Иностранный (английский) язык. Часть I

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное 
учреждение высшего образования
 «РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ 
НАРОДНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА И ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СЛУЖБЫ 
ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ»
ТВЕРСКОЙ ФИЛИАЛ
О.Н. Селезнева
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ) 
ЯЗЫК
Часть I
УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ  ПОСОБИЕ
Для обучающихся по направлениям подготовки:
38.03.01 Экономика
38.03.02 Менеджмент
38.03.04 Государственное и муниципальное управление
Тверь, 2022

УДК 
811.111
ББК 
81.2Англ
 
C29
Автор:
Селезнева О.Н, кандидат филологических наук, 
доцент кафедры государственной политики и управления 
Тверского филиала РАНХиГС
Рецензенты:
Загуменкина В.С., кандидат филологических наук, доцент, 
доцент кафедры государственной политики и управления 
Тверского филиала РАНХиГС
Карташова П.Е., кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры 
теории и истории обучения иностранным языкам и немецкой 
филологии ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный университет»
Селезнева О.Н. Иностранный (английский) язык. Часть I. Учебнометодическое пособие. Для очной, очно-заочной и заочной форм 
обучения, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки. 38.03.01 Экономика, 38.03.02 Менеджмент, 38.02.04 Государственное и муниципальное управление / О.Н. Селезнева. – Тверь: ООО «Издательство 
«Триада», 2022. – 98 с.
ISBN 978-5-6048463-2-2
Учебно-методическое пособие состоит из 5 глав, включающих в себя 
лексические темы, а также теоретико-практический грамматический материал. Кроме того, пособие содержит приложение с объяснением грамматического материала и глоссарием по всем темам. Целью настоящего пособия 
является формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции у 
обучающегося, которая позволяет использовать иностранный язык (английский) как средство межличностного общения.
Рекомендовано к изданию кафедрой экономики и менеджмента
Протокол от 27.06.2022 г. № 10
ББК 81.2Англ
С29
© О.Н. Селезнева, 2022
© Тверской филиал РАНХиГС, 2022
© Макет ООО «Издательство «Триада», 2022
ISBN 978-5-6048463-2-2

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
TOPIC 1. MAN AND SOCIETY  ........................................................................ 4
GRAMMAR. SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) FORMS  ......................... 10
TOPIC 2. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE  ........................... 19
GRAMMAR. CONTINUOUS FORMS  ......................................... 28
TOPIC 3. SHOPPING AND FASHION  .......................................................... 34
GRAMMAR. PERFECT FORMS  ................................................... 41
TOPIC 4. TRAVELLING  ..................................................................................... 53
GRAMMAR. PERFECT CONTINUOUS FORMS  ..................... 61
TOPIC 5. SPORTS  ................................................................................................ 65
GRAMMAR. ACTIVE VOICE. TENSES  ..................................... 75
APPENDIX .............................................................................................................. 83
SOURCES  ................................................................................................................ 97

TOPIC 1. MAN AND SOCIETY.
GRAMMAR: SIMPLE FORMS
Task 1. Read and translate the text “City vs Country life”.
Man has always lived in groups because it makes life safer and easier. Two 
thousand years ago most people lived in the countryside, and it was not their 
choice because towns and cities were few in number. Toda y, almost half of humanity lives in cities and large cities. Geography – rich soil, a safe harbor or a 
navigable river, ample fresh water, easy defense was the start of many towns. 
Cities grew over the centuries because they served aims that could not have been 
served otherwise. In Europe towns grew over the strongholds of a local lord. 
Most of them developed as buying and selling centers; trade needed a market, 
and markets needed people.
During the Middle Ages when harvest failed, the nearby town off ered hope of 
survival. For a peasant the town was the only place where he might make a fortune. 
In the new industrial order, the city became the nerve centre, bringing to a focus 
all dynamic economic forces: vast accumulation of capital, business and fi nancial 
institutions, railroads and factories, and armies of manual and clerical workers.
Some people argue that city life is better than country life. However, the 
authenticity of this statement is doubtful. Th e results of the choice between the 
city and the country depend very much on the individual, it’s a question of preference. Not everyone is suited to the city life and not everyone has the desire to 
live permanently in the countryside. Some are enchanted by the constant buzz 
of the city streets, presented with endless activities and opportunities. Others, 
looking for a more simple existence prefer the space and natural rhythms that the 
countryside off ers. In fact, city life and country life are two entirely diff erent ways 
of life – each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Cities are exciting, 
dynamic places to visit and to live. Undoubtedly, city life has many advantages. 
First, in the city one gets opportunity for work that does not exist to such a degree 
in the countryside. Where there is a greater density of people, there is a greater 
need for various kinds of services and a greater need for people to perform 
those services. Th e variety of jobs and careers available is wide. A city also off ers 
numerous educational opportunities as most universities and other educational 
institutions are concentrated in the cities. Also, there is always a general interest 
course or class available for one to take, with some curriculums being fairly 
specifi c. Th ird, life in the city is much easier than in the country – services are 
always better here, sewerage system, information, sports, shopping malls. Fourth, 
the variety of accommodation available is even wider: urban loft s, fl ats, houses, 
skyscrapers, hotels and hostels, hovels. Fourth, public transportation, or at least 
living close to amenities, saves the need – environmentally and fi nancially – for 
a car. Fift h, entertainment facilities are concentrated in the cities, too. One would 
not think twice about going out to see a movie or show. City life gives inhabitants 

