Иностранный язык профессионального общения

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ 
 
РОСТОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ  
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ (РИНХ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Асланова А.А., Прохорова А.П. 
 
 
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК  
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБЩЕНИЯ 
 
 
Учебное пособие 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ростов-на-Дону 
Издательско-полиграфический комплекс РГЭУ (РИНХ) 
2022 

УДК 811.111(075) 
ББК 81.432.1 
А 90 
 
 
 Асланова, А.А.  
А 90 
 
Иностранный язык профессионального общения : 
учебное пособие / А.А. Асланова, А.П. Прохорова. – 
Ростов-на-Дону : Издательско-полиграфический комплекс 
Рост. гос. экон. ун-та (РИНХ), 2022. – 92 с.  
ISBN 978-5-7972-2983-4 
 
Пособие представляет собой комплексный курс английского языка, 
направленный на развитие навыков устной речи и чтения научной литературы на 
базе знаний, предусмотренных программой по английскому языку для 
магистрантов неязыковых вузов.  
Учебное пособие состоит из модулей. Каждый модуль состоит из нескольких разделов (unit), которые включают профессионально ориентированные 
тексты, систему упражнений по развитию навыков профессионального общения 
на английском языке. Тексты аутентичны и не только представляют интерес с 
языковой точки зрения, но и знакомят студентов со многими понятиями 
экономики, менеджмента, бизнеса, расширяют и углубляют их профессиональные и языковые знания, помогают им овладеть профессиональной 
терминологией. Также представлен грамматический материал, способствующий 
закреплению навыков профессионального общения на английском языке. 
Предназначено для магистрантов, изучающих английский язык профессионального общения по направлениям «Экономика» и «Менеджмент».   
УДК 811.111(075) 
ББК 81.432.1 
 
Рецензенты: 
Володина М.С., к.филол.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков  
ФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»; 
Тунникова В.А., к.филол.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков  
для экономических специальностей ФГБОУ ВО «РГЭУ (РИНХ)». 
 
Утверждено в качестве учебного пособия  
учебно-методическим советом РГЭУ (РИНХ). 
 
 
ISBN 978-5-7972-2983-4 
 Ростовский государственный 
экономический университет (РИНХ), 2022 
 Асланова А.А., Прохорова А.П., 2022 

CONTENTS 
 
MODULE I. Economics as a science.................................................. 4 
Unit 1. What is Economics? .................................................................. 4 
Unit 2. Main types of economic systems ............................................ 14 
 
MODULE II. Management ............................................................... 26 
Unit 1. Management basics ................................................................. 26 
Unit 2. The main functions of a manager ............................................ 34 
Unit 3. Crisis management .................................................................. 42 
 
MODULE III.  My master’s thesis .................................................. 48 
Unit 1. Thesis Format .......................................................................... 48 
Unit 2. My master‘s thesis ................................................................... 51 
  
MODULE IV. Rendering and summary writing ........................... 65 
Unit 1. How to render an article .......................................................... 65 
Unit 2. How to Summarize a text ........................................................ 68 
Unit 3. Texts for reading, rendering and summary writing ................ 73 
 
List of reference ................................................................................. 91 
 
 
 
 
 
 

MODULE I 
Economics as a science 
 
Unit 1. What is Economics? 
 
Key terms: economics, social science, management of a household, 
free market, productive resources, information resources, rational 
human behaviour, needs and wants, surplus, market, incentives, 
scarcity, factors of production, economic activity, opportunity cost, 
minimizing 
costs, 
inflation, 
consumer, 
microeconomics, 
macroeconomics, unemployment, gross domestic product, taxation, 
government expenditures, trade-offs, ―invisible hand‖, competing 
uses, variety of goods and services, production, distribution and 
consumption of goods and services, satisfy wants, needs and desires, 
expenditures. 
 
Ex. 1. Read and translate the text. 
What is Economics? 
 
There's no one universally accepted answer to the question 
―What is economics?‖ Browsing different information resources, you 
will find various answers to that question. Economics may appear to 
be the study of complicated tables and charts, statistics and numbers, 
but, more specifically, it is the study of what constitutes rational 
human behaviour in the endeavour to fulfil needs and wants. 
 
