Сервис Plus, 2024, том 18, № 2

ТОМ 18,  
№2 — 2024 
СЕРВИСplus   
НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ  
 
Содержание: 
КУЛЬТУРА И ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЯ 
 
Антипова С.С. Метафорическая интепретация социокультурных 
процессов в России 20-21 вв. 
3 
 
 
Белова Ю.В., Ермилова Д.Ю., Назарова Л.Р. Дизайн-концепция 
карты-схемы местности для популяризации образа территории. 
12 
 
 
Бородовская Л.З. Исторические истоки татарской суфийской культуры 
от Ахмада ал-Йасави. 
23 
 
 
Газилов М.Г. К вопросу о развитии регионального туризма в России (на 
примере трех культурно-туристических центров Дагестана). 
34 
 
 
Григорян М.И., Гозалова М.Р. Культурологические причины 
изменений целевого языка изучения в России. 
41 
 
 
Кучеренко А.Л., Коноплева Н.А. Проблема музыкальности и музыкальных 
стилей фламенко. 
50 
 
 
Лю Ч., Цыкина Ю.Ю. Китайские музыкальные инструменты семейства 
хуцинь: история и современное состояние. 
59 
 
 
Макарова А.И. Слова французского происхождения в испанском языке 
аргентины как эффект развития культуры. 
68 
 
 
Цыкина Ю.Ю. Опыт взаимодействия марийской музыкальной культуры 
и партийно-правительственных органов в 1917-1985 гг. 
76 
 
 
Чжан Ц., Цыкина Ю.Ю. Влияние фортепианных произведений Ван 
Цзяньчжуна на развитие китайского фортепианного искусства. 
83 
 
 
Чжан Ц., Цыкина Ю.Ю. Роль российской фортепианной школы в 
развитии китайской пианистической культуры. 
93 
 
 
Юй Я. Виды пения в Китае: история и современность вокальный 
культуры. 
103 
 
 
Ягофарова Н.О. Историко-теоретические аспекты культурного 
наследия дворянских усадеб. 
117 
 
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ, ВОСПИТАНИЕ И ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЕ 
 
Бастрыкина Т.С., Верна В.В., Димитриева С.Д., Сорока А.В. 
Проблемы эффективности системы 5S в организации рабочих 
пространств туристических агентств. 
129 
 
 
Костоварова В.В. Академический язык в курсе «иностранный язык в 
сфере 
межкультурных 
коммуникаций» 
для 
магистрантов 
по 
направлению юриспруденции. 
137 
 
 
Спатарь-Козаченко Т.И., Крылова Т.В., Логинова Н.Ю., Груздева 
М.В. Взаимосвязь процессов технологизации образовательной 
системы и изменений в культуре общества. 
146 
 
 
Ушаков Р.Н. Теоретический дискурс о природе корпоративной 
культуры: религия или наука способствуют развитию гостиничного 
предприятия. 
155 
 
 
Главный редактор: 
Коновалова Е.Е. – Российский государственный университет 
туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), к.э.н., доцент 
Заместитель главного редактора: 
Газгиреева Л.Х. – Российский государственный университет 
туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), д.филос.н., профессор 
РЕДАКЦИОННЫЙ СОВЕТ 
Председатель: Погребова Е.С. – Российский государственный 
университет туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), к.э.н., доцент 
Члены редакционного совета: 
Ананьева Т.Н. – Российский государственный университет 
туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), д.соц.н., профессор 
Бокарева Е.В. – Российский государственный университет 
туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), к.э.н., доцент 
Гаврилов А.Ю. – Российский государственный университет 
туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), к.экон.н. 
Лапшин И. Е. – Российский университет дружбы народов (Россия, 
Москва), к.филос.н. 
Алексеев М. – Индианский Университет (США, Блумингтон), 
профессор  
Янь Сюэтун – Университет Цинхуа (Китай, Пекин), профессор, 
директор Института международных отношений 
Жолдасбеков А.А. – Южно-Казахстанский государственный 
университет им. М. Ауезова (Казахстан, Шимкент), д. пед.н, 
профессор  
Клименко М. – Школа экономики Технологического института 
Джорджия (США, Атланта), профессор  
Коновалова Е.Е. – Российский государственный университет 
туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), к.э.н., доцент 
Лэнг Л. – филиал Оксфорд Брукс Университета (Венгрия, 
Будапешт), профессор  
Недкова А.С. – Университет им. профессора А. Златарова 
(Болгария, Бургас), доктор педагогики  
Олсен Ш. – Телемарк Университет Колледж (Норвегия, Тромсё), 
профессор 
Родионов Е.И. – Российский государственный университет 
туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), к.пед.н., доцент 
Саенко Н.Р. – Московский политехнический университет (Россия, 
Москва), д.филос.н., профессор  
Штремберг П. – Телемарк Университет Колледж (Норвегия, Бё), 
профессор 
Эриксон Р. – Университет восточной Каролины (США, 
Гринвилл), профессор 
Члены редакционной коллегии: 
Аникеева О.А. – Российский государственный социальный 
университет (Россия, Москва). к.и.н., доцент 
Архипова О.В. – Санкт-Петербургский государственный 
экономический университет (Россия, Санкт-Петербург), 
д.филос.н., профессор 
Багдасарян В.Э. – Московский государственный областной 
университет, Московский государственный университет им. М.В. 
Ломоносова (Россия, Москва), д.и.н., профессор  
Дмитриев А.В. – Институт философии (Россия, Москва), 
д.филос.н., профессор, академик РАН  
Ежова Е.Н. – СевероКавказский федеральный университет 
(Россия, Ставрополь), д.фил.н., профессор 
Заернюк В.М. – Российский государственный 
геологоразведочный университет им. Серго Орджоникидзе 
(Россия, Москва), д.э.н., профессор 
Королева О.В. – Саратовский национальный исследовательский 
государственный университет им. Н.Г. Чернышевского (Россия, 
Саратов), к.и.н., доцент 
Лагусев Ю.М. – Российский государственный университет 
туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), д.пед.н., профессор  
Лысикова О.В. – Саратовский государственный технический 
университет им. Ю.А. Гагарина, (Россия, Саратов), к.и.н., д.соц.н., 
профессор 
Мамедов Азер Агабала оглы – Государственный аграрный 
университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева (Россия, Москва), 
д.ф.н., профессор 
Радина О.И. – Донской государственный технический 
университет (Россия, Ростов-на-Дону), д.э.н., профессор  
Харитонова Т.В. – Финансовый университет при Правительстве 
РФ (Россия, Москва), к.э.н., доцент 
Чигрин В.А. – Крымский филиал Федерального научноисследовательского социологического центра Российской 
академии наук (Россия, Симферополь), д.соц.н., профессор  
Шалаева Н.В. – Саратовский государственный аграрный 
университет им. Н.И. Вавилова (Россия, Саратов), д.и.н., 
профессор 
Юдина Е.В. – Российский государственный университет туризма 
и сервиса (Россия, Москва), к.соц.н., доцент 
Ответственный секретарь: 
Афанасьева А.В. – Российский государственный университет 
туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), к.геогр.н., доцент 
 
