Английский язык для бакалавров

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ  
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ 
 
РОСТОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ  
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ (РИНХ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Черемина В.Б., Горячева Е.Д. 
 
 
 
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК 
ДЛЯ БАКАЛАВРОВ 
 
НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ 01.03.05  
«СТАТИСТИКА» 
 
 
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ростов-на-Дону 
Издательско-полиграфический комплекс РГЭУ (РИНХ) 
2021

УДК 811.111 (075) 
ББК 81.432.1 
Ч 46 
 
Черемина, В.Б.  
Ч 46 Английский язык для бакалавров. Направление 01.03.05  
«Статистика» : учебное пособие / В.Б. Черемина, Е.Д. Горячева. – 
Ростов-на-Дону : Издательско-полиграфический комплекс Рост.  
гос. экон. ун-та (РИНХ), 2021. – 124 с. 
 
 
ISBN 978-5-7972-2944-5 
 
 
В учебном пособии представлены аутентичные тексты и задания,  
составленные в соответствии с современными методическими подходами 
на основе оригинальных материалов, которые  содержат необходимую 
лексику и грамматические задания для проверки и закрепления знаний 
слушателей. Учебник состоит из 8 глав, включающих разделы по чтению, 
говорению, грамматике и письму. Каждая глава содержит задания, направленные на формирование компетенций в соответствии с требованиями  
образовательной программы по направлению.  
Предназначено для слушателей бакалавриата направления 01.03.05 
«Статистика». 
УДК 811.111 (075) 
ББК 81.432.1 
 
 
Рецензенты: 
к. ф.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков гуманитарных факультетов 
ИФЖиМКК ЮФУ Ляшенко Е.Н., 
к.ф.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков  
для экономических специальностей РГЭУ (РИНХ) Сагайдачная Е.Н. 
 
 
Утверждено в качестве учебного пособия учебно-методическим советом РГЭУ (РИНХ). 
 
 
 
ISBN 978-5-7972-2944-5 
© Ростовский государственный  
экономический университет  
 
(РИНХ), 2021 
© Черемина В.Б., Горячева Е.Д., 2021

CONTENTS 
 
 
UNIT 1. THE CONCEPT OF STATISTICS .................................... 5 
Vocabulary ........................................................................................... 5 
Reading ................................................................................................. 6 
Grammar. Nominative infinitive construction ................................. 7 
Speaking. Expressing opinion........................................................... 11 
Writing. Simple business letter ........................................................ 12 
Revision. Simple tenses...................................................................... 14 
UNIT 2. STATISTICS AS A SUBJECT ......................................... 15 
Vocabulary ......................................................................................... 15 
Reading ............................................................................................... 16 
Grammar. Objective infinitive construction .................................. 17 
Speaking. The interview .................................................................... 21 
Writing. Producing a CV, references .............................................. 23 
Revision. Continuous tenses ............................................................. 26 
UNIT 3. DATA COLLECTION ....................................................... 28 
Vocabulary ......................................................................................... 28 
Reading ............................................................................................... 29 
Grammar. Participle 1 ...................................................................... 32 
Speaking. Making suggestions .......................................................... 35 
Writing. Covering letter .................................................................... 36 
Revision. Perfect tenses ..................................................................... 40 
UNIT 4. TERMS OF PROVIDING DATA  
AND ITS VOLUME .......................................................................... 42 
Vocabulary ......................................................................................... 42 
Reading ............................................................................................... 43 
Grammar. Participle 2 ...................................................................... 45 
Speaking. Discussing a problem at work ........................................ 48 
Writing. Invitation to the conference .............................................. 50 
UNIT 5. TYPES OF DATA .............................................................. 52 
Vocabulary ......................................................................................... 52 
Reading ............................................................................................... 53 
Grammar. Gerund ............................................................................. 56 
Speaking. Making a presentation ..................................................... 59 
Writing. Enquiry................................................................................ 62 
Revision. Passive voice ...................................................................... 65 

UNIT 6. THEORY OF PROBABILITY ......................................... 67 
Vocabulary ......................................................................................... 67 
Reading ............................................................................................... 68 
Grammar. Comparatives  ................................................................. 71 
Speaking. Holding a meeting  ........................................................... 74 
Writing. Report .................................................................................. 80 
Revision. Conditionals 0 and 1 ......................................................... 81 
UNIT 7. TYPES OF CORRELATION ........................................... 84 
Vocabulary ......................................................................................... 84 
Reading ............................................................................................... 85 
Grammar. Superlatives ..................................................................... 88 
Speaking  ............................................................................................. 90 
Writing. How to write an email (formal) ........................................ 93 
Revision. Second and third conditionals ......................................... 97 
UNIT 8. BAYESIAN APPROACH ................................................ 100 
Vocabulary ....................................................................................... 100 
Reading ............................................................................................. 101 
Grammar. Subordinate and relative clauses ................................ 104 
Speaking ............................................................................................ 107 
Writing .............................................................................................. 113 
Revision. Reported speech .............................................................. 120 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

