Tolstoy’s Family Prototypes in "War and Peace"
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Тематика:
Теория литературы
Издательство:
Academic Studies Press
Автор:
Cooke Brett
Год издания: 2020
Кол-во страниц: 319
Дополнительно
Вид издания:
Монография
Уровень образования:
Дополнительное профессиональное образование
ISBN: 978-1-64469-409-1
Артикул: 871851.01.99
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What were the consequences of Tolstoy’s unusual reliance on members of his family as source material for War and Peace? Did affection for close relatives influence depictions of these real prototypes in his fictional characters? Tolstoy used these models to consider his origins, to ponder alternative family histories, and to critique himself. Comparison of the novel and its fascinating drafts with the writer’s family history reveals increasing preferential treatment of those with greater relatedness to him: kin altruism, i.e., nepotism. This pattern helps explain many of Tolstoy’s choices amongst plot variants he considered, as well as some of the curious devices he utilizes to get readers to share his biases, such as coincidences, notions of "fate,” and aversion to incest.
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Tolstoy’s Family Prototypes in War and Peace
Evolution, Cognition, and the Arts Series Editor Brian Boyd (University of Auckland) Editorial Board Steven Brown (McMaster University) Jill Cook (The British Museum) Richard Gerrig (Stony Brook University) Sarah Hrdy (University of California, Davis) Marcus Nordlund (University of Gothenburg) Alex C. Parrish (James Madison University) David Sloan Wilson (Binghamton University)
Tolstoy’s Family Prototypes in War and Peace Brett Cooke Boston 2020
Library of Congress Control Number: 2020943806 ISBN 9781644694084 (hardback) ISBN 9781644694091 (Adobe PDF) ISBN 9781644694107 (ePub) Copyright © 2020 Academic Studies Press All rights reserved. Book design by PHi Business Solutions. Cover design by Ivan Grave. Published by Academic Studies Press 1577 Beacon Street Brookline, MA 02446, USA press @academicstudiespress. com www . academicstudiespress. com 1. Leo Tolstoy 7. Varvara Engelhardt 2. Ilya Tolstoy 6. Nikolai Volkonsky 3. Pelageya Tolstaya 4. Feodor Tolstoy 5. Nikolai Tolstoy On the cover:
To our daughter Sonya
Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction: Aesthetic Kin Altruism 1 Chapter 1. Background and Overview 10 Chapter 2. Family Structures 30 Chapter 3. Kin Altruism 34 Chapter 4. Names and Family Traditions 53 Chapter 5. Writing the Novel with the Family 62 Chapter 6. The Problem with Prototypes 74 Chapter 7. Genetic Allies 84 Chapter 8. Unrelated Family Associates 115 Chapter 9. Distant Relatives 146 Chapter 10. Tolstoy’s Grandparents 156 Chapter 11. Tolstoy’s Parents 177 Chapter 12. The Parents’ Marriage 205 Chapter 13. What about Sonya? 220 Chapter 14. A Genetic Clash—and Inclusive Errors 237 Chapter 15. Incest Avoidance 246 A. Actual Brother-Sister/Parent-Child (50% Relatedness) 250 B. Avuncular (25% Relatedness) 251 C. Cousins (12.5% Relatedness) 251 D. First Cousin Once Removed (6.25% Relatedness) 255 E. Second Cousin (3.125% Relatedness) 256 F. Affinity (0% Relatedness) 256 G. The Westermarck Effect (0% Relatedness) 258
Tolstoy’s Family Prototypes in War and Peace viii Chapter 16. Self-Altruism 263 Chapter 17. Kin Altruism Reconsidered 277 Bibliography 281 Index 291 Fictional Characters in War and Peace and its Drafts 299
Illustrations Figure 1. Tolstoy caricatured writing War and Peace, 1868 20 Figure 2. Actual genealogy 58 Figure 3. Fictional genealogy 59 Figure 4. Composite genealogy 60 Figure 5. Bashilov’s drawing of Natasha 85 Figure 6. Bashilov’s drawing of Vasily 135 Figure 7. K. I. Richau, “The Mathematics Lesson” 184 Figure 8. Bashilov’s drawing of Sonya 235 Figure 9. Plot flowchart for War and Peace 269
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