Точка зрения редакции не всегда совпадает с точкой зрения авторов публикуемых 
статей. 
Издательство ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный университет 
Переводчик: Макарова А.И. – Российский государственный 
университет туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), 
к.фил.н.,доцент 
Свидетельство о регистрации 
ЭЛ ФС77-69428 от 14 апреля 2017 г.  
туризма и сервиса:  
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Тел./факс: 8 (495) 940-83-63 доб. 395 www.RGUTS.ru  
e-mail: redkollegiamgus@mail.ru 
 

VOLUME 18,  
№2 — 2024 
SERVICEplus   
SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL  
 
Content: 
CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION 
 
Svetlana S. ANTIPOVA Metaphorical interpretation of sociocultural 
processes in Russia in the 20th – 21st centuries. 
3 
 
 
Yulia V. BELOVA, Darya Yu. ERMILOVA, Lilia R. NAZAROVA The design 
concept of the terrain map to popularize the image of the territory. 
12 
 
 
Liliya Z. BORODOVSKAYA Historical sources of Tatar Sufi culture by 
Ahmad al-Yasawy. 
23 
 
 
Magomed G. GAZILOV On the development of regional tourism in Russia 
(on the example of three cultural and tourist centers of Dagestan). 
34 
 
 
Marina I. GRIGORYAN, Marina R. GOZALOVA Cultural determinants 
influencing shifts in the preferred target language for study in Russia. 
41 
 
 
Anastasia L. KUCHERENKO, Nina A. KONOPLEVA The problem of 
musicality and musical styles of flamenco. 
50 
 
 
Chang LIU, Yuliya Yu. TSYKINA Chinese musical instruments of the huqin 
family: history and current status. 
59 
 
 
Aleksandra I. MAKAROVA Words of the French origin in the Spanish 
language of Argentina as a cultural development effect. 
68 
 
 
Yulia Yu. TSYKINA Experience of interaction between the Mari musical 
culture and the party-government bodies in 1917-1985. 
76 
 
 
Jiangqi ZHANG, Yuliya Yu. TSYKINA The influence of Wang Jianzhong's 
piano works on the development of Chinese piano art. 
83 
 
 
Jiangqi ZHANG, Yuliya Yu. TSYKINA The role of the Russian piano school 
in the development of Chinese piano culture. 
93 
 
 
Yaxian YU Types of singing in China: history and modernity of vocal culture. 
103 
 
 
Nadezhda O. YAGOFAROVA Historical and theoretical aspects of the 
cultural heritage of noble estates. 
117 
 
EDUCATION, UPBRINGING AND ENLIGHTENMENT 
 
Tatiana S. BASTRYKINA, Veronika V. VERNA, Snezhana D. 
DIMITRIEVA, Anastasiya V. SOROKA The 5S system effectiveness in 
organizing travel agency workspaces. 
129 
 
 
Valentina V. KOSTOVAROVA Academic language in the course "Foreign 
language in intercultural communication" for master students in the field of 
law. 
137 
 
 
Tatiana I. SPATAR-KOZACHENKO, Tatiana V. KRYLOVA, Natalia Yu. 
LOGINOVA, Maria V. GRUZDEVA The link between the technological evolution 
of the education system and transformations in societal culture. 
146 
 
 
Roman N. USHAKOV Theoretical discourse on the origin of corporate culture: 
religion or science contribute to the development of a hotel enterprise. 
155 
 
