Professional English for Administrators

.
Н.А. Лесникова
А.С. Лариошин
Professional English 
for
Administrators
Учебное пособие по английскому языку
Хабаровск
Дальневосточный институт управления – филиал РАНХиГС
2022
Дальневосточный 
институт управления – 
филиал РАНХиГС

ББК 81.2 Англ-923
УДК 811.111
Р 93
Авторы-составители:
Лесникова Н. А. – доцент, доцент кафедры лингвистики и международного 
права Дальневосточного института управления – филиала РАНХиГС;
Лариошин А. С. – кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры 
лингвистики и международного права Дальневосточного института 
управления – филиала РАНХиГС.
Рецензенты:
Акенина А. В. – кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры 
иностранных языков Дальневосточного юридического института МВД 
России;
Федотова И. П. – кандидат филологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры 
лингвистики и международного права Дальневосточного института 
управления – филиала РАНХиГС.
Р 93	 Professional 
English 
for Administrators 
: 
учебное 
пособие 
	
по английскому языку / А. С. Лариошин, Н. А. Лесникова. – 
	
Хабаровск : Дальневосточный институт управления – филиал
	
РАНХиГС, 2022. – 115 с.
ISBN	978-5-94456-336-1
Учебное пособие «Professional English for Administrators» предназначено 
для обучающихся в неязыковых вузах по направлению подготовки 
38.03.04 Государственное и муниципальное управление. Цель пособия – 
развитие навыков говорения на иностранном (английском) языке и работы 
с оригинальным англоязычным специализированным текстом. Пособие 
может быть использовано для проведения занятий в интерактивной форме в 
рамках контактной и самостоятельной работы обучающихся.
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
ББК 81.2 Англ-923
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
УДК 811.111
 
Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета
Дальневосточного института управления – филиала РАНХиГС
ISBN	978-5-94456-336-1	
© Лесникова Н.А., Лариошин А.С., 2022
	
© Дальневосточный институт управления –
	
    филиал РАНХиГС, 2022 

Предисловие 
Учебное 
пособие 
«Professional 
English 
for 
Administrators» 
предназначено 
для 
обучающихся 
по 
направлению 
подготовки 
38.03.04 «Государственное и муниципальное управление» очной и заочной 
форм обучения.
Пособие состоит из пяти разделов: Systems of Government; Civil 
Service of the USA; Civil Service of Great Britain; Government in Canada; 
Management for Public Service Organizations. Целью пособия является 
развитие навыков говорения на иностранном (английском) языке и работы 
с оригинальным англоязычным специализированным текстом. Этому 
способствуют упражнения, направленные на закрепление и расширение 
навыков изучающего, ознакомительного, поискового чтения. Каждый раздел 
поделен на три блока: упражнения на усвоение новой лексики, работа с 
аутентичным текстом и упражнения после текста, направленные на развитие 
разговорных навыков с применением продуктивных и репродуктивных 
методов обучения.
Материал пособия профессионально ориентирован. Тексты взяты 
из оригинальной литературы и посвящены структуре государственной 
службы и органов местного самоуправления США, Великобритании, 
Канады и России, что способствует реализации компетентностного подхода 
в 
подготовке 
высокопрофессиональных 
специалистов 
(бакалавров), 
владеющих профессионально-ориентированным языком.
Пособие может быть использовано как для аудиторной работы,  так 
и для самостоятельной работы обучающимися в неязыковых вузах  по 
программе бакалавриата, магистратуры и другими лицами, изучающими 
английский язык.

Unit 1 
SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT
Text 1
Задания:
Изучите следующие слова и словосочетания.
I.	
sense 		
	
	
	
смысл
1.	
entity 		
	
	
	
общность
2.	
influential 	 	
	
	
влиятельный
3.	
definition 	
	
	
	
определение
4.	
legitimate violence 	
	
законное насилие
5.	
to impose 	 	
	
	
устанавливать (закон)
6.	
legal order 	 	
	
	
законный порядок
7.	
armed forces 	
	
	
вооруженные силы
8.	
state bureaucracy 	 	
	
государственная бюрократия
9.	
law 	 	
	
	
	
закон; право
10.	
court 		
	
	
	
суд
11.	
to enforce 	 	
	
	
принудительно применять
12.	
to govern 	
	
	
	
править, управлять
13.	
to exert 	
	
	
	
влиять; проявлять
14.	
legitimacy 	 	
	
	
законность
15.	
self-determined 	
	
	
независимый, самоопределенный 
16.	
order 		
	
	
	
