Higher Education in Russia and abroad. Высшее образование в России и за рубежом

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации  

НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ 

 
 
 
 
М.В. ГОРДИЕНКО, Е.С. РАХМЕТОВА,  
Н.А. СМАКОТИНА 
 
 
 
HIGHER EDUCATION  
IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD 
 
ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ  
В РОССИИ И ЗА РУБЕЖОМ 
 
 
Утверждено  
Редакционно-издательским советом университета  
в качестве учебного пособия 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
НОВОСИБИРСК 
2020 

ББК 81.432.1-7-923 
   Г 682 
 
 
Рецензенты: 

И.В. Лисица, канд. филол. наук, доцент 
О.Г. Орлова, д-р филол. наук, профессор 
 
 
Гордиенко М.В. 
Г 682  
Higher Education in Russia and abroad. Высшее образование в 
России и за рубежом: учебное пособие / М.В. Гордиенко,  
Е.С. Рахметова, Н.А. Смакотина. – Новосибирск: Изд-во НГТУ, 
2020. – 188 с. 

 
ISBN 978-5-7782-4154-1 

Учебное пособие «Higher Education in Russia and abroad» предназначено 
для студентов первого курса, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки 
13.03.01 – «Теплоэнергетика и теплотехника», 13.03.02 – «Электроэнергетика и 
электротехника», 15.03.04 – «Автоматизация технологических процессов и 
производств». 19.03.04 «Технология продукции и организация общественного 
питания: профиль: Технология и организация ресторанного сервиса», 38.03.02 
«Менеджмент: профиль: Менеджмент в индустрии питания». 
Целью пособия является формирование иноязычной коммуникативной 
компетенции на основе заданного ситуативно-ориентированного контекста. 
Пособие состоит из трёх модулей-разделов: Образование в Великобритании, 
образование в США, образование в России. 
Каждый раздел пособия содержит тематические текстовые материалы и 
разработанный к ним комплекс заданий, нацеленный на развитие языковых, 
речевых и коммуникативных умений и навыков. Изучение тематического 
материала завершается выполнением заданий творческого характера в устной 
или письменной форме. Учебное пособие может использоваться как в аудиторном режиме работы, так и в самостоятельной работе обучающихся.  
 
Работа выполнена на кафедре иностранных языков НГТУ 
  
 
ББК 81.432.1-7-923 
 
 
ISBN 978-5-7782-4154-1 
© Гордиенко М.В., Рахметова Е.С.,  
 
    Смакотина Н.А., 2020 
 
© Новосибирский государственный  
 
    технический университет, 2020 

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ 
 
Предисловие ............................................................................................................. 4 

Module 1. Higher Education in Great Britain ....................................................... 5 

Text A. Universities ............................................................................................. 5 
Text B. The growth of higher education ............................................................ 16 
Text C. The Open University ............................................................................. 22 
Text D. Types of Universities ............................................................................ 27 
Text E. What’s a University Education Worth? ................................................. 34 
Text F. Cambridge University may end handwritten exams .............................. 41 

Module 2. Higher Education in the USA ............................................................. 53 

Text A. More than 2,2 Million Students Took SAT, Most Ever ........................ 53 
Text B. The Higher education system of the United States  
an informal configuration of varied institutions .................................. 63 
Text C. College Ratings: How Helpful Are They? ............................................ 74 
Text D. US Higher Education. Flexibility and choice in degree studies ............ 85 
Text E. US colleges Seek to Change the Shape of Higher Education ................ 95 
Text F. College Success: Helping Others to Help Yourself ............................. 106 
Text G. Dorm Life Can Be the Biggest Classroom .......................................... 115 

Module 3. Higher Education in Russia .............................................................. 123 

Text A. Levels of Higher Education in Russia ................................................. 123 
Text B. Higher Education: new architecture .................................................... 132 
Text C. Top 10 Universities in Russia 2019 ..................................................... 144 
Text D. The Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech) .......... 159 
Text E. Leasure activities ................................................................................. 169 

Appendix 1. Speaking Tips .................................................................................... 179 

Appendix 2. Writing Tips ...................................................................................... 183 

Список источников .............................................................................................. 187 

