Практическая грамматика английского языка для магистров

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ 
 
РОСТОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ 
(РИНХ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Н.В. Евдокимова, О.Н. Григоренко 
 
 
 
 
 
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА 
ДЛЯ МАГИСТРОВ 
 
 
 
 
 
Учебное пособие  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ростов-на-Дону 
Издательско-полиграфический комплекс РГЭУ (РИНХ) 
2020 

УДК 811.111`36(075) 
ББК 81.2Англ 
Е 15 
 
Евдокимова, Н.В. 
Е 15  
Практическая грамматика английского языка для магистров . 
учебное пособие / Н.В. Евдокимова, О.Н. Григоренко. – Ростов-наДону : Издательско-полиграфический комплекс Рост. гос. экон. ун-та 
(РИНХ), 2020. – 120 с. 
ISBN 978-5-7972-2792-2 
 
Учебное пособие предназначено для закрепления знаний и совершенствования речевых умений студентов продвинутого уровня обучения в магистратуре и для самостоятельной работы студентов. В пособии освещены 
основные грамматические явления, встречающиеся как в деловой и разговорной речи, так и в текстах и документах, которые предстоит читать, переводить и составлять специалисту по стране или региону.  
Лексическая часть заданий пособия ориентирована на специальность 
«Зарубежное регионоведение», но пособие в целом может быть использовано и магистрантами других направлений. 
УДК 811.111`36(075) 
ББК 81.2Англ 
 
Рецензенты 
 
к.ф.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков для экономических специальностей РГЭУ (РИНХ)  Е.В. Казанская; 
к.ф.н., доцент кафедры «Лингвистика и иностранные языки» ДГТУ  
Ю.Л. Гончарова 
 
 
Утверждено в качестве учебного пособия 
учебно-методическим советом РГЭУ (РИНХ) 
 
 
 
 
ISBN 978-5-7972-2792-2 
© Ростовский государственный экономический 
университет 
(РИНХ),  
2020 
© Евдокимова Н.В., Григоренко О.Н., 
2020 

CONTENTS 
VERB ......................................................................................................................................... 4 
TENSE ....................................................................................................................................... 7 
PASSIVE VOICE ..................................................................................................................... 31 
SEQUENCE OF TENSES ....................................................................................................... 40 
MODAL VERBS...................................................................................................................... 44 
NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB .................................................................................. 55 
PARTICIPLE ............................................................................................................................ 56 
GERUND ................................................................................................................................. 63 
INFINITIVE AND PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTIONS. COMPLEX OBJECT .................... 74 
ABSOLUTE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION .................................................................... 77 
COMPLEX SUBJECT WITH THE INFINITIVE ................................................................... 80 
MOOD ...................................................................................................................................... 85 
TYPES OF CONDITIONAL CLAUSES ................................................................................ 86 
EXERCISES FOR REVISING ................................................................................................ 95 
 
 
 
 

VERB 
A verb is a part of speech that denotes an action or state, represented as an action. 
1. The verb serves as a predicate in a sentence and it always has a 
subject (as a rule, a pronoun or noun), with which the predicate verb 
agrees in person and number. Forms of the verb express the person, 
number, mood, tense, voice. Personal forms include three-person singular and plural verb forms in all tenses of the active and passive voice 
in the indicative and subjunctive mood.  
The imperative form also belongs to the personal forms of the verb, 
since it serves as a predicate, in which the subject is implied – you. 
2. The non-personal forms of the verb – the infinitive (the Infinitive), the gerund, (the Gerund) and the participle (the Participle) express, in contrast to the personal forms, an action without indicating the 
person, number and mood. They cannot act as a predicate in a sentence, 
but perform other functions. 
The English verb has three main forms: the first form is the infinitive (the Infinitive), the second form is the past indefinite tense (Past 
Indefinite) and the third form is the past participle (Past Participle). 
They serve to form all other verb forms, both simple and complex (in 
combination with auxiliary verbs). 
In English, verbs are used in four basic forms: do – did – done – 
doing, write – wrote – written – writing, work – worked – worked – 
working. The first form is an infinitive, i.e. the initial form of the verb; 
the formal feature of which is the particle to. The second form is the 
same as Past Indefinite. The third form is Participle II, i.e. past participle, the fourth form – Participle I – i.e. present participle (-ing verb 
form). 
The most common verbs in English are to be and to have (have 
got). Unlike other verbs, they have several forms of the present and past 
tense (see p.), and can also perform several functions in a sentence: a 
semantic verb, auxiliary and modal. In addition, to be is used as a linking verb. 
 
 

Functions of the verbs “To be”, “to have” 
 
If right after have, be stands for: 
1) the infinitive with a particle to is the equivalent of a modal verb, 
should be translated; 
2) an article, a pronoun, an adjective, a noun is a semantic verb, it 
is translated to be, to have (according to the form and meaning of the 
verb); 
3) another verb with the endings –ed, –ing is an auxiliary verb: 
a) have + a verb with –ed is an indicator of the perfect form, 
b) be + a verb with –ed – a passive indicator, 
c) be + –ing – component of the imperfective indicator (auxiliary verbs are not translated). 
 