порядок
17.	
to hold 	
	
	
	
удерживать, держать
18.	
autocracy 	 	
	
	
автократия
19.	
oligarchy 	
	
	
	
олигархия
20.	
anarchy 	
	
	
	
анархия
21.	
Прочтите и переведите текст устно.
II.	
BASIC DEFINITIONS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
The word state has both an empirical and a juridical sense, i.e., entities can 
be states either de facto or de jure or both.
Empirically (or de facto), an entity is a state if, as in Max Weber’s influential definition, it is that organization that has a monopoly on legitimate violence 
over a specific territory. Such an entity imposes its own legal order over a territory, even if it is not legally recognized as a state by other states. It may include 
the armed forces, civil service or state bureaucracy, courts, and police.
Juridically (or de jure), an entity is a state in international law if it is recognized as such by other states, even if it does not actually have a monopoly on the 

legitimate use of force over a territory.
A government is a body that has the people to make and the rulers to enforce rules and laws within a civil, corporate, religious, academic, or other organization or group. In its broadest sense, “to govern” means to rule over or supervise, 
whether over a state, a set group of people, or a collection of people.
Sovereignty is the ability of a government to exert control over its territory free from outside influence. One commentator highlights the difficulty of 
precisely defining sovereignty, but describes it as possessing meanings including 
“absolute, unlimited control or power,” “a symbol of political legitimacy,” “selfdetermined national independence,” and “constitutional order.”
Governments are often classified according to the number of people who 
hold political power.
•In autocracies, one individual holds all the power. This category includes 
absolute monarchies as well as dictatorships.
•In oligarchies, political power is held by a small group of people who 
share the same interests.
•Democracies are governments where the people as a whole hold the power. It may be exercised by them (direct democracy), or through representatives 
chosen by them (representative democracy).
•Anarchy is a lack of government or imposed rule.
III. 	 Отработайте 
произношение 
следующих 
слов 
и 
словосочетаний. Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык.
An empirical sense; a juridical sense; influential definition; a monopoly; 
legitimate violence; to impose; legal order; state bureaucracy; courts and police; 
empirically; legitimate use of force; to enforce rules and laws; to govern; 
sovereignty; to exert control over; outside influence; political legitimacy; selfdetermined national independence; constitutional order; autocracies; oligarchies; 
democracies; anarchy.
IV. 	
Продолжите фразу, цитируя текст…
The word state has both …
1.	
Empirically (or de facto), an entity is a state if …
2.	
Juridically (or de jure), an entity is a state …
3.	
To govern means …
4.	
In autocracies, one individual …
5.	
In oligarchies, political power …
6.	
Democracies are governments …
7.	
Anarchy is a lack of …
8.	

V. 	
Ответьте на вопросы:
What is a state? 
1.	
What is a government?
2.	
What is sovereignty?
3.	
How are governments classified as?
4.	
VI. Перескажите текст, используя следующее выражение: 
The text is about …
Text 2
Задания:
 Изучите следующие слова и словосочетания.
I.	
antiquity 	
	
	
	
античность 
1.	
afterlife 	
	
	
	
последующие годы жизни 
2.	
thought 	
	
	
	
мысль 
3.	
 to contribute 		
	
	
вносить вклад 	
4.	
dissolution 	 	
	
	
прекращение; исчезновение
5.	
suzerain 	
	
	
	
сюзерен; протекторат	
	
6.	
anointed 	
	
	
	
помазанный	
7.	
hierarchy 	
	
	
	
иерархия   
8.	
to rule  	
	
	
	
править, управлять, властвовать
9.	
will 	 	
	
	
	
воля, желание 	
	
10.	
mutual 	
	
	
	
взаимный 
11.	
dependence 	 	
	
	
зависимость
12.	
taxation 	
	
	
	
налогообложение   
13.	
to obtain        		
	
	
приобретать		
	
14.	
nobility	
	
	
	
аристократия; дворянство 
15.	
estate	 	
	
	
	
сословие    
16.	
to negotiate 	 	
	
	
вести переговоры, договариваться
17.	
to constitute	  	
	
	
основывать, образовывать, 	
	
18.	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
учреждать
 to culminate 	
	
	
достигать высшей точки		
19.	
to embark on		
	
	
начинать 	
	
	
20.	
to increase 	 	
	
	
увеличивать(-ся)	 	
	