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Учебное пособие Higher Education in Russia and abroad предназначено для студентов первого курса, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки 13.03.01 – «Теплоэнергетика и теплотехника», 
13.03.02 – «Электроэнергетика и электротехника», 15.03.04 – «Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств». 19.03.04 «Технология продукции и организация общественного питания: профиль: 
Технология и организация ресторанного сервиса», 38.03.02 «Менеджмент: профиль: Менеджмент в индустрии питания». Цель пособия – 
формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции на основе 
заданного ситуативного контекста. 
Пособие состоит из трёх модулей: Module I. Higher Education in 
Great Britain, Module II. Higher Education in the USA, Module III. Higher 
Education in Russia. 
Содержание модулей разработано на основе аутентичных текстов, 
представленных на английских и американских сайтах и в учебниках. 
Тексты подобраны по тематическому принципу и предназначены для 
развития различных видов чтения (изучающего, просмотрового, 
поискового). Тематика текстов охватывает разнообразный спектр 
вопросов, связанных с проблемами высшего образования, позволяет 
повысить мотивацию овладения английским языком. Каждый раздел 
включает основой тематический текст, снабженный словарем, и блоком языковых, речевых, коммуникативных заданий творческого дискуссионного характера. Языковые задания построены на основе 
лексики по теме высшее образование, общеупотребительных слов и 
словосочетаний, овладение которыми позволяет обучающимся вести 
беседу на общеразговорные и социокультурные темы. Коммуникативные задания каждого раздела модуля направлены на развитие 
познавательной и творческой активности, навыков критического 
мышления обучающихся. 
Большая часть заданий предполагает интерактивный режим 
выполнения. Материалы учебного пособия были апробированы и 
успешно использованы в работе со студентами I курсов НГТУ данных 
направлений подготовки. Пособие можно использовать как в аудиторной так и самостоятельной работе студентов. 

Module1 

 

 

HIGHER EDUCATION  
IN GREAT BRITAIN 

 

TEXT A  
UNIVERSITIES 

 Before reading: 

 I. TRUE / FALSE: Read the headline. Guess if 1-7 below 
are true (T) or false (F). 
1. Students who are older than 25 can’t study at the university. T/F 
2. The training grounds for medicine, law or engineering in Britain tend 
to be the ancient universities. T/F 

3. After leaving school student can’t take the gap year. T/F 
4. Higher Education in the UK is free for everybody. T/F 
5. Universities traditionally offer cheap and clean accommodation in 
halls of residence. T/F 
6. Prospective university students expect a rich and varied social  
life. T/F 
7. In Britain, university students are expected to present a subject 
perhaps once a term and comment on it in tutorials. T/F 
 

 Read the text:  

 

 

Universities 

Cairo, Bologna, and Paris have been offering them the longest. What am 
I talking about? A university education, of course. So who goes to 
university and what do they get out of their experience?  
Admission  
Most universities don't let just anyone in. Grades in the subjects you 
take in the final years of secondary education are what usually count and in 
many countries people also have to do an entry test. While most participants 
in higher education are in the 18–25 age group, some people choose to take 
a break from work later on in life and opt for the role of mature student, 
bringing experience of work and the real world to their studies.  

Which one to go to  
In many countries there is a pecking order to the universities, with a few 
high status institutions at the top turning out an intellectual elite and 
attracting the best minds in teaching and research. Take a quick name check 
of the leading writers, politicians or scientists in the UK or the USA and you 
should find the majority chose to spend their student years sitting in the 
dining halls and libraries of Oxford and Cambridge or Harvard, Princeton 
and Yale. The training grounds for medicine, law or engineering in Britain 
tend to be the metropolitan „redbrick‟ universities slightly lower down  
the list.  
Money 
When entrance was restricted to a lucky few in Britain, the state actually 
paid the sons and daughters of the middle classes not only their tuition fees 
but also a yearly grant towards living expenses as well. These days most 
European and North American students are given a loan which they have to 
pay back to the government once they are in full-time employment, or they 
finance themselves by working their way through college with part-time 
jobs in the evenings or at weekends.  
Where to live  
For the majority of students, attending a university in a town or city near 
to where they live is the only financially viable option, but in Britain for 
many years going to university meant leaving home, with all the freedom 
and independence that implied. Universities traditionally offer cheap and 
clean accommodation in halls of residence or student houses. After a year or 
so, many students opt to share private rented accommodation outside the 
university, which often pushes their culinary and hygiene skills to the limit. 
Year out  
These days if you haven’t taken time off between finishing school and 
embarking on higher education, you haven’t really lived. The gap year can 
be devoted to working for charities in different parts of the world, or simply 
to travelling, but it can at least concentrate the mind and perhaps give you a 
few more ideas about what you should do with the rest of your life. If you 
want to study abroad, you can often get a year out as part of a language 
course, or enter a scholarship programme such as Erasmus to support you 
while studying at a foreign university. Business or management students 
often devote time away from university in the form of a work placement, to 
help them gain practical experience in a professional environment. 