the ability to be exposed to more culture. Museums, theatres, and monuments 
are oft en easily accessible in cities. Additionally, most cities have a broad range 
of multicultural restaurants accessible by public transportation or walking. Th en, 
proximity to fi re departments, police, and hospitals can make city living safer.
Moreover, cities have many positive social and economic eff ects. To begin 
with, the close physical proximity facilitates knowledge spillovers, helping people 
and fi rms exchange information and generate new ideas. Th e proximity of fi rms 
in the same, common industry to each other aff ects how well knowledge travels 
among fi rms to facilitate innovation and growth. Th e exchange of ideas largely is 
from employee to employee in that employees from diff erent fi rms in an industry 
exchange ideas about new products and new ways to produce goods. Th en, a 
thicker labour market allows for better skill matching between fi rms and individuals. Another positive external eff ect of cities comes from the diverse social 
opportunities created when people of diff erent backgrounds are brought together.
Larger cities typically off er a wider variety of social interests and activities, 
letting people of all backgrounds fi nd something they can be involved in. Impressive and monumental examples of human civilization on the landscape, cities also 
facilitate a number of problems faced at times by urban inhabitants.
Waste and sewage are two major problems for cities, as is air pollution coming 
from various forms of combustion, including fi replaces, wood or coal-burning 
stoves, other heating systems, and internal combustion engines. Dirt and smoke 
are pouring from the buildings of cites and factories. Polluted urban air causes 
respiratory distress, particularly in children, and elderly people. Th e increased 
numbers of motor vehicles not only jam the city streets but pollute the city air as 
well. In bright, calm weather, sunlight turns the chemicals into poisonous smog. 
All big cities have problems with air pollution. Th e exceeding output of industries 
and urban communities is harmful to the city aquatic systems. Noise pollution 
and garbage – like food, paper, and cans – on the ground or in the street are 
problems of big cities, too. Other negative eff ects include health consequences 
such as communicable diseases, as well as crime and high traffi  c and commuting 
times. Cities cause more interaction with more people than rural areas, thus a 
higher probability to contracting contagious diseases. Th e urban environment 
can also lead to physical and mental health issues unique to city dwellers. In most 
cities, people live under constant stress and lose touch with land and rhythms of 
nature; life is not quiet and oft en causes heart disease. Additionally, health care 
has long been an issue in urban environments. Wealthy residents normally have 
no problems of access to health care but lower income population oft en struggle 
to gain adequate health care. However, many inventions such as inoculations, 
vaccines, and water fi ltration systems have also lowered health concerns.
Crime is also a concern in the cities. Studies have shown that crime rates in 
cities are higher and the chance of punishment aft er getting caught is lower. In 
cases such as burglary, the higher concentration of people in cities creates more 
items of higher value worth the risk of crime. Th en, high concentration of people 
and traffi  c congestion also make using automobiles inconvenient and pedestrian 

