Устный перевод первого иностранного языка

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ 
 
РОСТОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ 
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ (РИНХ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Е.А. Чередникова  
 
 
УСТНЫЙ ПЕРЕВОД 
ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА 
 
 
 
Учебное пособие 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ростов-на-Дону 
Издательско-полиграфический комплекс РГЭУ (РИНХ) 
2021 

УДК 811.111 
ББК 81.432.1 
Ч 63 
 
  Чередникова, Е.А. 
Ч 63       Устный перевод первого иностранного языка : учебное 
пособие / Е.А. Чередникова. – Ростов-на-Дону : Издательско-полиграфический комплекс Рост. гос. экон. ун-та 
(РИНХ), 2021. – 88 с.  
ISBN 978-5-7972-2954-4 
 
 
Данное пособие ориентировано на обучение различным видам устного 
перевода: переводу с листа, последовательному и синхронному переводу. В 
пособии представлены упражнения, направленные на развитие навыков 
преобразования текста оригинала в текст перевода на необходимом уровне 
эквивалентности; норм вербального и невербального общения и навыков 
коммуникации на иностранном языке для осуществления устного последовательного перевода и устного перевода с листа; системы сокращенной 
переводческой записи при выполнении устного последовательного перевода; 
навыком распознавания и мониторинга коммуникационных сбоев; этическими и 
социальными нормами, принятыми в сфере переводческой деятельности. 
Адресовано студентам, обучающимся по направлению 45.04.02 «Лингвистика», магистерская программа 45.04.02.01 «Теория и практика перевода». 
 
УДК 811.111 
ББК 81.432.1 
 
Рецензенты: 
Бжиская Ю.В., кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков 
Ростовского государственного университета путей сообщения;  
Барабанова И.Г., кандидат филологических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой 
лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации  
ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный 
экономический университет (РИНХ)». 
 
 
Утверждено в качестве учебного пособия  
учебно-методическим советом РГЭУ (РИНХ). 
 
 
ISBN 978-5-7972-2954-4 
 Ростовский государственный 
экономический университет (РИНХ), 2021 
 Чередникова Е.А., 2021 

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ  
 
Введение 
4 
I. Grammar and genre-stylistic problems 
of interpretation from English into Russian 
 
6 
II. Lexical Techniques in translation: Problems  
and Connection of Oral and Written Translation 
 
18 
III. Lexical-stylistic and grammatical translation 
transformations 
 
34 
IV. Consecutive interpretation from English into Russian. 
Two-way consecutive translation 
 
52 
Texts for additional training in sight translation  
and performing pre-translation / translation analysis  
 
66 
Рекомендованная литература 
84 
 
 

ВВЕДЕНИЕ 
 
Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов 
направления подготовки 45.04.02 «Лингвистика», магистерская 
программа 45.04.02.01 «Теория и практика перевода» в качестве 
дополнительного 
учебного 
пособия 
для 
аудиторной 
и 
самостоятельной 
работы 
и 
ориентировано 
на 
освоение 
дисциплины «Практический курс устного перевода (первый 
иностранный язык)».  
Учебное пособие направлено на развитие у студентовмагистрантов навыков в области перевода с английского языка на 
русский и с русского на английский текстов разной жанровой 
направленности, устных речевых умений, аудитивных умений, а 
также на расширение общекультурного кругозора. Пособие 
состоит 
из 
введения, 
четырех 
модулей, 
текстов 
для 
самостоятельной работы, а также списка рекомендованной 
литературы. Части пособия имеют деловую, общественнополитическую и экономическую тематику, ознакомление с 
которой позволяет повысить профессиональный уровень, а также 
способствует интеллектуальному развитию студентов.  
Каждая часть, представленная в пособии, включает в себя 
тексты, ссылки на аудио- и видеоматериалы и задания к ним, 
комплекс упражнений на развитие умений понимания и перевода 
с листа, последовательного и синхронного перевода, а также на 
формирование логического и аналитического мышления.  

