Английский язык : Грамматика для инженеров-металлургов. Ч. 1

№ 1906

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

Кафедра русского и иностранного языков и литературы

Е.В. Ильченко

Английский язык

Грамматика для инженеровметаллургов

Учебное пособие

Часть 1

Рекомендовано редакционноиздательским
советом университета

Москва   Издательский Дом МИСиС
2009

УДК 811.111 
 
И45 

Р е ц е н з е н т  
канд. филол. наук, доц. Т.А. Булановская 

Ильченко Е.В. 
И45  
Английский язык: Грамматика для инженеров-металлургов: 
Учеб. пособие. Ч. 1. – М.: Изд. Дом МИСиС, 2009. – 127 с. 

Пособие предназначено для студентов инженерных специальностей, начинающих и продолжающих обучение грамматике английского языка, и может быть использовано на начальном и среднем уровне владения языком. 

© Государственный технологический  
университет «Московский институт 
стали и сплавов» (МИСиС), 2009 

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ 

Chapter 1...................................................................................................4 
Unit 1. Грамматическая тема 1. Артикли. Артикли с именами 
существительными нарицательными. Артикли с именами 
собственными. Артикли с абстрактными существительными.........4 
Unit 2. Грамматическая тема 2. Степени сравнения 
прилагательных и наречий.................................................................11 
Unit 3. Грамматическая тема 3. Множественное число 
существительных. Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые 
существительные. Артикли с исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми 
существительными .............................................................................18 
Грамматическая тема 4. Present Simple and Present 
Continuous............................................................................................27 
Unit 4. Грамматическая тема 5. Some, any, no, every.......................41 
Chapter 2.................................................................................................45 
Unit 1. Грамматическая тема 6. Present Perfect, Present Perfect 
Continuous............................................................................................45 
Unit 2. Грамматическая тема 7. Past Tenses (Simple, Continuous, 
Perfect). Сравнительное употребление прошедших времен...........59 
Unit 3. Грамматическая тема 8. Future Tenses (Simple, 
Continuous, Perfect). Формы будущего времени в придаточных 
времени и условия ..............................................................................79 
Unit 4. Грамматическая тема 9. Модальные глаголы  
со значением возможности (способности, умения)  
и разрешения / запрещения................................................................92 
Chapter 3.................................................................................................96 
Unit 1. Грамматическая тема 10. Модальные глаголы  
со значением долженствования.........................................................96 
Unit 2. Грамматическая тема 11. Модальные глаголы  
со значением предположения / догадки .........................................103 
Unit 3. Грамматическая тема 12. Страдательный залог ................107 
Unit 4. Грамматическая тема 13. Косвенная речь..........................117 
Библиографический список.................................................................126 
 

CHAPTER 1 

Unit 1. Грамматическая тема 1. Артикли. Артикли 
с именами существительными нарицательными. 
Артикли с именами собственными. Артикли 
с абстрактными существительными 

Ех. 1.  
a) Не переводя предложения на русский язык, проанализируйте виды существительных и определите виды артикля. Заполните таблицу (см. предложение 1). 

Исчисляемые 
Лимитирующий фактор
Неисчисляемые 
ед. 
мн. определение 

контекст

ситуация 
нет

Артикль
a / an
the 
Ø 

Предложение 

1 2 1 2 1 2
1
2
1 2 1
2 1 2
1 
2

1 В порт1 прибыл пароход2. 
 
√ √
√
 
 √ the a

2 Парoход1 уже прибыл. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

3 Письмо1 уже получено. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

4 Вчера я получил письмо1 
от родителей. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

5 Роман1 мне понравился, 
а рассказ2 – нет. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

Это роман1 Диккенса. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

Это длинный, скучный и 
трудный роман1. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

6 

Мне было трудно прочитать 
роман1. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

7 Музей1 открыт с 8 до 10. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

8 Я прочитал книгу1, которую 
ты мне дал.  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

9 Дай мне книгу1 почитать. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

10 Эта книга1 – короткая. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

11 Это интересная книга1. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

12 Это короткая книга1. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

13 Эти комнаты1 чистые. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

14 Это хорошая комната1. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

15 Не закрывайте, пожалуйста, 
книги1. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

16 – Где белая тетрадь1? 
– Она под столом2. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

17 Он учитель1. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

18 В комнате стол1, шесть 
стульев и кресла2. Стол1 желтый, а стулья2 коричневые. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

19 Дайте мне, пожалуйста, красный карандаш1, а не синий 
(карандаш2). 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

20 Это вода1 в стакане2? 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

21 Дайте мне воды1. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

22 Ночью собаки1 любят смотреть на луну2. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

23 Какого цвета пол1 в твоей 
комнате? 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

24 Где мел1? 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

25 У меня есть мама1 и папа2. 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 

б) Переведите эти предложения. 