UNIT 1. THE CONCEPT OF STATISTICS 
 
Comment on the following quote and express your opinion 
 
“There are three types of lies – lies, damn lies, and statistics”  
Benjamin Disraeli 
 
Vocabulary 
 
A. Match the word with the definition. 
 
1 realm 
a a thing or things that are owned by somebody; a possession 
or possessions 
2 survey 
b a number of people or things taken from a larger group and 
used in tests to provide information about the group 
3 property 
c an attempt to do something, especially something new or 
difficult 
4 endeavor 
d the act of examining and recording the measurements, features, etc.  
5 numerical e an area of activity, interest or knowledge 
6 sample 
f expressed in numbers 
 
B. Insert the words from ex. A into the sentences. 
1. The government has decided to collect statistics on 
_____________ the citizens have. 
2. The ___________ for the analysis involves the data obtained 
by holding the questionnaire among young adults. 
3. The __________ method was used to present the findings of 
the research. 
4. The main ___________ of any manufacturing companies is 
the target market. 
5. The ________ will be held to find out the main preferences of 
the target audience. 
6. In the ___________ of statistics one can use different kinds of 
methods to present the data. 
 
C. Translate the sentences into English. 
1. Исследования населения и их собственности начали проводить еще в Древние века. 

2. Зачастую для проведения статистического исследования 
проводится случайная выборка. 
3. Изначально слово «статистика» подразумевало сбор фактов. 
4. Чтобы проанализировать предпочтения возможных потребителей был проведен опрос о сферах интересов жителей района. 
5. В медицинской сфере, как правило, при анализе результатов используется количественный метод. 
6. Статистический анализ включает в себя попытку обобщить данные, собранные в процессе исследования. 
 
Reading 
 
Read the article and match the title with the abstract. One 
title is odd. 
 
A 
Examples of applying statistics to different areas 
B 
Statistics today 
C 
The meaning of the word statistics 
D 
General application of statistics 
E 
Terms used in statistics 
 
The word statistics comes from the Italian word stato which 
means “state”. In addition, statista means a person dealt with 
the affairs of state and statistics initially stood for the collection of facts 
useful to the statista. Statistics in this meaning was used in 16th century 
Italy and then spread to France, Holland, and Germany. Nevertheless, 
the surveys of people and property started in the ancient times. 
Today, statistics does not only deal with information about the 
state but also with every real of human endeavor. Moreover, 
we do not restrict ourselves to collecting numerical information, called 
data. We analyze, display and summarize the data in the meaningful 
way. To do statistical analysis we try to generalize from the data. 
Thus, statistics is the science of inference. The data are used in the inference along with the tools of probability theory and inductive reasoning. The result is an inference from the sample to a general population from which the sample is considered to have been randomly selected. 
1 
 
2  

The population consists of the set of all measurements in 
which the investigator is interested. The population is also 
called the universe. A sample is a subset of measurements selected 
from the population. Sampling from the population is often done randomly such that every possible of n elements will have an equal 
chance of being selected. A sample selected in this way is called a 
simple random sample, or just a random sample.  
Why should we worry about inference and a population? Why 
can‟t we look at our data and interpret them? The mere inspection of data may meet the needs only if you have an interest that 
centers on the particular observation. But if you require more meaningful conclusion with implications extending beyond your limited 
data, statistical inference is the way to do it. There are a few examples 
demonstrating the use of statistical inference in business area. Doing 
marketing research we are usually interested in the connection between sales and advertising. The relationship in the population of advertising and sales possibilities for the firm would let to forecast sales 
for any level of advertising. In pharmaceutical area the results of drug 
tests on a random sample of people may be applied in a statistical inference about the entire population of people who may then use the 
medicine if it‟s introduced.  
 
Grammar 
Nominative infinitive construction 
 
Nominative infinitive construction or Complex subject consists 
of a pronoun (in Nominative case) or a noun and the Infinitive: 
Statistics is considered to be a main assistant in any economic 
activity. 
The complex subject is used with: 
1. Groups of verbs in Passive Voice 
– denoting sense perception (hear, see, notice) 
– denoting mental activity (think, consider, believe, expect, suppose) 
– the verbs (say, speak, report, order, ask, allow) 
2. Word groups (be likely, be sure, be certain, be unlikely) 
3. Group of verbs in Active Voice (seem, appear, chance, happen, 
prove, turn out) 
3  
4  

Forms of the Infinitive used in Nominative infinitive construction. 
 