traffi  c and public transport, especially underground become prominent in metropolitan areas. ‘Th e rush-hour’ with crowded streets, packed trains, full buses 
happens twice a day and is one of the most unpleasant things in city life. Another 
problem of cities is urban decay when parts of the city become run down and 
undesirable to live in. Moreover, cost of living is very high in the cities.
On the contrary, country life provides a number of advantages which cities 
lack. First, country life is undoubtedly much healthier. Living in the country, a 
person can enjoy some simple things of primary importance for our physical and 
mental health, such as sunlight and fresh air. One has nature in abundance, rather 
than in selected plots surrounded by a parking lot. Pollution is scarce. Fresh air, 
rolling green hills, a few pieces of litter here and there but pretty much everything 
is clean, and there is no smog. Second, rural living is oft en more relaxed, quiet 
and peaceful, it causes less stress than city life, and people are more friendly. 
Th e slower pace of rural areas provides a sense of community and the openness 
makes people seem accessible to each other. Th en, living in the countryside is 
much cheaper than in a city as one may get greater value for money. For the price 
of a two bedroom apartment in the city, one could potentially get a large four 
bedroom detached house in the country with land. Moreover, life in the country 
is much safer than in a city as there is less crime. In the countryside one can be 
more open, relaxed, and trusting and does not necessarily have to worry about 
installing a home alarm system. Maybe people are more honest, or perhaps there 
simply are not as many valuables to steal. Either way, home security and theft  are 
less of an issue in a small town and villages. Th en, there is, of course, less traffi  c 
there. Due to all these reasons, the countryside provides an idyllic setting to bring 
up children. Th e country life also off ers a more intimate setting for children’s 
education because usually class sizes are signifi cantly smaller.
On the other hand, there are many drawbacks in country life. Of course, it 
means peace and quiet, but· for many people it means seclusion and loneliness. 
Moreover, while country life can at fi rst seem quite secluded, there is no escaping 
that in most villages everyone knows everyone else’s business. One can oft en be 
far more anonymous living in a city centre apartment than in a rural setting. 
Th en, fresh country air and healthier food provides healthier lifestyle, but life in 
the country is not without its dangers, while health facilities are scarce and oft en 
need travel. Moreover, it has its dangers for children. Farm machinery, electric 
fencing, lakes and rivers are all hazardous to young children. Another important 
disadvantage of country life is that the problem of employment in the countryside is rather acute. As a rule, there are few labour places for skilled agricultural 
workers and even less for professionals. Although villages do need teachers and 
physicians, they cannot provide them with the necessary facilities. Furthermore, 
country life lacks the convenience of the city life. Th ere is no central heating, and 
one has to install one’s own heating system. Community services are normally 
scarce, too. Doing simple grocery shopping could involve a trek to the nearest 
village and there may not be a 24 hour garage or shop for miles and miles. One 
may also face a long commute if he/she needs to travel for work. Next, while one 

may get greater value for money, it is not much fun having a big, beautiful house 
if one has no friends or neighbors to share it with. One more disadvantage is that 
one oft en has to travel longer distances in the country to do the shopping or get to 
work. Th en, entertainment in rural areas may be more limited or require travel.
Th ere seems to be such a vast diff erence between city life and country life. 
People in the city throng to the countryside to fi nd peace there, while people 
from the country fi ght their way to the city for better opportunities. However, 
taking the pros and cons of city life and country life into account, many people in 
Europe and America try to live in non-industrial towns situated near big cities. 
Th at seems a wise choice, as they try to combine the advantages of both lifestyles.
Task 2. Compose a dialogue
1. To many people, living in commuter towns and commuting to work in 
cities seems more attractive than living in cities. Many others prefer living 
in the city.
2. For some city dwellers, living in a megapolis has a lot of ad vantages. However, many others would prefer to live in a city rather than in a megapolis.
3. Some people think it is a good thing to live in a modem city. Others believe country life is much better.
4. It is generally believed that it is better for children to grow up in the 
countryside than in a big city. However, some people think that the city 
provides a better environment for raising children.
5. Many people think that the car is the best way to travel inside a big city. 
Others believe that alternative forms of transport should be encouraged.
Task 3. Compose a monologue, using the following questions
1. What is it like where you live? Do you like living there? Why? Do you get 
many tourists visiting your area?
2. Do most people in Russia prefer to live in a city or in the countryside? 
Why? Is it easy to travel around your hometown? What is your hometown 
known for?
3. Would you recommend your hometown to people with children? Why? 
Does your hometown have many cultural facilities? How do people in 
your hometown prefer spending their free time?
Task 4. Write an essay “My ideal city/countryside life”.
Task 5. Make a presentation “My favourite Russian city”