Editor-in-Chief: Konovalova Elena E. – Russian State 
University of Tourism and Service (Russian Federation, 
Moscow), PhD in Economics, Associate Professor 
Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Gazgireeva Larisa Kh. – Russian State 
University of Tourism and Service (Russian Federation, 
Moscow), PhD (Dr. Sc.) in Philosophy, Professor 
Editorial board: Pogrebova Elena S. – Russian State University 
of Tourism and Service (Russian Federation, Moscow), PhD in 
Economics, Associate Professor 
Konovalova Elena E. – Russian State University of Tourism and 
Service (Russian Federation, Moscow), PhD in Economics, 
Associate Professor 
Bokareva Elena V. – Russian State University of Tourism and 
Service (Russian Federation, Moscow), PhD in Economics, 
Associate Professor 
Ananieva Tatiana N. – Russian State University of Tourism and 
Service (Russian Federation, Moscow), PhD (Dr.Sc.) in 
Sociology, Professor 
Gavrilov Andrey Yu. – Russian State University of Tourism and 
Service (Russian Federation, Moscow), PhD in Economics 
Lapshin Ivan E. – Peoples Friendship University of Russia 
(Russian Federation, Moscow), PhD in Philosophy 
Alexeev Michael – Indiana University (USA, Bloomington), PhD 
in Economics, Professor 
Yan Xuetong – Tsinghua University (China, Beijing), Professor 
Director of the Institute of International Relations. 
Zholdasbekov Abdimanat A. – Abai Kazakh National 
Pedagogical University, (Almaty), PhD (Dr.Sc.) in Pedagogy 
Klimenko Mikhail M. – Georgia Institute of Technology (USA, 
Atlanta), Professor  
Láng László – Oxford Brookes University (Budapest, Hungary), 
Professor  
Nedkova Antonina S. – UNIVERSITY PROF. D-R ASEN 
ZLATAROV, (Bulgaria, Burgas), PhD in Pedagogy  
Olsen Kjell Ole Kjærland – UiT The Arctic University of Norway 
(Norway, Tromsø), Professor 
Rodionov Eugene I. – Russian State University of Tourism and 
Service (Russia, Moscow), PhD in Pedagogy 
Saenko Natalia R. – Moscow Polytechnic University (Russian 
Federation, Moscow), PhD (Dr.Sc.) in Philosophy 
Strömberg Per – University of South-Eastern Norway (Norway, 
Boeuf), Associate Professor 
Ericson Richard E. – East Carolina University (USA, Greenville), 
Professor  
Members of Editorial Staff:  
Anikeeva Olga A. – Russian State Social University (Russian 
Federation, Moscow). PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor 
Arkhipova Olga V. – Saint Petersburg State University of 
Economics (Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg), PhD in 
Philosophy, Professor 
Vardan E. Bagdasaryan – Moscow State University (Russian 
Federation, Moscow), PhD (Dr.Sc.) in History  
Anatoliy V. Dmitriyev – Institute of Philosophy (Russian 
Federation, Moscow), PhD (Dr.Sc.) in Philosophy, Professor, 
member of Russian Academy of Sciences. 
Yezhova Elena N. – North Caucasus Federal University (Russian 
Federation, Stavropol), PhD (Dr.Sc.) in Philology, Professor 
Zaernyuk Viktor M. – Russian State Geological Prospecting University 
(Russian Federation, Moscow), phD (Dr.Sc.) in Economics 
Koroleva Oksana V. – Saratov State University (Russian 
Federation, Saratov), PhD in History, Associate Professor 
Lagusev Yuriy M. – Russian State University of Tourism and 
Service (Russian Federation, Moscow), PhD (Dr.Sc.) in Pedagogy  
Lysikova Olga V. – Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of 
Saratov, (Russian Federation, Saratov), PhD in History, PhD 
(Dr.Sc.) in Sociology, Professor 
Mamedov Azer A. – Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow 
Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev (Russian 
Federation, Moscow), PhD (Dr.Sc.) in Philosophy, Professor 
Radina Oksana I. – Don State Technical Universyty (Russian 
Federation, Rostov-on-Don), PhD (Dr.Sc.) in Economics, Professor 
Kharitonova Tatiana V. – Finance University under the Government 
of the Russian Federation (Russian Federation, Moscow), PhD in 
Economics, Associate Professor  
Chigrin Viktor A. – V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 
(Russian Federation, Simferopol), PhD (Dr.Sc.) in Sociology, Professor  
Shalaeva Nadezhda V. – Saratov State Agrarian University 
Named After N.I. Vavilov, (Russian Federation, Saratov), PhD 
(Dr.Sc.) in History, Professor 
Yudina E.V. – Russian State University of Tourism and Service 
(Russian Federation, Moscow), PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor 
Executive secretary: Afanasieva Alexandra V. – Russian State 
University of Tourism and Service (Russian Federation, 
Moscow), PhD in Geography, Associate Professor 
Translator: Alexandra I. Makarova – 
Russian State University of Tourism and 
Service (Russian Federation, Moscow)  
 

Т.18 №2 с. 3–11 
Антипова С.С.  
 
 
Метафорическая интепретация социокультурных процессов в России 20-21 вв.  
 
 
КУЛЬТУРА И ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЯ / CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION 
 
УДК 78.06 
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12176718 
 
METAPHORICAL INTERPRETATION OF SOCIOCULTURAL  
PROCESSES IN RUSSIA IN THE 20th – 21st CENTURIES 
 
Svetlana S. ANTIPOVA,  
Vladivostok State University (Vladivostok, Russia);  
Senior lecturer; e-mail: to_svetlane@mail.ru 
 
 
Abstract. The article proves that metaphorical constructions occur in various linguistic and cultural phenomena. We 
have analyzed the works of several authors, who have made a deciding contribution to the investigation of the essence of 
metaphor theory and its understanding. The specialties of the methodologies have been characterized. The poetic texts are 
especially rich in metaphors. The special attention is given to the poetic texts, written at the end of the 20th century and at 
the beginning of the 21st century. The Russian poetic texts are being analyzed: in these texts we are revealing metaphors, 
representing the specific features of the cultural and historical period under investigation. Every nation has a particular 
volume of knowledge. Part of this information is contained in cultural codes. For the analysis of these codes, the peculiarities 
of cultural customs and traditions, conception of Russia in the beginning of the twenty-first century, we are using the method 
of decoding poetic metaphor constructions in the texts of Russian poets. The aim of the decoding is to understand the 
meaning content and cultural information, hidden in poetic metaphors. It is concluded that metaphor has a hidden meaning, 
which is a hidden meaning of the literature text. This implicit, subtext information contains ethno-cultural and historical 
meaning and represents sociocultural environment of the epoch. The topicality of the present research is determined by the 
scientific interest in correlation between language and culture, the interest in those language elements, which enrich the 
language itself, and at the same time keep the historic information, and cultural heritage of nations. For these processes 
poetic metaphor, as one of the most common literature tropes, has much significance.  
Keywords: metaphor, culture, meaning, poetic text, poetry, society 
 
For citation: Antipova, S.S. (2024). Metaphorical interpretation of sociocultural processes in Russia in the 20th – 
21st centuries. Service plus, 18(2), 3-11. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12176718.  
Submitted: 2024/04/13.  
Accepted: 2024/05/21.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
2024   Том 18  №2 
СЕРВИС plus 
НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ 
3 

2024, 18(2), 3—11 
Antipova, S.S.  
 
