Социальная адаптация лиц с ограниченными возможностями в условиях профессиональной деятельности / Social adaptation of persons with disabilities in the conditions of professional activity

УДК 364-785.14 
ББК 60.9 
С69 
Авторы: 
Е.Ю. Елисеева, А.Д. Ишков, Т.Н. Магера, Н.Г. Милорадова, Е.В. Романова 
 
Рецензенты: 
кандидат социологических наук Н.В. Абрамова, ведущий эксперт НИЯУ МИФИ; 
кандидат психологических наук, доцент А.Д. Барсукова, 
доцент кафедры социально-гуманитарных наук и технологий НИУ МГСУ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
С69  
Социальная адаптация лиц с ограниченными возможностями в условиях 
профессиональной деятельности / Social adaptation of persons with disabilities in the 
conditions of professional activity [Электронный ресурс] : [учебное пособие для обучающихся 
по направлению подготовки 08.04.01 Строительство] / [Е.Ю. Елисеева, А.Д. Ишков, 
Т.Н. Магера и др.] ; Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, 
Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет, 
кафедра менеджмента и инноваций. — Электрон. дан. и прогр. (1 Мб). — Москва :  
Издательство МИСИ – МГСУ, 2024. — URL: http://lib.mgsu.ru. — Загл. с титул. экрана. 
ISBN 978-5-7264-3550-3 (сетевое) 
ISBN 978-5-7264-3551-0 (локальное) 
 
Учебное пособие направлено на освоение социально-психологического инструментария через 
приобретение компетенций в области самоорганизации и саморазвития для углубления способностей 
к работе в коллективе, социальной и психологической адаптации лиц с ограниченными возможностями 
к полноценной жизни в профессиональной среде с учетом требований рынка труда. 
Для обучающихся по направлению подготовки 08.04.01 Строительство. 
 
 
Учебное электронное издание 
 
 
© ФГБОУ ВО «НИУ МГСУ», 2024

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Учебное электронное издание 
 
 
 
Елисеева Екатерина Юрьевна, Ишков Александр Дмитриевич, Магера Татьяна Николаевна  
и др. 
 
СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ АДАПТАЦИЯ ЛИЦ С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ 
В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ / 
SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES 
IN THE CONDITIONS OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY 
 
Учебное пособие 
 
 
 
Редактор Л.В. Себова 
Корректор В.К. Чупрова 
Компьютерная правка и верстка О.В. Суховой 
Дизайн первого титульного экрана Д.Л. Разумного 
 
Для создания электронного издания использовано: 
Microsoft Word 2010, ПО Adobe Acrobat 
 
Подписано к использованию 30.09.2024. Объем данных 1 Мб. 
 
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение 
высшего образования 
«Национальный исследовательский 
Московский государственный строительный университет» 
129337, Москва, Ярославское ш., 26. 
 
Издательство МИСИ – МГСУ. 
Тел.: (495) 287-49-14, вн. 14-23, (499) 183-91-90, (499) 183-97-95. 
E-mail: ric@mgsu.ru, rio@mgsu.ru

Оглавление 
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 7 
1. THE PROFESSIONAL AND SOCIAL REQUIREMENTS OF SOCIETY ................................................ 8 
1.1. Human rights and obligations at work................................................................................................... 8 
1.1.1. Right to work .............................................................................................................................. 8 
1.1.2. Professions and their classifications ........................................................................................... 9 
1.1.3. Professional standards ................................................................................................................ 9 
1.2. Preparing for work activities ............................................................................................................... 10 
1.2.1. Right to education ..................................................................................................................... 10 
1.2.2. Medical restrictions on choosing an occupation ....................................................................... 11 
1.3. Socio-psychological constraints .......................................................................................................... 12 
1.3.1. The psychology of perceiving one's own limitations ................................................................ 12 
1.3.2. The psychology of the perception of disability by others ......................................................... 13 
2. THE POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITS OF SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION ......................... 15 
2.1. Features and types of physiological adaptation ................................................................................... 15 
2.1.1. Adaptation: process and result .................................................................................................. 15 
2.1.2. Types of physiological adaptation: urgent and long-term ........................................................ 15 
2.1.3. Consistency of structural and functional changes ..................................................................... 16 
2.2. Adaptive capabilities and their limits .................................................................................................. 16 
2.2.1. Continuity of adaptation ........................................................................................................... 16 
2.2.2. Body reserves: myths and physiological reality ....................................................................... 17 
2.2.3. Stress and adaptation ................................................................................................................ 17 
2.3. Techniques for restoring functional states arising in professional activities ....................................... 19 
2.3.1. Functional states of a person ..................................................................................................... 19 
2.3.2. A classification of the states ..................................................................................................... 19 
2.3.3. Stages of development of states ................................................................................................ 19 
2.3.4. Techniques of functional state recovery ................................................................................... 20 
3. GOAL SETTING, SELF-EDUCATION AND SELF-DEVELOPMENT .................................................. 22 
3.1. Development through self-education .................................................................................................. 22 
3.1.1. Growth, development and self-development ............................................................................ 22 
3.1.2. Goals for self-development ....................................................................................................... 23 
3.2. Education as a tool for human development ....................................................................................... 23 
3.2.1. Transformation of education today ........................................................................................... 23 
3.2.2. Common learning space ........................................................................................................... 24 
3.3. Continuing self-education ................................................................................................................... 26 
3.3.1. Ways to organise self-education ............................................................................................... 27 
3.3.2. Learning styles .......................................................................................................................... 28 
3.3.3. Technologies to support self-education and self-development ................................................. 29