Active Voice 
Passive Voice 
Explanation 
Simple 
to + V 
to be V-ed/V3 
used to express the present 
and future actions 
Progressive 
to be V-ing 
– 
used to express some process 
Perfect 
to have V-ed/V3 
to have been V-ed/V3 
used to express the past or 
previous actions 
 
A. Read the article and open the brackets. 
John Maynard Keynes __________ (know, be) a British economist whose ideas have been a central influence on modern macroeconomics, both in theory and practice. He advocated interventionist government policy, by which government would use fiscal and monetary 
measures to mitigate the adverse effects of business cycles, economic 
recessions and depressions. The school of thought __________ 
(know) as Keynesian economics, and its various offshoots. 
In the 1930s, Keynes _____________ (report, spearhead) a revolution in economic thinking , overturning the older ideas of neoclassical economics that held that free markets would automatically provide full employments as long as workers were flexible in their wage 
demands. Following the outbreak of World War II Keynes‟s ideas 
concerning policy ______ (say, adopt) by leading western economies. 
During the 1950s and 1960s the success of Keynesian economics 
__________ (appear, be) so resounding that almost all capitalist governments adopted its policy recommendations. 
Keynes‟s influence __________ (turn out, wane) in the 1970s, 
partly as a result of problems that began to afflict the Anglo-American 
economies from the start of the decade, and partly due to critiques 
from Milton Friedman and other economists who were pessimistic 
about the ability of governments to regulate the business cycle with 
fiscal policy. However, the advent of the global financial crisis in 
2007 has caused resurgence in Keynesian thought. 

Keynes _____________ (consider, be) the father of modern macroeconomics and the most influential economist of the 20th century. 
In addition to being an economist, he ____________ also (know, 
work) as a civil servant, a patron of arts, a director of the bank of England, an advisor to several charitable trusts, a writer, a private investor, an art collector, and a farmer. 
 
B. Rephrase the sentences using the words in bold. 
1. They report that Galton came up with the use of the regression 
line. 
reported 
Galton _______________________________ with the use of the 
regression line. 
2. It is known that Quetelet attempted to apply it to social 
science, planning what he called a “social physics”. 
have 
Quetelet __________________________ to apply it to social 
science, planning what he called a “social physics”. 
3. It appeared that empiric data corresponded to Gauss‟s distribution law. 
correspond 
Empiric data __________________ to Gauss‟s distribution law. 
4. They say Peter‟s reforms required a significant number of statistical data. 
are 
Peter‟s reforms __________________________ a significant 
number of statistical data. 
5. It‟s likely that the company ordered the analysis of the sales 
over the last period. 
ordered 
The company ______________________________ the analysis 
of the sales over the last period. 
6. It happened that the findings of the research were false due to 
the incorrect sample. 
be 
The findings of the research _____________________________ 
false due to the incorrect sample. 

7. It seems that all the data will be collected by dustbin survey. 
seem 
All the data ___________________________ by dustbin survey. 
8. It appeared that in the Ancient times China, Ancient Rome 
and Greece had applied some methods of statistics. 
have 
In the Ancient times China, Ancient Rome and Greece 
__________________________________ some methods of statistics. 
9. It was noticed that statistical observations helped the companies to improve their productivity. 
help 
Statistical observations _________________________________ 
to improve their productivity. 
10. It was seen that blind testing data hadn‟t provided unexpected results. 
weren’t 
Blind testing data _____________________ unexpected results. 
 
C. Translate the sentences into English. 
1. Говорят, что социально-экономические явления имеют 
сложную природу, анализировать которую помогают различные 
статистические методы. 
2. Вероятно, что при анализе работающих в регионе их разделят на разные совокупности, в зависимости от сферы деятельности. 
3. Оказалось, что еще в 10-12 веках на Руси собирали различные статистические данные для формирования налогообложения. 
4. Сообщается, что становление международных торговых 
связей стало стимулом для развития статистики. 
5. Считается, что математическое направление в статистике 
зародилось в Англии. 
6. Согласно статистической закономерности маловероятно, 
что при падении доходов семья будет продолжать тратить деньги 
на покупку деликатесов. 
7. Подчеркивается, что единицы наблюдения необходимо 
выбирать только в рамках проводимого исследования. 
8. Оказывается, что при статистических наблюдениях возникают непреднамеренные ошибки при округлении количественных показателей.