 
Metaphorical interpretation of sociocultural processes in Russia in the 20th – 21st centuries.  
 
 
МЕТАФОРИЧЕСКАЯ ИНТЕПРЕТАЦИЯ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ  
ПРОЦЕССОВ В РОССИИ 20-21 вв.  
 
АНТИПОВА Светлана Сергеевна, 
Владивостокский государственный университет (Владивосток, РФ);  
Старший преподаватель; e-mail: to_svetlane@mail.ru 
 
 
Аннотация. В статье были проанализированы работы нескольких значимых авторов, которые внесли решающий вклад в исследование сущности теории метафоры и ее понимание. Охарактеризованы особенности методологий. Особое внимание уделяется поэтическим текстам, написанным в конце 20-го и начале 21-го века. Анализируются русские поэтические тексты: в этих текстах выявлены метафоры, отражающие специфику исследуемого культурно-исторического периода. Каждый народ обладает определенным объемом знаний. Часть этой информации содержится в культурных кодах. Данные коды содержатся в метафорических конструкциях и нуждаются 
в расшифровке. Выявляется смысловое содержание поэтической метафоры, а также содержащаяся в ней культурологическая информация. Что подчеркивает наличие скрытого значения в метафорических конструкциях, где 
зашифрованы этнокультурные и исторические события, представляющие социокультурную обстановку эпохи. 
Данное исследование актуально взаимосвязью языка и культуры, где содержатся элементы, являющиеся источником сохранения исторической информации и культурного наследия нации. Важное значение для этих процессов 
имеет поэтическая метафора как один из наиболее распространенных художественных тропов. 
Ключевые слова: метафора, культура, смысл, поэтический текст, поэзия, общество 
 
Для цитирования: Антипова С.С. Метафорическая интепретация социокультурных процессов в России 20-21 вв. // Сервис plus. 2024. Т.18. №2. С.3-11. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12176718. 
Статья поступила в редакцию: 13.04.2024. 
Статья принята к публикации: 21.05.2024. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SERVICE plus 
SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 
2024   Vol. 18   Iss. 2 
 
4 

Т.18 №2 с. 3–11 
Антипова С.С.  
 
 
Метафорическая интепретация социокультурных процессов в России 20-21 вв.  
 
Introduction 
In our investigation we have conducted the decoding of metaphor constructions, contained in the poetic texts, written at the end of the 20th – the beginning 
of the 21st centuries. The purpose of the decoding was 
to reveal cultural meanings; that allowed us to classify 
metaphor constructions in accordance with these 
meanings, their figurativeness and ideological content. 
In order to reveal the contents of metaphor, the 
method of semantic classification is being used.  
The principle of metaphor building is creation of 
the new meaning by contrast with the components, contained in metaphor. Poetic metaphor connects words, 
which are not commonly used together in speech. That 
creates bright, expressive, peculiar images and new 
meanings. It is interesting that the words, a metaphor 
formation consists of, acquire new meanings, and the 
meaning of the whole metaphor is also new from the 
standpoint of the common usage. Metaphors occupy 
various positions in poetic texts: text can be totally metaphorical, or it can contain separate metaphorical 
chains or word combinations. Author’s choice of the 
metaphor position in a text is not always accidental – it 
is often determined by author’s purpose, content peculiarity of the poem and its stylistics. Author’s conception 
of the world, as it was mentioned above, expresses his 
interaction with the world, his personality features, his 
manifestations; that makes possible to investigate a human factor in language. In the process of evolution the 
man regarded the surrounding reality as resources he 
could benefit from. The man was considered as the center of the universe, measure of everything, which can 
show itself in his views about the surrounding reality. 
That is why one can speak about some anthropocentrism of author’s conception of the world; that has been 
reflected in vocabulary and has become the principle of 
investigation of contemporary linguistics, language consciousness and the role of a human factor in it. Author’s 
conception of the world is reflected in his original metaphor. “The function of metaphors in V. Mayakovsky’s individual style is obvious: they work for the world’s image, make it more visual, substantial, and perceptible” 
[2, p. 399].  
Methodology 
Metaphor is the source for investigating the peculiarities of sociocultural reality of the end of the 20th 
c. The usage of the particular language means and 
creative principles of figurative modelling of the surrounding reality corresponds to the general artistic 
consciousness of the epoch, literature styles and traditions. Poetic images and author’s original metaphors 
represent the environment of author’s existence. The 
word serves as the way of reflecting figurative language conception of the world. The author’s conception of the world becomes the part of the overall language conception. “Metaphor is the core of a poet’s 
figurative system, and the core reflects metaphorical 
view of the world” [9, p. 57].  The essence of a poetic 
metaphor lies in author’s understanding of the world, 
in the context of a poetic text. Every time period is 
characterized by a definite metaphorical peculiarity 
and original meaning content. Learning about the 
world, as well as about sociocultural manifestations of 
the mentioned period, is possible by the poetic word. 
Investigating the works of Russian poets, we reveal 
the specific character of culture, time, actuals, daily life 
and society. In poetic texts we can distinguish a number of metaphor formations, which have created the 
image of the Russian sociocultural environment at the 
close of the 20th century. Conducting the definite analysis of the poetic texts and revealing metaphor semantic fields we demonstrate how the specific character of 
the definite period is being incarnated in metaphorical 
images. The analysis is based on the principle of determining semantic fields of metaphor formations, their 
interpretation, and making semantic classification of 
the investigation, that, as a result, allows us to represent the Russian culture at the end of the 20th century 
from various sides.    Contextual themes and ideas of 
poetic texts have been selected considering a definite 
sociocultural aspect; that allows us to distinguish metaphor formations having similar meaning content. By 
means of interpreting images of metaphor formations 
we determine semantic fields, which represent Russian sociocultural environment at the end of the 20th 
and at the beginning of the 21st centuries. Semantic 
field is to be understood as “a collection of language 
(lexical) units, having common content and reflecting 
conceptual, objective and functional similarity of phenomena they designate” [10, p. 380]. Indicating semantic fields of metaphor formations, found in poetic 
texts, allows us to reveal the main cultural processes 
and values, conveyed by metaphorical images, to determine a specific character of sociocultural actuals of 
 