4. PERSONAL RESOURCES AND ADAPTATION .................................................................................... 31 
4.1. Developing a scientific approach to adaptation ................................................................................... 31 
4.1.1. History of the study of human adaptation ................................................................................. 31 
4.1.2. Scientific understanding of the problem of adaptation ............................................................. 32 
4.1.3. A modern approach to understanding adaptation and maladaptation ....................................... 33 
4.2. The dynamics of adaptation ................................................................................................................ 34 
4.2.1. Stages of adaptation .................................................................................................................. 34 
4.2.2. Factors for successful adaptation .............................................................................................. 34 
4.2.3. Impact on successful adaptation factors ................................................................................... 35 
4.3. Signs, characteristics, types of maladaptation ..................................................................................... 36 
4.3.1. Man and the environment ......................................................................................................... 36 
4.3.2. A person in a difficult situation ................................................................................................ 37 
4.3.3. Signs of maladaptation ............................................................................................................. 38 
5. INTERACTION IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY ................................................................................... 39 
5.1. Social adaptation types and features.................................................................................................... 39 
5.1.1. Features of social adaptation process........................................................................................ 39 
5.1.2. Social adaptation stages ............................................................................................................ 39 
5.1.3. Social adaptation types ............................................................................................................. 41 
5.2. Social adaptation levels ....................................................................................................................... 41 
5.2.1. Macro- and micro-, objective and subjective levels of adaptation ........................................... 41 
5.2.2. Criteria for determining the social adaptation levels ................................................................ 42 
5.3. Social adaptation of people with disabilities ....................................................................................... 43 
5.3.1. Typical barriers of people with disabilities ............................................................................... 43 
5.3.2. Social inclusion of people with disabilities in the society ........................................................ 45 
6. WORKING IN AN ORGANIZATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS ...................................................... 48 
6.1. The place of digital information technologies in professional activity at the present stage ................ 48 
6.1.1. Digital technologies in the modern world ................................................................................... 48 
6.1.2. What is digital information technology? ..................................................................................... 48 
6.1.3. What skills does a person need to work with digital informational technologies? ..................... 49 
6.2. Digital tools of social and professional interaction ............................................................................. 50 
6.2.1. Digital tools of social interaction ................................................................................................ 50 
6.2.2. Digital tools for professional communication within the organization ....................................... 51 
6.3. How interactions change when you go online ..................................................................................... 52 
6.3.1. Changing the communicative side of interaction ........................................................................ 52 
6.3.2. Changing the interactive side of communication ........................................................................ 53 
6.3.3. Changes in the perceptual side of communication ...................................................................... 54

7. FORMATION OF AN INCLUSIVE URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL 
ADAPTATION ............................................................................................................................................... 56 
7.1. General scientific understanding of psychological adaptation ............................................................ 56 
7.1.1. Defining psychological adaptation .............................................................................................. 56 
7.1.2. Indicators of psychological adjustment ....................................................................................... 57 
7.1.3. Indicators of psychological maladaptation .................................................................................. 57 
7.2. Adaptive capacity of the individual ..................................................................................................... 59 
7.2.1. Personal adaptation resources ..................................................................................................... 59 
7.2.2. Self-assessment of personal adaptation resources in the current context .................................... 60 
7.2.3. Limitations in adaptive capacity of the individual ...................................................................... 61 
7.3. Psychological self-regulation .............................................................................................................. 62 
7.3.1. Defining mental self-regulation .................................................................................................. 62 
7.3.2. Classification of mental self-regulation ...................................................................................... 62 
7.3.3. Methods of self-regulation .......................................................................................................... 64 
Bibliographic list ............................................................................................................................................. 66 