Тематика заданий позволяет расширить словарный запас, 
упражнения 
направлены 
на 
работу 
с 
лексическим 
и 
грамматическим 
материалом. 
В 
рамках 
каждого 
модуля 
предполагается работа с видеофрагментами. Упражнения для 
работы с видеофрагментами направлены на развитие у студентов 
умений устной и письменной речи с предварительно снятыми и 
неснятыми трудностями, а также на развитие умений устного 
перевода.  
В 
приложении 
содержатся 
тексты, 
соответствующие 
тематике пособия, которые можно использовать как для 
текущего/промежуточного контроля, так и для самоконтроля 
студентов. 
Работа 
с 
пособием 
предполагает 
интеграцию 
аудиторной и самостоятельной работы магистрантов. Тексты и 
видеоматериалы, работа с которыми предлагается в пособии, 
взяты из открытых источников, страниц Интернета, в частности с 
официального 
сайта 
Европейской 
комиссии 
(https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/sr/), 
сайта 
American 
Rhetoric 
(https://www.americanrhetoric.com/), 
официального 
YouTubeканала журнала TIME и др. 
 
 

I. GRAMMAR AND GENRE-STYLISTIC PROBLEMS 
OF INTERPRETATION  
FROM ENGLISH INTO RUSSIAN 
 
Warm-up exercise 1. Memorize the following tongue twisters and 
practice saying them as quickly as you can before your oral 
translation lesson. 
 
 A happy hippo hopped and hiccupped. 
 A snake sneaks to seek a snack. 
 Cooks cook cupcakes quickly. 
 Eleven benevolent elephants. 
 Pad kid poured curd pulled cod. 
 Really leery, rarely Larry. 
 Scissors sizzle, thistles sizzle. 
 She sees cheese. 
 Six Czech cricket critics. 
 Six sleek swans swam swiftly southwards. 
 Six sticky skeletons. 
 Truly rural. 
 Twelve twins twirled twelve twigs. 
 Which witch is which? 
 Willy‟s real rear wheel. 
VIDEO 1. Christmas truce for promoting sales 
Exercise 1. Consult a dictionary or any other reference source and 
give Russian equivalents to the following words and word 
combinations: 
 
Sainsbury‟s supermarkets  
Christmas Truce  
World War I  
Royal British Legion  
ASA Advertising Standards 
Authority  
BBC Radio 4: Moral Maze  
Paul McCartney: The pipes of 
peace  
no man‟s land  

fallen comrades  
Christmas Eve  
Silent Night  
Jim  
Otto 
scurry back to their trenches  
stationary company  
Anne Frank  
mawkish 
 
 
Exercise 2. Watch Video 1 (Christmas truce 
for 
promoting 
sales: 
https://webgate.ec. 
europa.eu/sr/speech/christmas-truce-promo 
ting-sales) and give a summary of the text 
in 
ten 
sentences 
using 
the 
active 
vocabulary. 
 
Exercise 3. Watch Video 1 once again and 
do consecutive translation of it. 
 
TEXT 1 
“A whole sheep for £18”:  
how live exports are hurting farmers in Romania 
Exercise 1. Read the text, underline the main ideas and give a 
summary of the text in Russian in ten sentences.  
Gheorghe Dănulețiu, also known as Ghiță Ciobanul (Ghiță the 
shepherd), has more than 500,000 followers on Facebook after he 
featured in an advertising campaign that went viral, but he leads the 
modest life of a traditional shepherd. 
Looking after 1,500 sheep in western Romania, Dănulețiu‟s life 
changes with the seasons. During lambing in spring, he barely sleeps 
four hours a night while in winter he leads his sheep in a three- to 
four-week journey from the mountains down to graze in the valleys. 
Even when the temperature drops below -30C (-22F), Dănulețiu 
sleeps next to his animals, wrapped in his sheepskin under the starry 
sky and ready to protect his flock in case of a wolf attack. 
“I inherited this [role] from my father – who had a few hundred 
sheep – but I also love it, I love animals,” Dănulețiu says. 
However, like all Romanian shepherds with small and mediumsized flocks, Dănulețiu is struggling in a market dominated by a few 
live animal exporters, big farmers and hypermarkets. 