The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek oikonomia, 
the word composed of oikos (―house‖) and nomos ( ―custom‖ or 
―law‖), hence, ―rules of the house (hold)‖. Modern economics began 
in 1776, with the publication of Adam Smith's ―Wealth of Nations‖. 
This was the first comprehensive defence of the free market, and 
continues to be an influential work to this day. Central to the work 

was the concept of the ―invisible hand‖, the idea that the market, while 
appearing chaotic, is actually guided to produce the right amount and 
variety of goods and services. If there are insufficient goods, there will 
be great economic incentives to produce more; if there are surplus 
goods, there will be an economic incentive to produce less or different 
types of goods. Smith's work was so influential that previous tentative 
schools of economics were abandoned after its publication. 
 
Modern definition of economics interprets it as a social science, 
which analyses the production, distribution, and consumption of goods 
and services, studies human behaviour and explains how individuals 
and groups make decisions with limited resources as to best satisfy 
their wants, needs and desires. 
 
Wants and needs refer to people‘s desires to consume certain 
goods and services. In economic terms, a good is a physical object that 
can be purchased. A service is an action or activity done for others for 
a fee. The term product is often used to refer to both goods and 
services. 
 
Economics often uses such categories as factors of production, 
which are basic elements used to produce goods and services. In 
essence, land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship are main 
productive resources. Land represents all natural resources, such as 
timber and gold used in the production of a good. Labour is all of the 
work that labourers and workers perform at all levels of an 
organisation, except for the entrepreneur. The entrepreneur is an 
individual who takes an idea and attempts to make an economic profit 
from it by combining all other factors of production. The entrepreneur 
also takes on all of the risks and rewards of the business. The capital is 
all of the tools and machinery used to produce a good or service. 
 
The need for making choices arises from the problem of scarcity. 
Scarcity exists because people‘s wants and needs are greater than the 
resources available to satisfy them. From here it can be easily 

understood that scarcity is the fundamental economic problem of 
having seemingly unlimited human needs and wants in the world of 
limited resources. Scarcity means that people want more than is 
available. Thus, people must choose how best to use their available 
resources to satisfy the greatest number of wants and needs. Scarcity 
limits us both as individuals and as a society. As individuals, limited 
income (time or ability) keeps us from doing and having all that we 
might like. As a society, limited resources (such as manpower, 
machinery, and natural resources) fix a maximum on the amount of 
goods and services that can be produced. Economics is sometimes 
called the study of scarcity because economic activity would not exist 
if scarcity did not force people to make choices. People must choose 
which of their desires they will satisfy and which they will leave 
unsatisfied. 
 
When there is scarcity and choice, there are costs. The cost of 
any choice is the option or options that a person gives up. Most of 
economics is based on the simple idea that people make choices by 
comparing the benefits of options of different goods and choosing the 
one with the highest benefit. The opportunity cost of a particular 
choice is the satisfaction that would have been derived from the next 
best alternative foregone. It is the cost of any activity measured in 
terms of the value of the best alternative that is not chosen. 
 
Economics is the study of how people choose to allocate scarce 
resources to satisfy their unlimited wants. In the situation of scarce 
resources and unlimited human needs, economics has a very important 
task of minimizing costs while producing different goods and services. 
The main problem in economics is the question of allocating scarce 
resources between competing uses. In this connection very significant 
decisions must be made about three basic economic questions: What 
to produce? For whom to produce? and How to produce? 

What products and services should be produced? In order to 
answer this question we need to determine the needs of individual 
consumers as well as the economy in general. A wide range of goods 
and services needs to be produced in order to cater for many and 
varied needs of consumers. The demand from consumers and 
available resources will normally determine what products and 
services to produce. 
 
How much of each product and service should be produced? The 
amount of each product to produce will be determined by the demand 
for the various products as well as the availability of the resources 
required to produce those goods and services. 
 
For whom should goods and services be produced? The demand 
for goods and services will largely determine for whom they will be 
produced. Goods are therefore produced for those consumers who 
demand the goods, and have the ability to pay for the goods 
demanded. 
 