 
 
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of the physical and the spiritual, the natural and the 
social, the inherited and the acquired during the lifetime” [8, p. 51]. Identifying natural processes with the 
man’s essence is a vital, widespread, necessary part 
of learning the world by means of the poetic word.  
Besides, it is necessary to emphasize the significance of the context in the analysis of metaphor formations. Context is a part of a text, which can specify 
the meaning of a metaphor construction, “its minimum 
sufficient surroundings” [7, p. 21]. However, it is not 
always necessary – perspicacity, inner intuition, realizing, “plunging into the deep” could be enough. “The 
context for a metaphor is neither a frame, nor a background, not even a nutrient medium”, in which a metaphor can exist, it is, in fact, a semantic substance of 
the metaphor, its contents [6, p. 35]. But context is 
important not for every metaphor construction, the 
essence of metaphor can often be determined without considering the semantic content of a poetic 
text, although it is undoubtedly that the general 
meaning content of the text and the meaning of a 
metaphor construction exist in correlation and they 
are sometimes uniform, however, they can exist and 
be understood separately. It is interesting to point 
out that in different parts of a text a word can have 
a double or triple semantic content. That depends 
on the degree of metaphorical meaning of the word 
in the text. “Poetics must not be perceived literally, 
words in a poetic text acquire new meanings, sometimes unexpected from the standpoint of the common usage”, – O. Mandelstam says in his work, 
called “Slovo i kultura” [3, p. 356]. Metaphors are 
important components of the language composition 
of the text. “Metaphor is the most important figurative constructive component of a literature text; it is 
closely interconnected and interacting with its structure, semantics, composition and idea content” [4, 
p. 8]. Owing to metaphor, which often contains maximum imaginary, a poetic text is perceived as extremely expressive and packed, it combines several 
levels of meaning.  
Research 
There is no doubt that metaphor has a lot of 
Russia at the close of the 20th century. Interpretation 
(decoding) of metaphor formations and images, created by them, is performed by means of symbolic and 
philosophical understanding of metaphor formations, 
the understanding being determined by hermeneutic 
method. “Symbols are not necessarily linguistic ones, 
however, any product of learning (thinking) is expressed in forms of symbols (system of symbols). Any 
system of signs and symbols is an independent thing, 
an individuality: a) a product of thinking, the means of 
explanation belonging to a creating subject; b) a product of understanding, the means of understanding, interpreting, belonging to a perceiving subject” [1, p. 
110]. Deep shades of meaning of metaphorical elements in texts cannot be understood sometimes, but 
they can be felt in heart. Hermeneutic method is applied by means of feeling and realizing. Hermeneutic 
method is inclined to a dialog. “In hermeneutics the 
man is a subject of learning, and the system of symbols and signs is an object of learning. The main task 
of hermeneutics is realization of the so called “deep 
meaning”. According to Gadamer, understanding is a 
universal feature of the whole sphere of the man’s life, 
including any variety of science” [1, p. 210]. В понимании и постижении сущности метафорических 
образований раскрываются ранее не раскрытые 
смыслы, возможные подтексты, зашифрованные 
идеи. Understanding and realizing the essence of 
metaphors cast light on hidden meanings, possible implications and encoded ideas. Таким образом, возникает новая информация. This way there appears the 
new information. Besides, historico-cultural situation, 
in which the text is created, is unique and inimitable, 
that is why the text and all of its elements will certainly 
be auxiliary components in understanding the peculiarities of the culture in a definite period. “Language is 
so much inseparable from the conditions of man’s existence, that it (language) is always taken into consideration in any possible attempt to characterize the 
man’s essence. It is difficult to imagine forms of the 
man’s conscious behavior without noticeable participation of a language factor” [5, p. 104]. Language units 
appear as a system of meanings, which are language 
conception, formed from the world’s conception, which 
was revealed by means of interaction of all the man’s 
views of the world. “The man is a living system, a unity 
functions. One of the significant functions is of special 
importance for the present investigation; the function 
is the conveying implicit information, which contains 
 
 
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Метафорическая интепретация социокультурных процессов в России 20-21 вв.  
 