“The sheep trade has become a mockery,” he says. “We sell a 
sheep for 100 Romanian leu (about £18). I can‟t afford to pay good 
salaries and I can‟t find workers any more – young people see that it‟s 
all going downhill. I have the impression that this is political, that 
they‟re trying to destroy the sector.” 
Live export has become a crucial industry for Romania. In 
November the world watched in horror as more than 14,000 sheep 
drowned in the Black Sea port of Midia on their way to Saudi Arabia. 
Until then few people – even in Romania – had been aware of 
the scale of the live export trade. In fact in 2018, Romania exported 
animals worth €357m (£305m), making it Europe‟s biggest exporter 
of live animals, and the tenth largest exporter of live cattle globally. 
The current arrangement dates back to the collapse of Nicolae 
Ceaușescu‟s regime in the late 1980s, when Middle Eastern 
companies started taking over the Romanian live export market. Until 
the 2000s live exports went primarily to southern European countries 
such as Greece and Croatia, but in the 2010s Jordan, Libya, Lebanon 
and Israel also became valuable markets. 
Romania does not have the slaughterhouses to process the meat 
it needs. Although it has received subsidies totalling 26 billion euros 
since joining the EU in 2007, they are oriented towards production 
rather than building the processing systems that the country so 
urgently needs. So, despite the number of animals it exports, it has to 
import meats and other processed products. 
Like most sheep and goat farmers in Romania, Dănulețiu has no 
option but to sell his animals to private collection centres for as little 
as £18 per head. 
Only 33 sheep of a cargo of 14,600 were rescued when the 
Queen Hind ship overturned in the port of Midia in November 2019. 
The export firms sell these animals for 10 times that price in the 
Middle East and north Africa, although “the animals‟ prices vary like 
stock prices”, according to a Lebanese businessman at Maria Trading, 
one of the biggest agricultural exporters in Romania. 
The farmers are trapped in an impossible situation. Despite the 
deep roots of shepherding in Romania, lamb is consumed only at 
Easter. Moreover, the vast majority of sheep are of a mixed breed – 
țurcana – which are kept for milk as well as meat, making the meat 
less desirable on the European market. 

The financial realities of raising sheep mean there‟s little profit 
in it and many shepherds are getting out. 
The situation is similar for cattle farmers in Romania. Sebastian 
Ile, who has a herd of 28 Angus cows, is trying to increase his 
negotiating power with exporting firms by forming a cooperative with 
eight other farmers. This means he can sell at a higher price per kilo – 
€2.5 compared to €1.8 – which is how much smaller farmers receive. 
But his ambitions go further than that. 
“Two years ago, we started off a big project to do the whole 
chain – from raising animals to processing and selling meat. But it 
will take a long time and we will need EU or national funds to bring 
the project to completion,” he says. 
Providing facilities for humane slaughter in countries of origin is 
critical, says Gabriel Paun of Animals International. Based in 
Romania, he has been investigating the animal export trade for several 
years, and gives first-hand accounts of the animals‟ long journeys in 
sweltering heat, as well as the brutal nature of their slaughter in the 
Middle East. 
“Not only is this extremely cruel, but there‟s also a solution that 
would please 99.99% of people, that is, the consumers and the farmers 
in the importing countries, as well as the Romanian farmers,” Paun 
explains. “The only ones who would not benefit from this solution are 
the exporting firms.” 
That solution involves replacing live animal exports with meat 
and carcass exports, both of which Romanian and European 
policymakers are now discussing. In December the European Union 
called for an update on current legislation on animal transport over 
long distances, as well as discussions on the sustainability of live 
transport versus meat trade. At the moment, EU regulations dating 
from 2005 make EU countries responsible for exported animals only 
on EU territory, rather than until they reach their destination. 
The Romanian government has convened an agriculture 
commission to draft a new law regarding live animal exports, which 
would make Romania responsible for the state of the animals not only