Ex. 2. Закончите предложения, используя слова из списка. Где 
это необходимо, добавьте артикли. Могут быть использованы не 
все слова. 
Accommodation, advice, behaviour, bread, chaos, experience, furniture, hair, information, luggage, money, news, paper, permission, progress, scenery, traffic, travel, trouble, weather, work. 
1. Carla's English has improved. She has made … . 
2. If you want to leave early, you have to ask for … . 
3. The weather is beautiful. You say: What … ! 
4. George is unemployed at the moment. He is looking for … . 
5. I didn't know what to do. So I asked Jack for … . 
6. We haven't got anywhere to live. We're looking for … . 
7. I don't think Ann will get the job. She hasn't got … . 
8. You’ll easily recognise Alan. He's got green … . 
9. I want to write down your address. Have you got …? 
10. They'll tell you everything. They'll give you plenty of … . 
11. You are standing at the top of a mountain. You can see a very long 
way. It is lovely. You say: What … ! 
12. Your friends have just arrived at the station. You can 't see any 
suitcases or bags. You say: Have you got … ? 

Ex. 3. Поставьте а или an перед существительным. 

a Frenchman an Englishman
 
German 
 
book 
 
uninteresting 
lesson 
 
honest man 
 difficult 
exercise 

 
apple  
 
union 
 
easy lesson 
 
good lesson 
 bad lesson 

umbrella 
 
banana 
 
very easy lesson  
important 
lesson 
 old house 

 
orange 
 
horse  
 
late class 
 
unimportant 
lesson 
 French book

 
elephant 
 
egg 
 
early class 
 
very early 
class 
 university 

 
argument 
 
hour 
 
expensive car 
 
interesting 
lesson 
 automobile 

 
house 
 
article  
 
nice girl 
 
excellent 
teacher 
 big house 

 
friend  
 
idea 
 
English book 
 
cheap car 
 island 

Ex. 4. Выберите правильный вариант. 
1. All you need now is … experience. Then you’ll be able to get … job. 
 
• a, Ø 
• an, a 
• Ø, a 
2. He's … lawyer. 
 
• a 
• an 
• Ø 
3. How can I get … experience if I can’t get … job? 
 
• a, Ø 
• an, a 
• Ø, a 
4. I bought … paper to see who had won the match. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
5. I'm … teacher. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
6. Paper is made from … wood. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
7. She's … nurse. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
8. Someone threw … stone at the speaker. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
9. That's … door. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
10. That's … umbrella. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
11. That's … camera. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
12. The boy is … university student. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
13. The garden wall was made of … stone, not … concrete. 
 
• a, a 
• an, Ø 
• Ø, Ø 
14. These are … pencils. 
 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 

15. These toys are made of … wood, not … plastic. 
 
• a, a 
• an, Ø 
• Ø, Ø 
16. They're … students. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
17. This is … match. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
18. This is … overcoat. 
 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
19. Those are … apples. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
20. Those are … old books. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
21. Those are … matches. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 
22. Those are … dresses. 
 
• a, Ø 
• a, a 
• Ø, Ø 
23. We need … help. Could you give us … hand? 
 
• a, Ø 
• an, a 
• Ø, a 
24. We picnicked in … wood. 
 
• а 
• an 
• Ø 

Ex. 5. Кто / что это? Закончите предложения. 
Example: an ant? It is an insect. 
1. Butterflies? Mosquitoes? They are … . 
2. A potato? It's … . 
3. A sparrow? It’s … . 
4. A rose? It’s … . 
5. A skyscraper? It’s … . 
6. Mozart? He was … . 
7. Pele? He was … . 
8. Shakespeare? He was … . 
9. Marilyn Monroe? She was … . 
10. Earth, Mars, Venus, Jupiter? They are … . 
11. The Volga, The Nile, The Mississippi? They are … . 
12. Beethoven, Bach? They were … . 
13. Kennedy, Clinton, Nixon? They were … . 
14. Elvis Presley, John Lennon? They were … . 

Ex. 6. Выберите правильный вариант. 
1. I'm looking for … job. 

• a 
• the • Ø 
2. Would you like … apple? 
 
• a 
• the • Ø 
3. Could you close … door, please? 
 
• a 
• the • Ø 
4. Have you finished with … book I lent you last week? 
 
• a 
• the • Ø 
5. This is a nice house. Has it got … garden? 
 
• a 
• the • Ø 
6. This morning I had … boiled egg and toast for breakfast. 
 
• a 
• the • Ø 
7. I went into the shop and asked to speak to … manager. 
 
• a 
• the • Ø 
8. There's no need to buy any milk … milkman brings it every morning. 
 
• a 
• the • Ø 
9. Did Ann get … job she applied for? 
 
• a 
• the • Ø 
10. It was warm and sunny, so we decided to sit in … garden. 
 
• a 
• the • Ø 
11. … youngest girl has just started going to … school; … eldest girl is 
at … college. 
 
• the, Ø, the, Ø 
• the, a, the, a • a, Ø,an, Ø • a, the, the, a 
12. After … lunch, we went for a walk by … sea. 
 
• Ø, Ø 
• Ø, the  • the, Ø • the, the 
13. Did you see the film on … television or at … cinema? 
 
• Ø, the 
• the, a 
• Ø, Ø • the, the 
14. Do you happen to know … time? – Yes, … clock in … living room 
has just struck eleven.  
 