21.	
to exhibit 	
	
	
	
проявлять  
22.	
delineation 	 	
	
	
очертание, описание 	
	
23.	
to defeat 	
	
	
	
аннулировать 	
	
	
24.	
to co-opt 	
	
	
	
кооптировать	
	
	
25.	
lesser 		
	
	
	
меньше	
	
26.	

claim 		
	
	
	
претензия, жалоба		
27.	
to emerge 	
	
	
	
возникать	
28.	
to took  form		
	
	
приобретать форму	
	
29.	
permanent 	 	
	
	
постоянный
30.	
embassies 	 	
	
	
посольства	
31.	
mercantile 	 	
	
	
торговый, коммерческий 	
32.	
II. 	
Прочтите и переведите текст.
HISTORY OF THE STATE
The history of the state in the West usually begins with classical antiquity. During that period, the state took a variety of forms, none of them very much like the modern state. There were monarchies whose power (like that of the Egyptian Pharaoh) was 
based on the religious function of the king and his control of a centralized army.
Perhaps the most important political innovations of classical antiquity came from 
the Greek city-states and the Roman Republic. The Greek city-states before the 4th 
century granted citizenship rights to their free population, and in Athens these rights 
were combined with a directly democratic form of government that was to have a long 
afterlife in political thought and history.
In contrast, Rome developed from a monarchy into a republic, governed by a 
senate dominated by the Roman aristocracy. The Roman political system contributed to 
the development of law, constitutionalism and to the distinction between the private 
and the public spheres.
The story of the development of the specifically modern state in the West typically 
begins with the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire. The state-system of feudal 
Europe was an unstable configuration of suzerains and anointed kings. A monarch, formally at the head of a hierarchy of sovereigns, was not an absolute power who could 
rule at will; instead, relations between lords and monarchs were mediated by varying 
degrees of mutual dependence, which was ensured by the absence of a centralized system of taxation. This reality ensured that each ruler needed to obtain the “consent” of 
each estate in the realm.*
The formalization of the struggles over taxation between the monarch and other 
elements of society (especially the nobility and the cities) gave rise to what is now 
called the state of Estates, characterized by parliaments in which key social groups negotiated with the king about legal and economic matters. Beginning in the 15th century, 
this centralizing process gives rise to the absolutist state. 
The rise of the “modern state” as a public power constituting the supreme political authority within a defined territory is associated with Western Europe’s gradual 
institutional development beginning in earnest in the late 15th century, culminating in 
the rise of absolutism and capitalism.
As Europe’s dynastic states – England under the Tudors, Spain under the 

Hapsburgs, and France under the Bourbons – embarked on a variety of programs designed to increase centralized political and economic control, they increasingly exhibited many of that characterize the “modern state.” This centralization of power involved 
the delineation of political boundaries, as European monarchs gradually defeated or 
co-opted other sources of power, such as the Church and lesser nobility. In place of 
the fragmented system of feudal rule, with its often indistinct territorial claims, large, 
unitary states with extensive control over definite territories emerged. This process gave 
rise to the highly centralized and increasingly bureaucratic forms of absolute monarchical rule of the 17th and 18th centuries, when the principal features of the contemporary state system took form, including the introduction of a standing army, a central 
taxation system, diplomatic relations with permanent embassies, and the development 
of state economic policy – mercantilism.
Notes:
“consent” of each estate in the realm – согласие каждого сословия в королевстве
the state of Estates – сословное государство	 	
III. 	 Отработайте 
произношение 
следующих 
слов 
и 
словосочетаний. Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык.
antiquity; a variety of forms; monarchies; the Greek city-states; the Roman 
Republic; citizenship rights; aristocracy; the development of law; the private and the 
public spheres; the specifically modern state; the dissolution of the Western Roman 
Empire; feudal Europe; suzerains and anointed kings; a hierarchy of sovereigns; 
an absolute power; mutual dependence; system of taxation; the nobility; the state 
of Estate; the absolutist state; the supreme political authority; gradual institutional                                    
development; the rise of absolutism and capitalism; centralized political and 
economic control; the institutional features; the delineation of political boundaries; 
unitary states; extensive control; the contemporary state system; diplomatic relations; 
permanent embassies; mercantilism.
IV. 	
Назовите ключевые факты, содержащиеся в тексте.
V. 	
Определите, является ли утверждение:
The most modern states developed from a monarchy into a republic.
1.	
The most important political innovations of classical antiquity came 
2.	
from the Greek city-states and the Roman Republic.
The state is the historical category.
3.	
– ложным,
– истинным,
– нет информации в тексте.