«А если вечер – пойдем на дансинг, в клуб, 
definite meanings, important ideas, author’s intentions. Decoding metaphor constructions (or interpreting metaphor images) reveals these meanings, ideas 
and intentions, which the author placed in a metaphor 
construction for a variety of reasons. Within the time 
period under investigation we have determined 8 
groups of metaphor semantic fields, they are: Society 
(social processes), Religion, Person (mood and feelings), Russia (image, situation), Science and Technology, Politics, Finances, Television, Films, Internet. 
Metaphors of Society (social processes)  
semantic field 
где клубятся сугробы света» (“The evening comes 
– let’s go out to a disco, a club, where the smoke of 
light is swirling”) (A. Lavrin) – in the 90s of the 20th c. 
discos were organized in clubs, bars or restaurants 
with a dance floor. It became a tradition for young people to spend weekend nights in clubs, where they 
could drink spirits, dance, meet new people and socialize. There is devastation all around. The interests 
of the youth moved from sport and books to drinking 
spirits and dancing. There is decline of economy, there 
is no job in small towns. 
«На дворе и позор, и разруха, и дележка на 
«Сраженный пулей рэкетира, кооператор 
юных лет» (“Struck by a bullet of a racketeer, a 
young owner of a cooperative store”) (I. Irtenyev) – the 
80s and 90s of the 20th c. are not only the times of 
spiritual and moral decline, but also the periods of a 
widespread crime in Russia. Private and small business enterprises were being organized everywhere. 
However, not every businessman could stay alive. 
Racket, threats, murders in the sphere of private business from Moscow to Vladivostok were actively increasing from 1991 till 1996.   
«То ли это евразийство в нашей булькает 
властном пиру, и поэтому ни телевральщик, ни 
алкаш — поселковый аэд, а мороз, по стеклу рисовальщик, в эту зиму мой добрый сосед». (“Outdoors there is disgrace, devastation, sharing at the imperious feast, and that is why not a TV-liar, not a 
boozer – a village aoidos, but frost, a window glass 
artist, is my kind neighbor this winter”). (I. Lisnyanskaya) – these author’s metaphors reflect the main 
point of transition from one century to another, because the 90s of the 20th century witnessed the decline of culture and morals. The Soviet values were 
lost, and there was not enough time the new ones to 
be formed. By the end of the 90s the Russian society 
had undergone ten years of devastation, decline and 
disgrace. Gradually people understood that there is no 
point in believing television broadcasts. Trust in government was being lost. 
«Тротуары клешами мели... рядом с Блоком 
крови» (Maybe it is European-Asian trend that is gurgling in our blood”) (I. Irtenyev) – European renovation 
of flats, European windows, European style, European 
fashion, European boutique are the new concepts of 
the 90s of the 20th c., which have been strongly consolidated in the minds of Russians to this day. Although not all the western values were accepted by 
Russian people, but enough of them to make people 
lose part of national self-identity and borrow alien cultural traditions, alien attitudes to life, alien understanding of the world.  
«Нас диктатура так же пучит, как нашу 
пришпилены были к обоям переснятые Йоко и 
Джон, Ринго с Полом» (“They were sweeping pavements with their bell-bottomed trousers… next to Blok 
there were pictures of Yoko and John, Ringo with Paul, 
pinned to the wallpapers”) (T. Kibirov) – “The Beatles” 
band, loved by all generations of Russians. The members of the band, even after its break-up, were not less 
popular or respected as the great A. Blok and other 
classics. The Music of John Lennon, Ringo Starr and 
Paul McCartney was popular with a good few of Russian young people at the end of 20th c. and at the beginning of 21st c. In the 80s and 90s of the 20th c. it was 
common for young people to decorate their rooms with 
posters of their favourite singers. Bell-bottomed trousers – were a fashion trend of men’s and women’s 
clothes in the middle and at the end of the 20th century.  
землю пучит газ; она корежит наши лица и 
отравляет мирный труд» (“Dictatorship swells us 
like gas swells our land; our faces are writhing with it, 
and peaceful labor gets poisoned with it”) (D. Bykov) – 
in the sphere of extracting natural resources Russia is 
one of the richest countries of the world. Thus, in volumes of gas production Russia shares the first place 
only with the USA. The poet compares abundance of 
gas with the excess in dictatorship in Russia, thus 
complaining that there is too much dictatorship in the 
country. Besides, all income from the sale of natural 
 
 
 
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Metaphorical interpretation of sociocultural processes in Russia in the 20th – 21st centuries.  
 