Two main branches of economics are: microeconomics and 
macroeconomics. 
Microeconomics 
examines 
the 
actions 
of 
individuals and firms, and how they interact. Macroeconomics studies 
the economy at large, examining such phenomena as inflation, 
unemployment and gross domestic product. 
 
No aspect of life is untouched by economics – though it can be 
hard to convey its central importance in human lives. Economics has 
things to say, and to teach, about the importance of education, about 
taxation and government expenditures, about why some companies 
succeed and others go bust. It teaches why some countries grow 
rapidly and others struggle to grow at all. 
 
Ex. 2. Give Russian equivalents of the following words and phrases. 
To allocate scarce resources between competing uses; government 
expenditures; demand from consumers; rational human behaviour in 

the endeavour to fulfil needs and wants; the first comprehensive 
defence of the free market; an economic incentive to produce less or 
different types of goods; production, distribution, and consumption of 
goods and services; to produce the right amount and variety of goods 
and services; inflation; unemployment; gross domestic product; 
taxation; the best alternative foregone; minimizing costs; available 
resources; unlimited human needs and wants; force people to make 
choices; to satisfy wants, needs, and desires; to consume certain goods 
and services. 
 
Ex. 3. Give three forms of the following verbs. Find the sentences 
with these verbs in the text. 
Find, come, begin, be, do, take, make, arise, keep, leave, give, choose, 
have, teach, say, go, grow. 
 
Ex. 4. Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right. 
1 scarcity 
a the study of the way in which money and goods 
are produced and used 
2 consumer 
b a continuing increase in prices, or the rate at 
which prices increase 
3 economics 
c a subject or problem that is often discussed or 
argued about, especially a social or political 
matter that affects the interests of a lot of people 
4 demand 
d a situation in which there is not enough of 
something 
5 distribution 
e the number of people in a particular country or 
area who cannot get a job 
6 inflation 
f a balance between two opposing things that you 
are willing to accept in order to achieve 
something 

7 unemployment g someone who buys and uses products and 
services 
8 issue 
h all the people who live together in one house 
9 costs 
I an advantage, improvement, or help that you get 
from something 
10 GDP 
J the need or desire that people have for particular 
goods and services 
11 trade-off 
k the money that you must regularly spend in order 
to run a business, a home, a car, etc 
12 surplus 
L the act of sharing things among a large group of 
people in a planned way 
13 benefit 
mthe total value of all goods and services produced 
in a country in one year, except for income 
received from abroad 
14 income 
n an amount of something that is more than what is 
needed or used 
15 household 
o the money that you earn from your work or that 
you receive from investments, the government, 
etc. 
 
Ex. 5. Make up verb+noun collocations (there may be several 
variants). 
to satisfy 
scarce resources 
to make 
economics 
to allocate 
answers 
to provide 
wants and needs 
to produce 
tools 
to determine 
products 
to find 
decisions 
to study 
demand for goods 
to design 
goods and services 
to purchase 
rational judgements 

Ex. 6. Choose an appropriate word or phrase to complete the 
following sentences. 
Economic profit, factors of production, fee, goods and services, 
Nations, needs and wants, option or options, products and services, 
resources, unlimited wants. 
1. Economics is the study of what constitutes rational human 
behaviour in the endeavour to fulfil _________. 
2. Modern economics began in 1776, with the publication of Adam 
Smith's Wealth of _________. 
3. Modern definition of economics interprets it as the social science, 
which analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption 
of _________. 
4. A service is an action or activity done for others for a _________. 
5. _________are basic elements used to produce goods and services. 
6. The entrepreneur is an individual who takes an idea and attempts 
to make an _________from it by combining all other factors of 
production. 
7. Scarcity exists because people‘s wants and needs are greater than 
the _________available to satisfy them. 
8. The cost of any choice is the _________that a person gives up. 
9. Economics is the study of how people choose to allocate scarce 
resources to satisfy their _________. 
10. The demand from consumers and available resources will 
normally determine what _________to produce. 
  
Ex. 7. Fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions or adverbs. 
1. Browsing different information resources, you will find various 
answers ______ that question. 
2. Economics is the study ______ what constitutes rational human 
behaviour. 
3. Modern economics began ______ 1776.