Ex 1. Explain the usage of the verbs “to be”, “to have”. Translate 
the sentences. 
 
1. I have to do it. 2. They had to do it. 3. We shall have to do it. 
4. He has to do it. 5. The train is to be stopped. 6. The train was to stop 
there. 7. They were to have stopped it. 8. The train is to be staying here. 
9. He is to acquire a new data. 10. His aim is to acquire a new data. 
11. This method is to be reported in more detail. 12. The temperature 
had to be raised to 150 degrees. 13. The other devices are to be delivered 
over next 12 months, and the whole line will come into service next 
summer. 14. To allow for the enormous distances to be covered the voltage of overhead contact lines is to be raised from 25 to 50 kv. 15. The 
problem now is to find the most effective way to convert the minimum 
expenses into the maximum profit. 16. This plant is to be opened next 
year. 
 
 
Functions of the verb "to do" 
 
The verb “to do” serves as a semantic and auxiliary verb. 
As a semantic verb, it is used with the meaning to act, to perform, 
to fulfil:  I can do this job. We have already done this job. They had 
done this before you arrived. 

The auxiliary verb to do is used: 
1. For the formation of interrogative and negative forms of the 
Present and Past Simple of all verbs (except modal): Do you speak Chinese? They didn’t speak Korean when they arrived in Korea. 
2. To form a negative imperative: Don’t do this! Do not get angry! 
3. To strengthen the meaning of the action, expressed by the semantic verb in the affirmative form Present or Past Simple. Before the 
semantic verb, the form do, does (in Present), did (in Past) is used. The 
semantic verb is in the infinitive form: But I do know him!  But we did 
speak to him!  
4. To reinforce the request before the imperative: Do come to me. 
(Be sure to come to me). Do be reasonable. – (I beg you, be reasonable!). 
 
Ex 2. Explain the usage of the verb “to do”. 
 
1. Do you like Chinese food? 2. Do stay with us a bit longer. 3. Did 
you speak to him? No, we didn’t. 4. Where do you live? 5. Can you do 
it yourself? 6. Don’t say it to him! 7. Don’t go there! 8. What did you 
do in the evening? 9. It’s a pity you don’t know our Japanese teacher. – 
But I do know her! 10. Don’t open the window now. You can do it after 
we go away, don’t you? 11. Do you get up early? 12. Do it now if you 
don’t want to be late. 
 
 
 

TENSE 
The system of temporal forms of the English verb is represented 
by three tenses (Present – Past – Future), which have four aspects. Indefinite – Simple, Continuous – Progressive, Perfect and Perfect Continuous. 
The time expressions we use with the present simple are: always, 
usually, often, every day/week/month/year, in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night/the weekend, jn Sunday etc.  
The time expressions we use with the present continuous are: now, 
at the moment, nowadays, today, tonight, this days, still etc. 
The time expressions we use with the present perfect are:just, already, since, ever, never, so far, today, lately, etc.  
The time expressions we use with the present perfect continuous 
are: for, since, all day/morning/week, how long...? etc. 
The time expressions we use with the past simple are: yesterday, 
then, 
when, 
last 
night/week/month/Monday/year, 
two 
days/weeks/month/years ago, in 2019, etc.  
The time expressions we use with the past continuous are: when, 
while, as, all day/evening/morning etc. 
The time expressions we use with the past perfect are: by the time, 
before, after, just, already, for, since, never etc. 
The time expressions we use with the past perfect continuous are: 
for, before, until, since etc. 
The time expressions we use with the future simple are: soon, tomorrow, tonight, next week/month/year/spring/ etc., in a week/month 
etc. 
The time expressions we use with the future continuous are: while, 
before,after, until, till, once, as soon as, by the time etc. 
The time expressions we use with the future perfect are: by, by 
then, by the time, etc. 
The time expressions we use with the future perfect continuous 
are: by, for etc. 
 

Ex. 1. With which tenses are the following time expressions normally used? Categorise them, then make sentences of your own to show 
their functions. Some time expressions are used with more then one 
tense 
 
Now, every month, already, since, how long, regularly, so far, 
 
every other day, just, right now, for, at present, lately, by then 
 
 
Ex. 2. Translate into English. Pay attention to tense and voice 
 
1. Я учу английские слова каждый день. 2. Я только что выучил новые слова. 3. Я учу новые слова, не мешай мне. 4. Я учу эти 
слова сегодня с двух часов. 5. Я писал сочинение, когда ты пришел. 
6. В прошлом году я часто писал сочинения. 7. Писатель написал 
роман до того, как началась война. 8. Студент писал дипломную 
работу с января по июнь. 9. Мой брат будет учиться на экономическом факультете. 10. Завтра в это же время я буду переводить текст. 
11. Она переведет текст завтра к 5 часам. 12. Они будут переводить 
статью завтра с 9 до 12. 
 