INTRODUCTION 
The aim of the course ―Social adaptation of persons with disabilities in the conditions of professional 
activity‖ is to master the legal, psychological and sociological tools to necessary for self-organisation, 
self-development, enhancing the ability to work in a team, social and psychological adaptation of persons 
with disabilities to live a full life in a professional environment, taking into account the requirements 
of the labour market. 
This course focuses on the formation of one universal competence and two professional competences. 
Three indicators as indicators of mastering the respective competences are the basis for the development 
of this training textbook (table below). 
 
Table 
Universal and professional competences in the course 
 
Competences 
Indicators 
UK-6. Is able to identify and implement priorities for 
his/her own work and how to improve it on the basis 
of self-assessment 
UK-6.3. Building a trajectory of professional growth
taking into account self-esteem and labor market 
requirements (including using digital means) 
PC-1. Able to organize the effective operation of  
the production activities of a construction contracting 
organization and coordinate the work of all departments 
PC-1.10. Selecting methods for effective production
communication  in  a  construction  contractor,  in  
negotiations with the customer, in meetings 
PC-3. Able to carry out strategic and operational 
management in the field of production and financial 
and economic activities of a construction contracting 
organization 
PC-3.4. Analysis and assessment of promising 
scientific and technological developments in order 
to increase the efficiency of the construction  
contractor‘s activities 
 
The theoretical material (7 lesson topics) will provide you with knowledge from various scientific 
fields: law, sociology, psychology and physiology. This knowledge (adapting to professional life) 
is essential for people with disabilities and those experiencing physiological, psychological or social 
adjustment problems. 
You will learn: 
– what a person‘s capacities and limitations are affecting the adaptation process; 
– how to overcome adaptation limitations by relying on inner resources;  
– what are the characteristics of physiological, psychological and social adaptation; 
– the specific features of modern professional working conditions. 

1. THE PROFESSIONAL AND SOCIAL REQUIREMENTS OF SOCIETY 
Main aims and outcomes 
As a result of studying this material, you will learn: 
– all types of work are subject to professional requirements; 
– the rights and obligations of the individual in the workplace are regulated by national laws; 
– medical restrictions in professional activity are temporary and the list of restrictions is constantly 
reviewed; 
– the most powerful and difficult to overcome limitations are those imposed on oneself by the 
individual. 
Keywords: professional requirements, medical restrictions, individual limitations. 
 
1.1. Human rights and obligations at work 
In modern society, the state assumes certain obligations towards the population of the country 
and organises a system to enforce and maintain the requirements adopted by popular vote. The state, 
for its part, assumes responsibility for complying with the adopted requirements, norms and rules. 
 
1.1.1. Right to work 
The ―Constitution of the Russian Federation‖, which was adopted by popular vote on 12.12.1993 
(approved as amended on 01.07.2020) states in article 37: 
1) labour is free. Everyone has the right to freely use his/her labour capabilities, to choose the type 
of activity and profession; 
2) forced labour is banned; 
3) everyone has the right to work in health and safety conditions, to receive remuneration for 
labour without any discrimination whatsoever and not lower the minimum wage established by federal 
law, as well as the right to protection against unemployment; 
4) the right to individual and collective labour disputes with the use of methods for their resolution 
established by federal law, including the right to strike, shall be recognised; 
5) everyone shall have the right to rest. The duration of working time, days off and public holidays, 
and annual paid leave, established by federal law, shall be guaranteed to those working by labour 
contracts. 
The state assumes responsibility for preparing people for work (the right to education), for safe 
and hygienic working conditions and for protection against unemployment. 
The state establishes a system of labour management, which includes legislative, executive and 
judicial powers. The main socio-economic relations in the country, methods of management and 
mechanism of their use are regulated centrally. 
The legislature adopts laws containing binding rules of conduct, including those governing social 
and labour relations. 
The executive executes the laws. The judiciary administers justice: the punishment of offenders 
and the resolution of problems and conflicts related to the application of labour law. 
The Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation is the central body of 
the federal executive power that manages and coordinates the work of a unified state policy in the 
field of labour, employment and social issues. The Ministry is responsible, among other things, for 
managing labour, providing state support for the activities of public associations of disabled people, 
veterans and pensioners, as well as non-profit organisations implementing socially significant projects 
in the fields of employment, social services and social support.