Task 6. Complete the sentences with a suitable word: 
congested / block / facilities / deprived / sites / industrial
1. Th e hotel’s leisure __________ include a large indoor pool, sauna and sun 
terrace.
2. When you travel, it is very important to choose a hotel within easy walking 
distance of the main historic ______ and cultural _________.
3. It is almost impossible to drive around the city centre because the roads 
are _________.
4. Th e apartment blocks in the suburbs of small towns oft en look shabby and 
rundown – no wonder no-one wants to live in such _________ areas.
5. People living near major __________ areas oft en complain about polluted 
air and suff er from respiratory diseases such as asthma.
6. When you live in an apartment ______, you don’t have to worry much 
about the maintenance.
Task 7. Complete the sentences with “a big city”, “the countryside”
1. Personally, I would prefer to live in
a) _____ because I love living in high-rise buildings – you can see miles 
overthe rooft ops and when you get down to the street level, you’re 
right in the middle of everything.
b) in _____, mainly because I love the peace and quiet.
c) in ______, there are a few reasons for it, the main of which might be 
the fact that I really love hustle and bustle of _____. Besides, I am not 
a great fan of a dull and monotonous life.
d) in ______, mainly because I think it is very important to have all 
facilities within walking distance.
2. Personally, when I was a kid, I preferred to live
a) in _______, because I enjoyed the clean air and a slower pace of life. 
We used to go for long walks in the forest every weekend.
b) in ________, because I loved listening to the birds and looking at 
the horizon. It is impossible to do if you are surrounded by high-rise 
buildings of _____.
Task 8. Express the following in English
1. Если не ошибаюсь, я сделал эту фотографию в прошлом году где-то 
на окраинах Москвы. Это прекрасный суматошный город с грандиозной архитектурой.
2. Позволь мне рассказать тебе немного про это фотографию. На переднем плане ты видишь пожилую пару, это мои бабушка и дедушка. 

На заднем плане исторические домики. Это пешеходная зона, поэтому здесь нет машин.
3. Как ты видишь, мои бабушка и дедушка идут по тихой мощеной 
улочке где-то в жилом районе города.
4. Если мне не изменяет память, я сделал эту фотографию три года назад, когда мы были в отпуске в одном из самых влиятельных городов 
мира – Казани. Это ошеломляюще красивый город с потрясающими 
высокими зданиями.
5. Я бы хотел рассказать тебе еще немного об этой фотографии. На переднем плане ты видишь мою сестру Валерию. На заднем плане – 
центр города с его широкими улицами и грандиозными высотками.
6. Лично я предпочитаю жить в большом городе, а не в пригороде. 
Основная причина этого, возможно, заключается в том, что я люблю 
иметь культурно-развлекательные учреждения в шаговой доступности.
7. Лично я предпочел бы жить на окраинах, а не в центре города. Вопервых, я не люблю суматоху большого города, а во-вторых, я очень 
люблю тишину и покой и медленный темп жизни.
8. Я согласен с мнением, что современные мегаполисы – это не лучшее 
место для воспитания детей. Во-первых, жизнь в большом городе 
представляет угрозу для здоровья ребенка, так как там высокий 
уровень загрязнения воздуха. Те, кто живет на окраинах, вблизи 
промышленных районов или в центре города, страдают от ряда различных заболеваний дыхательных путей, таких как астма.
9. Однако существует мнение, что большие города предлагают больше преимуществ для семей с детьми, чем пригород или загородная 
местность. Общеизвестно, что в мегаполисе много культурных и 
развлекательных учреждений, поэтому у детей, которые растут в 
городе, жизнь гораздо интереснее, чем у их сверстников из сельской 
местности.
10. Тем не менее я не могу согласиться с мнением оппонентов. Я уверен, 
что необязательно постоянно жить в суматохе большого города, для 
того чтобы иметь доступ к развлекательным учреждениям. Семьи 
могут ездить в город на выходные для развлечений, а большую часть 
времени проводить в тишине и покое загородной местности.

GRAMMAR. SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) FORMS
Спряжение глагола to walk (гулять)
в Present Simple Tense (Present Indefi nite Tense)
(действие совершается обычно)
I walk
I do not walk
he walks
he does not walk
she walks
she does not walk
it walks
it does not walk
we walk
we do not walk
you walk
you do not walk
they work
they do not work
Do you walk?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
Does he walk?
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn’t.
Does she walk?
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t.
Does it walk?
Yes, it does.
No, it doesn’t.
Do we walk?
Yes, we do.
No, we don’t.
Do you walk?
Yes, you do.
No, you don’t.
Do they walk?
Yes, they do.
No, they don’t.
Exercise 1
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
(USUALLY) 1. Му working day (to begin) at seven o’clock. I (to get) up, (to 
switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fi ft een 
minutes. At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. My father and I (to leave) home 
at eight o’clock. He (to take) a bus to his factory. My mother (to be) a doctor, she 
(to leave) home at nine o’clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the living room. 
We (to watch) TV and (to talk). 2. My sister (to get) up at eight o’clock. 3. She 
(to be) a schoolgirl. She (to go) to school in the aft ernoon. 4. Jane (to be) fond of 
sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 5. For breakfast she (to have) 
two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 6. Aft er breakfast she (to go) to school. 
7. It (to take) her two hours to do her homework. 8. She (to speak) French well.
Exercise 2
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
(USUALLY) 1. Andrea Schatzmann, an exchange student from Switzerland, 
(to live) with the Connor family in San Francisco. She (to get) up at 7 am and