VI. Перескажите текст, используя следующее выражение: 
The text is about …
Text 3 
Задания:
Изучите следующие слова и словосочетания.
I.	
to employ 	 	
	
	
нанимать 
1.	
to maintain 	 	
	
	
поддерживать
2.	
to establish 	 	
	
	
учреждать
3.	
secrecy 	
	
	
	
секретность
4.	
censorship 	 	
	
	
цензура
5.	
agreement 	 	
	
	
соглашение
6.	
legitimacy 	 	
	
	
законность
7.	
justice 	
	
	
	
правосудие, справедливость
8.	
social welfare 	
	
	
социальное обеспечение
9.	
to claim 	
	
	
	
жаловаться
10.	
deities 	
	
	
	
божество (зд.: элита)
11.	
shop 	 	
	
	
	
должность, служба, занятие
12.	
post 	 	
	
	
	
положение, должность
13.	
benefit 	
	
	
	
выгода, польза, пособие, льгота
14.	
despotism	
	
	
	
тирания
15.	
to carry out 	 	
	
	
выполнять
16.	
laissez-faire 	 	
	
	
невмешательство 
17.	
office power	 	
	
	
должностные полномочия
18.	
office rule 	
	
	
	
должностной устав (обязанности)
19.	
officialdom	 	
	
	
чиновничество
20.	
perversion 	 	
	
	
извращение (зд.: подмена)
21.	
lost sight 	
	
	
	
 упущенный из виду (забытый)
22.	
corollary 	
	
	
	
вывод, заключение, взгляд
23.	
endeavor 	
	
	
	
попытка, старание, стремление
24.	
to pursue 	
	
	
	
преследовать
25.	
encompass 	 	
	
	
заключать, охватывать, выполнять
26.	
abuse  		
	
	
	
насилие, плохое обращение
27.	
day-to-day functions 	
	
повседневные обязанности
28.	
inherently 	
	
	
	
свойственно, неотъемлемо, 	
	
29.	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
присуще

II. 	
Прочтите и переведите текст.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Government can be defined as the political and administrative institutions 
of a society. It is the institution found in every civilized society.
Governments concern themselves with regulating and administering many 
areas of human activity, such as trade, education, or medicine. Governments also employ different methods to maintain the established order, such as secrecy, censorship, 
police and military forces (particularly under despotism) making agreements with 
other states, and maintaining support within the state. Typical methods of maintaining 
support and legitimacy include providing the infrastructure for administration, justice, 
transport, communication, social welfare, etc.; claiming support from deities; providing benefits to elites; providing shops for important posts within the state; limiting the 
power of the state through laws and constitutions; and appealing to nationalism. The 
modern standard unit of territory is a country. In addition to the meaning used above, 
the word state can refer either to a government or to its territory. Within a territory, 
subnational entities may have local governments which do not have the full power of 
a national government (for example, they will generally lack the authority to declare 
war or carry out diplomacy). 
Different political ideologies hold different ideas on what the government should 
or should not do. One political spectrum related to the role of government is that 
of personal freedom, from authoritarianism to liberalism to libertarianism. Economic 
policy can range from a command economy to laissez-faire, with most countries using 
some form of mixed economy with various degrees of government involvement. 
The word “BUREAUCRACY” stems from the word “bureau,” used from the 
early 18th century in Western Europe not just to refer to a writing desk, but to an office, i.e. a workplace, where officials worked. The original French meaning of the 
word bureau was the baize used to cover desks. The term bureaucracy came into use 
shortly before the French Revolution of 1789, and from there rapidly spread to other 
countries. The Greek suffix – -kratia o r-kratos means “power” or “rule.” Bureaucracy 
thus basically means office power or office rule, the rule of the officialdom. 
There is a traditional controversy about bureaucracy, namely the perversion of 
means and ends so that means become ends in themselves, and the greater good is lost 
sight of; as a corollary, the substitution of sectional interests for the general interest. 
The suggestion here is that, left uncontrolled, the bureaucracy will become increasingly self-serving and, rather than serving society. 
Public administration can be broadly described as the study and implementation of policy. As a moral endeavor, public administration is linked to pursuing the public 
good through the creation of civil society and social justice. The adjective “public” often 
denotes “government”, though it increasingly encompasses non-governmental organizations such as those of civil society or any entity and its management not specifically