLVE THEM................................................................... 28
4.1. Interpersonal conflict and its causes................................................................................................................. 28
4.2. Methods to resolve interpersonal conflict........................................................................................................ 31
5. FORMS OF ORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL SPACE.................................................................................................. 34
5.1. Society as social space....................................................................................................................................... 34
5.2. Social institution................................................................................................................................................ 36
5.3. Social stratification............................................................................................................................................ 38
6. SOCIAL GROUPS......................................................................................................................................................... 40
6.1. The characteristics of a social group................................................................................................................. 41
6.2. Types of social groups....................................................................................................................................... 42
6.3. Adaptation and integration to social group....................................................................................................... 44
6.4. Social adaptation and integration individuals in society and groups.............................................................. 45
7. CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION.................................................................. 47
7.1. Key directions for expanding cultural diversity............................................................................................... 47
7.2. Intercultural interaction in a multicultural environment.................................................................................. 49
7.3. Intercultural barriers in communications......................................................................................................... 51
7.4. Ways to overcome intercultural barriers........................................................................................................... 52
8. INTEGRATION INTO THE PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT, PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 
AND CAREER.............................................................................................................................................................. 54
8.1. Young specialist and professional community................................................................................................. 54
8.2. Integration programs for new employees in organizations.............................................................................. 56
8.3. Stages of building a career................................................................................................................................ 57
8.4. Stages of career development............................................................................................................................ 57
8.5. Options and vectors of career development...................................................................................................... 58
.
...................................................................................................................................................................... 61

INTRODUCTION
The goal of this course is to teach the psychological and sociological tools for acquiring social 
competence. To be socially competent means to be a person whose individual abilities and skills meet 
the requirements of interpersonal, socio-role and socio-legal situations.
The social space of the modern world is very complex and tends to become ever more complex. 
The complexity of human social interaction clearly manifests itself in two features.
First, the social space of human interaction is situated on different levels. 
The intrapersonal level: “I am I” interaction.
The interpersonal level of interaction: “I — the other”. 
The social-role level of interaction “I in a role — the other in a role”.
The normative-legal level of interaction: “I — society (state)”.
Each level exists by its own rules and norms. A socially competent person is able to meet the requirements of any situation. A person needs to be able to find adequate ways of establishing connections and relations with other people and social institutions, to present themselves in a group, to adapt 
and integrate in the social and professional environment, to resolve conflicts (intrapersonal, interpersonal, role-based, legal) using modern technologies to solve problems of social interaction. 
Secondly, social space is expanding rapidly. For many hundreds of years, different communities 
have developed in isolation. Each society has developed its own rules and norms of behavior and created its own unique culture time. 
Did you know that there are about six thousand languages in the world? Forty of them are widely 
spoken all over the world. These languages are spoken by about two thirds of the world’s population. 
The thing about any language is that it is unique. For hundreds of years, people have striven to invent a language that is understandable only to them. No one has yet been able to translate from one 
language to another without suffering a serious language loss. A language is a way of thinking, a way 
of perceiving the world. Languages, like people, are not alike.
Today, man lives in a multicultural space. People have started to unite. Of course, they have united before. But now it is becoming globally necessary. For some people it is a condition of survival, for 
others it is a condition of development.
A serious problem in the modern world is the loss of identity of those who, for one reason or another, find themselves in a world that is foreign to them. One finds oneself in a situation of “an alien 
among strangers, a stranger among one’s own”. The loss of identity gradually destroys a person, leading to various neuroses.
Now you understand that social interaction requires special preparation. By the way, adults start 
preparing a child from early childhood. The child knows how to behave in kindergarten, how to interact with a teacher, with friends...
Adequate and successful social interaction occurs when an action has not yet been taken but the 
person has already realised his or her intentions. The person has mentally interpreted the possibilities 
and consequences of this interaction. The mental attitude causes the person to have appropriate states, 
aspirations and possible responses. Think back to when you were preparing for a serious conversation 
that could lead to the break-up of a relationship, or the loss of a job. You need to prepare in advance 
so that the negative consequences are minimal.
Modern man needs to know a lot about their own nature and the nature of the human community, 
to be able to interact with representatives of different cultures, to understand and accept people in all 
their diversity. Therefore, representatives of various fields of humanities and social knowledge: sociologists, psychologists, educators, lawyers and economists are concerned with the problems of social 
competence.
The global community has developed and proposed the inclusion of a number of universal competences in the learning process of the younger generation. Mastering these competences will help the 
young person to integrate into the complexly organised modern world.