Teaching & learning  
A common feature of any university is attending lectures, which 
involves taking notes while a lecturer, a university teacher, is speaking to a 
large group of students. In Britain, you are also expected to present a subject 
perhaps once a term and comment on it in tutorials. These are small group 
discussions led by a lecturer at which closer analysis of a particular area is 
undertaken. Science-oriented courses also involve practical lessons and field 
trips which enable students to get to grips with their chosen course of study 
in the laboratory or beyond the university walls. 
How you are doing 
As at school, progress is measured by examinations, either divided into 
Parts I & II, or taken at the end of the course, and known as Finals. 
Alternatively, it can be based on continuous assessment and coursework. An 
important component of most systems is the extended dissertation, a piece of 
writing measured by the number of words a student has to produce, say 
10,000. This must be based on some original research from primary as well as 
secondary sources and on some sort of gathering and interpretation of data. 

Social life  
There is an old saying that „all work and no play makes Jack a dull 
boy‟, and prospective students expect a rich and varied social life. 
Friendships forged in the student union bar or in the many and varied clubs 
& societies that exist at most universities may last a lifetime. In the USA 
fraternities & sororities encourage a similar bond. 
Life after university  
Well before the graduation ceremony, when students queue up to 
receive their degrees from the Chancellor of the university at a special 
ceremony, the careers office has been busy assessing future graduates for 
the kind of employment paths they should take by giving them an aptitude 
test, arranging interviews, company presentations and recruitment fairs. For 
those attracted by the academic life, there are further opportunities for study 
on Masters and Doctorate (PhD) programmes and on into further research 
and teaching. 
And what does university education all add up to?  
This was the opinion of Theodore Roosevelt, a former US American 
President – A man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight 

car; but if he has a university education he may steal the whole railroad.  
Or is it as an American journalist, Sydney Harris, said? – The primary 
purpose of a liberal education is to make one's mind a pleasant place in 
which to spend one's time. 
 

 After reading: 

 

 II. Answer the following questions: 
1) How to enter a university? 
2) Which one to go to? 
3) Where to get money for university entrance? 
4) Where can the students live while studding at the university? 
5) What is a gap year? 
6) What is the procedure of university study? 
7) What does the life after university look like? 
8) How is the progress of university study measured? 
9) What can you say about social life at university? 
10) What does university education all add up to? 
 

 III. For each section, match the words taken from the text  
(in the box at the top) with the definitions below 
 

aptitude test 
clubs and societies
continuous assessment 

degree 
dissertation
Doctorate

entry test 
field trip
finals

Fraternities &sororities
gap year
grades

grant 
halls of residence
intellectual elite

lecture 
Masters
pecking order

Private rented 
accommodation 

recruitment fairs
redbrick universities

scholarship programme
student houses
student union bar

subjects 
tuition fees
tutorial

work placement 
working your way through
college 

Admission 
1. an examination to see if you are good enough to go to university   
2. areas of knowledge you study at school   
3. a number or letter to symbolize how well you have done in an exam    

Which one to go to  
4. learning institutions built later than Oxford or Cambridge  
5. hierarchy   
6. the best minds in the country    

Money  
7. money given by the state to help for e.g. education  
8. money you pay for a university course   
9. paying for your education by being employed while you are studying    

Where to live  
10. houses bought by the university and rented to their students  
11. houses rented to anyone   
12. communal accommodation built by university    

Year out  
13. a year between school and university when you don’t study  
14. a temporary position with a company to gain employment experience  
15. money from a private organisation to help with the cost of study    

Teaching & learning  
16. study away from the classroom often to collect data or samples  
17. small group lesson based on discussing an area or problem   
18. lesson in the form of a formal speech using notes and visual aids    

How you are doing 
19. a long, structured piece of writing exploring a subject in detail  
20. examinations at the end of a course   
21. evaluating pieces of work during the course   

Social life 
22. organisations run by and for students to develop different interests 
23. a place for students to have a drink 
24. student membership organisations in the USA