• the, a, the • Ø, the, a 
• the, the, the 
• Ø, the, the 
15. He got … heart attack and was taken to … hospital.  
 
• the, the 
• a, Ø 
• Ø, Ø 
• a, a 
16. He was sent to … prison for … robbery.  
 
• a, a 
• Ø, Ø 
• the, the 
• Ø, a 
17. I never listen to … radio. In fact I haven't got … radio. 
 
• the, a 
• Ø, the 
• Ø, a 
• a, a 
18. I took … taxi to … station.  
 
• a, a 
• a, the 
• the, the 
• Ø, the 
19. Jack has got … very long legs, so he's … fast runner. 

• a, a 
• the, the 
• Ø, a 
• the, a 
20. Last night we went out for … meal in … restaurant. 
 
• a, a 
• the, the 
• a, Ø 
• the, Ø 
21. Many people go to … work by … train. You can go by … bus too.  
 
• the, a, a  
• Ø, Ø, Ø  
• Ø, Ø, a  
• the, the, the 
22. My parents have to go to … school to talk to … head teacher. 
 
• the, the 
• Ø, a 
• Ø, the 
• Ø, Ø 
23. On … Sundays I usually stay in … bed till … noon. Then I get up 
and go to play … tennis. 
 
• Ø, Ø, Ø, Ø  • Ø, the, the, Ø  • Ø, a, Ø, the  • Ø, the, the, the 
24. The Soviet Union was … first country to send a man into … space. 
 
• a, the 
• Ø, a 
• the, Ø 
• the, the 
25. We don't go to … theatre very much these days. In fact, in … town 
where we live there isn't … theatre. 
 
• the, the, the  • Ø, Ø, a  
• the, the, a  • the, the, Ø 
26. We had … dinner in … restaurant.  
 
• the, the 
• a, a 
• Ø, Ø • Ø, a 
27. We had … meal in … restaurant.  
 
• a, a 
• the, the 
• a, Ø 
• a, the 
28. When we were on holiday, we stayed at … hotel. In the evenings, 
sometimes we had dinner at ... hotel and sometimes in … restaurant.  
 
• a, the, a  
• the, the, the  
• Ø, the, Ø  • Ø, a, Ø 
29. Jane is … teacher. Her parents were … teachers too. 
 
• Ø, Ø 
• a, Ø 
• the, the 
• the, Ø 

Ex. 7. Отметьте правильный вариант. 

I hate … . 
violence 
 
the violence 
 

Don't stay in that hotel ... are very uncomfortable. 
Beds 
 
The beds 
 

crime 
 
the crime 
 
Two of the biggest problems facing our 
society are … and … . 
unemployment 
 
the unemployment 
 

… on the top shelf belong to me. 
All books 
 
All the books 
 

architecture 
 
the architecture 
 
Are you interested in … or … . 
art 
 
the art 
 

Do you know … who live next door? 
people 
 
the people 
 

… War ended in 1945. 
Second World 
 
The Second 
World 
 

Skiing 
 
the skiing 
 
… is my favourite sport but I also like … . 
swimming 
 
the swimming 
 

Life 
 
The life 
 
… would be very difficult without … . 
electricity 
 
the electricity 
 

I know someone who wrote a book about 
… of Gandhi. 
life 
 
the life 
 

They got married but … wasn't successful. 
marriage  
 
the marriage 
 

Most people 
 
The most people 
 

marriage 
 
the marriage 
 

… still believe that … and … are the 
basis of our society. 
family life 
 
the family life 
 

We had a very nice meal in that restaurant. … was especially good. 
Cheese 
 
The cheese 
 

coffee 
 
the coffee 
 
In Britain … is more expensive than … . 
tea 
 
the tea 
 

Women 
 
The women 
 
… are often better teachers than … . 
men 
 
the men. 
 

Look at … on that tree! They're very 
large. 
apples 
 
the apples 
 

… are good for you. 
Apples 
 
The apples 
 

Ex. 8. Вставьте a / an или the. 
1. There was … man and … woman in the room. … man was English 
but …woman looked foreign. She was wearing … fur coat. 
2. This morning I bought … newspaper and … magazine … newspaper 
is in my bag but I don't know where … magazine is. 
3. My parents have … cat and … dog. … dog never bites … cat but … 
cat often scratches … dog. 
4. I saw … accident this morning. …car crashed into … wall. … driver 
of … car was not hurt but … car was quite badly damaged. 
5. When you turn into Bayswater Road, you will see three houses: … 
red one, … blue one and … white one. I live in … white one. 
6. We live in … old house in … middle of the village. There is … beautiful garden behind … house. … roof of house is in very bad condition. 
7. We live in … small flat near … centre of the city. 
8. We went out for … meal last night … restaurant we went to was excellent. 
9. Did … police find … person who stole your bicycle? 
10. As I was walking along the street, I saw … £10 note on … pavement. 
11. “Have you got … car?” “No, I've never had … car in my life.” 

Ex. 9. Выберите один правильный вариант. 
1. All the sentences below use “the”, which one is correct? 
• Can you pass 
the sugar please? 
• The crime is a problem in many big cities. 

• The apples 
are good for 
you. 

• I love the 
skiing.