The course “Social Interaction in Industry” focuses on the formation of four competences (tabl. 1). 
The seven indicators as indicators of mastering the respective competence are the basis for the development of lectures and practical exercises.
Table 1
Universal competences in the course “Social interaction in the industry“
Competences
Indicators
UC-3. Is able to interact socially an interact 
and fulfil their role in the team
UC-3.1. Perception of team goals and functions, identifying 
the roles of team members and his (her) own role in it
UС-3.2. Establishing contact in the process of interpersonal 
interaction, self-presentation
UC-4. Is able to  communicate orally and 
in  writing in  the official language of  the 
Russian Federation and foreign language(s) 
UC-3.4. Using various digital tools to achieve goals in interaction with other people
UC-5. Able to perceive the intercultural diversity of society in socio-historical, ethical 
and philosophical contexts
UC-5.4. Self-identification in the context of cultural diversity
UC-6. Able to  manage his/her time, build 
and implement a self-development trajectory based on the principles lifelong learning
UC-6.1. Formulating personal and professional development 
goals, the conditions for their achievement, taking into account personal and time resources (including using digital 
tools) 
UC-6.2. Self-assessment of the level of development in various spheres of life, identification of ways of self-development
UC-6.3. Choosing priorities for professional growth, choosing directions and ways to improve your own activities based 
on labor market requirements for personal and professional 
skills
1. SOCIAL SPACE OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
As a result of studying this material, you will learn: 
–– what are the specifics of the social and socio-professional space of the construction sector and interactions in the internal and external environment;
–– what is the state of the modern construction industry, and what changes are taking place in it; 
–– what are the characteristics of the construction labor market;
–– what are the requirements for specialists in the modern construction industry.
Key words: social space, socio-professional space, actors of construction, modernization, training, 
construction labor market, migrant labor.
1.1. Specifics of the social space of the construction industry
Construction is one of the oldest activities and is one of the most important, meaningful areas 
of life. People have been building dwellings, temples and public buildings since ancient times, using 
different technologies and building materials. Today’s construction industry is a complex production 
and technological system. This includes the erection of buildings and structures, major and current 
repairs, renovation, restoration and renovation. The construction process includes the organizational, inspection, design, construction and installation and commissioning work involved in the creation, 
alteration or demolition of a facility. It also includes interaction with other organizations and individuals in relation to such work. A multitude of participate involved in the work process in construction:
–– investors/developers investing in construction;
–– builders — persons providing construction; 
–– customers, persons authorized by the investor who carry out the implementation of investment 
projects (the investors themselves may be customers) ;

–– contractors — persons who carry out work under a contract of employment;
–– self-regulatory organizations (SROs) of surveyors, designers and builders;
–– professional, scientific and creative organizations (e.g. RAACS, Union of architects, international organizations);
–– the state (government and local authorities) that determine urban planning, housing policy, regulate and supervise construction.
Many individuals are also involved in the construction process: engineers, architects, planners, 
workers, etc., who is directly involved in the construction process.
Various intermediaries (logistics companies, transport companies, real estate agencies, advertising firms, service firms) are also involved at certain stages of the construction process.
In addition, construction as a sphere of production and business is closely connected with consumers and cannot exist in isolation from the interests and needs of society and specific people. Regions 
and territories, cities and industries develop through construction, millions of jobs are created, family, kinship and community relations are strengthened. Public welfare increases through construction, 
and the standard of living and quality of social groups and strata life increases.
Thus, the construction industry represents a multi-layered social space of interacting individuals. 
The structure of the construction complex includes building industry enterprises, construction organizations, enterprises of the building materials industry, installation, contracting organizations, design 
and research institutes and design bureaus. 
The specificity of the social space of the construction industry is linked to an unusually broad 
set of interacting individuals who perform a variety of professional and social functions: architectural design, planning, organization and control, new construction and the renovation and restoration 
of buildings and structures, and the comprehensive renovation of existing buildings. All functions 
connect with a wide range of tasks related to satisfaction of society needs, social groups, organizations and individuals. 
There are different patterns of interaction between participants in investment and construction action in the socio-professional space: 
1. The traditional cooperation scheme assumes that construction and design work is carried out by 
different parties (fig. 1). This scheme is widely used in construction:
Investor
Customer
Project managers
General planner
General contractor
Subdesigners
Subcontractors
Fig. 1. The traditional cooperation schemes
2. The design-build scheme involves the transfer of design and construction functions to one actor 
in the investment and construction process.
3. The concession scheme for participants in the investment and construction process provides 
for public-private partnerships in the form of concessions that ensure the involvement of business