 
resources does not reach the national treasury, but 
gets into the pockets of definite oligarches. 
Metaphors of Russia semantic field 
«Мы заснули довольно великой, а проснусвятой» (The christened world has been surprised, 
that a Catholic Saint, with all his simplicity, came to live 
in our house”) (I. Irtenyev) – as it was mentioned 
above, Russians has got the freedom of choice of spiritual traditions and religion in 1991. Russian women 
got to marry representatives of other countries and religions. This tendency was further given the name of 
“mixed marriages”. Besides, it seems wrong to the author, that there appeared so many confessions in our 
State, he considers that Russia has managed being 
Orthodox for centuries, and there are no valid reasons 
to change something.     
Metaphors of Finances semantic field 
«Гусь, начинённый яблоками, лоснится 
лись дешевой страной» (“We fell asleep being rather great country, but woke up being rather cheap 
one”) (D. Bykov) – the 90s of the 20th c. is the period 
of values decline. Loss of the guiding lines, devastation, crisises, and defaults – all these things replaced 
the achievements of the great Soviet Union. Russia 
entered the 21st century under the conditions of economic, cultural and spiritual decline. It can be even 
said that a rather successful 20th century, which 
passed under the aegis of the USSR, ended in 1991 
with the break-up of the Soviet Union. After that, the 
country started a difficult ten-year way from the 20th to 
the 21st century. 
«Страна глупа, но в ней ума палата; не целишь на имеющем твёрдый достаток столе» 
(“Goose, filled with apples, shines only on a well-to-do 
table”) (I. Lisnyanskaya) – the end of the 20th century 
in Russia is the time of defaults and criseses. Economic difficulties were chasing Russians from 1991 till 
2000 inclusive. Not every Russian, living in the 90s of 
the 20th c., could afford to have delicacies and a wide 
variety of food on a holiday table. For Christmas it was 
common to serve goose, filled with apples, but few 
Russians had such a possibility at that period. 
«Далекий друг, пойми, мой робкий дух смунит слов – но ценит сильный жест; страна бедна 
– однако так богата, что никогда никто ее не 
съест» (“The country is silly, but as wise as Solomon; 
it does not appreciate words – but appreciates a strong 
gesture; the country is poor – however, it is so rich, 
that no one could ever swallow it”) (D. Bykov) – the 
paradox of the situation is that in natural resources 
Russia is one of the richest countries of the world, but 
at the same time, people’s living standards are much 
lower than in the USA, China, European countries and 
others. Besides, in the poem the author raises the 
themes, concerning political leaders, diplomacy problems and tolerant and neutral attitude to African Americans in Russia.    
Metaphors of Religion and Spirituality semantic field 
«Кружатся бабочки, кружатся бабочки 
щает инфляция!» (“My distant friend, try to understand that my timid spirit is confused by inflation!”) (T. 
Kibirov) – inflation as a phenomenon of the Russian 
reality of the 90s of the 20th c. worried every resident 
of the Russian Federation. In a day a thousand bank 
note could turn to hundred roubles, havig lost its nominal value, and the value of common consumer goods 
could get 3 times higher. That could happen during 
one day only. Life in the 90s of the 20th c. can be compared with American roller coasters: you never know 
what side the situation will turn to tomorrow. Besides, 
in the poetic text the author discusses the other difficulties of the given period. 
«А наш как был всю жизнь берёзовый, так 
снега – нежные вестницы русского Рождества...» 
(Butterflies, butterflies of snow, are swirling around – 
delicate heralds of Christmas…”) (I. Lisnyanskaya) – 
by the end of the 90s of the 20th c. it has become an 
established tradition to celebrate Christmas that was 
not common in the Soviet Russia. Besides Christmas, 
the poetess arises the theme of social life tension, putting a rhetorical question – could the Most High have 
forgotten about Russia’s existence?.. The difficulties 
of the 90s have become the prime cause of that. 
«Мир крещёный удивился, как со всею простотой в нашем доме поселился католический 
деревянный и останется» (“Ours has been made of 
birch for ages, and it will remain wooden forever”) (I. Irtenyev) – people call rouble wooden, because at present it does not have value beyond Russia. Besides, the 
author raises the theme of the shifted values – since the 
90s of the 20th century money and material values have 
occupied the foreground in the lives of Russian people.  
 
 
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Метафорическая интепретация социокультурных процессов в России 20-21 вв.  
 
Politics (state system, political figures, and international relationships) 
This semantic field is revealed in a number of 
Lisnyanskaya) – the 90s of the 20th century are the 
period of cultural and moral decline. The Soviet principles were lost, and the new ones were not formed. 
Russian society experienced the ten years of devastation, decline and disgrace.  
«Об этом, брат, написаны тома: в других 
texts, the themes of which are problems connected 
with Caucasia and Chechnya war in the 90s of the 
20th c.: «Военным железом звеня, не в Абхазии, 
так в Карабахе каждый день убивают меня» (“Jingling with military iron, if not in Abkhazia, then in 
Karabakh, they are killing me every day”) (B. Chichibabin). 
«Злой Кавказ кусает удила, имамов грозных дух в нем снова закипает и терпкой коноплей 
джигитов окрыляет». (“Wicked Caucasia is taking 
the bit between her teeth; the spirit of menacing imams 
is boiling with her and lends wings to Caucasian horsemen by rough cannabis”) (T. Kibirov). 
«Мир тебе, неразумный чеченец, с загокраях меняется погода, а здесь полгода – русская 
зима, и страх перед зимой – еще полгода» 
(Brother, this fact is described in books volumes: in 
other regions the weather is changing, but here the 
winter lasts for half of the year, and for the other half – 
the fear of winter) (D. Bykov) – in addition to social inconveniences, crisises, and economic frailty, the Russian winter, being long, cold, and dark, cannot by anyway make Russian people feel better. Perhaps, all the 
political, economic and cultural transformations, the 
lack (loss) of the social guarantees made the society 
sullen, and gloomy face has become one of the main 
features of the contemporary Russians, taking into 
consideration that the generation, brought up and 
grown in the USSR, was characterized by cheerfulness and optimism.  
Metaphors of Science and technology (transportation) semantic field 
«Вот мчится по дорожке нашей узкой житовленной парою фраз улетающий в рай подбоченясь» (“May, you, foolish Chechen, rest in peace, 
having a couple of words ready, flying to heaven with 
your arms akimbo”) (D. Bykov) – the difficult military 
situation in Caucasia and Central Asia in the period 
from the 90s of the 20th century till present is becoming the theme of the Russian poetry. Chechen war has 
claimed thousands of lives. Many people have got 
physical and psychological injuries forever. At that 
time the Russian government was corrupt, it was neither wise, nor competent, and because of that one of 
the cruelest and bloodiest wars of the end of the 20th 
century was unleashed.  
«Сидят они, ребята, холёные тела» 
гуль-девятка. Эх, девятка-птица!» (“Here is 
Zhigul-nine, rushing on the road. Oh! Nine is the bird!”) 
(T. Kibirov) – the popular in Russia “Zhiguli” automobile number 9 is as symbolic for the end of the 20th 
century as three horses harnessed to a carriage – for 
the end of the 19th century.   
«Не лучше ль вспомнить о прогрессе, что 
всем нам обновляет путь на шестисотом 
«мерседесе», который плоть его и суть» (“Isn’t it 
better to think about the progress, that renews our 
way, driving the six hundredth Mercedes, which is its 
body and essence”) (I. Irtenyev) – the standards of 
success in the 90s of the 20th c. were crimson jackets 
and Mercedes 600. Every successful businessman, 
who managed to survive, having settled matters with 
racketeers, possessed those things of well-being.   
Metaphors of Television, Films, Internet semantic 
(“There they are sitting, the guys, well-groomed bodies”) (I. Irtenyev) – in any period of time the representatives of the government agencies were different from 
the common people of the middle class. There was 
some kind of resistance between them, which was especially noticeable in the difficult life periods of the 
country. The 90s of the 20th century are such period. 
That is why the government and the elite were being 
criticized more actively than ever: the country experiences the devastation and disorder, whereas “the ruling bosses” rest in the laurels and peacefully sleep at 
the meetings of the State Duma not feeling confused. 
field 
Metaphors of Person (person’s mood and feelings) 
«Мы росли, в голубом и улыбчивом свете 
semantic field 
«Рвется жизнь по всем возможным швам» 
(“The life is bursting at the all possible seams”) (I. 
«Огоньков», «Кабачков», КВН. … дети страшненьких лет забуревшей России, Фантомасом 
взращенный помет» (“We were growing up in the 
 