Ex 3. Put the verbs in brackets in correct tense forms. Translate 
into Russian 
 
1. What you (to do) here? – I (to wait) for a friend. 2. He (to speak) 
French? – Yes, he (tо speak) French quite fluently. 3. Listen! Someone 
(to knock) at the door. 4. Don't go into the classroom! The students (to 
write) a dictation there. 5. She (to write) letters to her mother every 
week. 6. Ships (to travel) from Rostov to Moscow in three and a half 
days. 7. The man who (to smoke) a cigarette is our English teacher. 
8. Let's go for a walk, it not (to rain). 9. You (to hear) anything? – I (to 
listen) hard, but I not (to hear) anything. 10. My brother (to read) a great 
deal. 11. Listen! The telephone (to ring). 12. Where is Peter? He (to 
have) an English lesson. I think that he always (to have) it at this hour. 
 
 

Ex. 4. Correct or wrong? Correct the wrong tense 
 
1) My dad works in China. He lives in Peiping (Peking). 
2) Babies normally are losing weight in the beginning. 
3) I am visiting her about once every six months. 
4) It seldom rains there in summer. 
5) Only one hospital, in the small Korean village is functioning. 
6) Traditionally, Democratic Party does well in local elections. 
7) I am getting up early and eating my breakfast listening to the 
radio. 
8) He is a very good brother. We are loving him. 
9) We are having a meeting. Come and join in. 
10) Do you know if she is still playing these days? 
11) Several groups are meeting weekly. 
12) I want a breath of fresh air. 
13) What am I doing? I look out of the window. 
14) The Bible says love of money is the root of all evil. 
15) Near the equator, the sun evaporates greater quantities of water. 
 
Ex. 5. Replace the infinitive in brackets by the Present Simple or 
the Present Progressive 
 
1) It ( to take) мe five minutes to get to the university.  
2) Trees (to grow) more quickly in summer than in winter.  
3) Liz (to play) the violin brilliantly. 
4) The car (to not start) again. 
5) Who you (to phone)?' 'I (to try) to get through to Joan. 
6) The shop is so inefficient that many customers (to take) their 
business elsewhere. 
7) Have you done the shopping?' I (to go) just. 
8) The police (to talk) to a number of people about the robbery. 
9) I (to leave) work at 5.30 most days. 
10) Each July we (to go) to Korea for a holiday. 
11) Why you (to jump) up and down? 
12) I (to hear) a lot of good reports about your work these days. 
13) We usually (to watch) the news on TV at 9.00. 
14) Japanese banks (to lend) money to make a profit. 

15) Japanese banks (to lend) more money (these days) to encourage businesses to expand. 
16) She (to teach) Japanese language in a school in Bonn. 
17) She (to teach) Japanese language in a school in Bonn now. 
18) I (to admit) I can't see as well as I used to.  
19) I (to refuse) to believe that he didn't know the car was stolen.  
20) I would (to advise) you to arrive two hours before the flight 
leaves. 
21) I'm afraid I have to (to inform) you that your application for 
funding has been turned down. 
 
Ex. 6. Translate into English using the Present Simple 
 
1) Фрэнк читает книги о Китае в свободное время. Это его 
хобби.2) Культ шан-ди играет в истории китайской цивилизации 
огромную роль. 3) Он замечательный лингвист. Он свободно говорит на трех языках: русском, английском и китайском. 4) Я обещаю, 
что я помогу тебе узнать больше о Шанской цивилизации. 5) Я 
знаю, что титул сыновья неба сохраняется за правителями Китая. 
6) Учение о Мандате Неба содержит мысль об управлении Поднебесной только добродетельным правителем. 7) Небо – главное китайское божество и китайские правители претендуют на родство с 
ним. 8) В истории Китая мудрость и добродетель играют более 
важную роль, чем сила и жестокость. 9) Так как он директор большой 1) компании, он регулярно летает в Китай первым классом 
10) Я наслаждаюсь чтением книг о Китае после тяжелого рабочего 
дня. 11) Хотя он владеет тремя редкими китайскими реликвиями, 
он не хочет никому их показывать. 12) Он не любит публичность и 
всегда пытается избегать публичных выступлений. 13) Ваша жена 
приезжает из Китая в понедельник? 14) Я часто разговариваю с моими друзьями о поездке в Японию. 15) Она знает японский язык 
хорошо? – Да, она бегло говорит по-японски. 16) Богиня Солнца 
Аматэрасу – главное божество синтоистского пантеона. 17) Какие 
книги вы читаете на японском языке? 18) Вы разговариваете пояпонски со своим учителем? Обычно мы говорим по-японски, иногда по-русски. 19) Кто вам дает японские книги для чтения? Мой 
преподаватель привозит их из Японии. 20) Я работаю в одной