 
 
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blue and smiling light of “Ogonyok”, “Kabachok”, KVN. 
… the children of ugly years of the errogant Russia, 
the brood, nurtured by Fantomas”) (T. Kibirov) – TV 
shows, called “Ogonyok” (“The Little Blue Light”) and 
KVN (“Club of the Funny and Inventive (people)”) were 
still broadcast by Russian television channels in the 
90s of the 20th c., whereas “Kabachok” (“The little 
Pub”) was left in the 80s of the 20th c. Besides, it is 
worth noticing that the Russian audience’s love for 
French films stayed the same.  
«И вот уже благодаря у-шу китаец совладал с нечистой силой по НТВ… Помнишь?», 
«Утренней почты» воскресные звуки, ждешь, 
что будет в конце» (And now, thanks to wushu, the 
Chinese man defeated the evil spirit on NTV… Remember?”, “sunday sounds of “Utrennyaya Pochta”, 
you are in expectation of what will be shown in the 
end”) (T. Kibirov) – favourite heroes of action films of 
the 90s of the 20th c. were Jackie Chan and Bruce 
Lee. The films, starring them, were often broadcast by 
many channels, because Russians respected them 
and admired the fighting skills of popular Chinese actors. The ability to run on the walls or levitate seemed 
incredibly thrilling to the audience, that is why films, in 
which they played roles, were loved by children and 
adults. Since in the first half of the 90s of the 20th c. 
there was not MTV channel on television of the Russian Federation, the audience was waiting for the new 
music videos and watched them, shown by 
“Utrennyaya Pochta” (“The Morning Mail”) broadcast. 
“Watching” music is one more television novelty of the 
90s of the 20th c.  
Conclusions 
Transition periods at the turn of the century are especially strained at all the levels of government development. Culture, politics, society, science, and economy – all 
spheres of life undergo changes. The period from the end 
of the 20th century up to the beginning of the 21st century 
is the period of transition and transformation; however, it is 
overshadowed by regression, decline and loss of many 
values of the Soviet period; that was brightly reflected in 
metaphor constructions of the poetic texts, written in this 
period. Metaphor construction is a unique element of poetry; it gives additional, sometimes cultural, information, 
and reveals author’s conception, perception and view of 
the world. Contents of metaphor are revealed by means of 
semantic classification of the groups of metaphor fields. 
Author’s conception, as it was mentioned above, expresses his interaction with the world, peculiarities of his 
personality and manifestations; that allows us to investigate a human factor in language. Language is a mirror of 
culture, the reflection of author’s conception of the world. 
Language units, as the system of meanings, represent 
language conception, which has been formed by the conception, created by means of interaction of all kinds of 
man’s understanding of the world. Conception of the world 
is reflected in author’s original metaphor. Metaphor is the 
source for the investigation of the peculiarities of sociocultural reality at the end of the 20th century; that is of some 
importance for creating the general language conception 
of a definite period and culture. Poetic images and author’s 
original metaphors represent the environment for the author’s existence. The essence of a poetic metaphor lies in 
author’s understanding of the world, in the context of a poetry text. Every time period is characterized by a definite 
metaphorical peculiarity and the original meaning content. 
Metaphor is the core of a poet’s system of images, and the 
core reflects metaphorical view of the world. Metaphors 
not only reveal author’s idea and the essence of events 
and concepts, fulfill aesthetic function, but also transmit the 
implicit shades of meanings, and in some cases convey 
the subtext. By means of interpreting metaphor images we 
have determined the semantic fields, representing sociocultural environment of Russia at the end of the 20th – 
the beginning of the 21st century. Formation of the semantic fields of metaphors contained in poetic texts allowed us 
to reveal the main cultural dominants, conveyed by metaphorical images. That gave us the possibility to determine 
the specific character of the sociocultural actuals of Russia 
in the time periods under investigation. With the help of interpretation of metaphor formations we have represented 
sociocultural events of the Russian history and culture at 
the turn of the century. The peculiarities of the culture and 
the main values of the society have been demonstrated. 
Metaphor constructions transmit culture of different nations and countries. Thus, deconstruction of metaphor formations in poetic texts of a definite period makes it possible to reveal the hidden meaning, key ideas, ideals, and 
cultural values, and to interpret them in the sociocultural 
context. The metaphors under analyses and their interpretations allowed us to demonstrate cultural and historical 
events happened in Russia at the turn of the century. 
 
 
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