Review of Business and Economics Studies / Вестник исследований бизнеса и экономики, 2024, том 12, № 3

 Vol. 12 • No. 3 • 2024      ISSN 2308-944X (Print)  
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Review of Business and Economics Studies
DOI: 10.26794/2308-944X
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 Т. 12 • № 3 • 2024 
     ISSN 2308-944X (Print)  
ISSN 2311-0279 (Online)
Вестник исследований бизнеса и экономики
DOI: 10.26794/2308-944X
 
 
 

Review of  
Business and 
Economics  
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rbes.fa.ru

Вестник 
исследований 
бизнеса  
и экономики
Куликова Лидия Ивановна,
д-р экон. наук, профессор, 
заведующая кафедрой учета, анализа 
и аудита, Казанский (Приволжский) 
федеральный университет, Казань, 
Россия
Сюй Бо,
доктор политических наук, 
профессор, заместитель руководителя, 
кафедра международной политики, 
Колледж исследований СевероВосточной Азии, Университет Цзилинь, 
г. Чанчунь, Китай
ГЛАВНЫЙ РЕДАКТОР
Селезнев Павел Сергеевич,
д-р полит. наук, декан факультета 
международных экономических 
отношений, профессор департамента 
политологии, Финансовый университет, 
Москва, Россия
Липина Светлана Артуровна,
д-р экон. наук, профессор, заместитель 
председателя Совета по изучению 
производительных сил,
Всероссийская академия внешней 
торговли, Москва, Россия
ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛЬ ГЛАВНОГО РЕДАКТОРА
Сидорова Марина Ильинична,
д-р экон. наук, профессор кафедры 
аудита и корпоративной отчетности, 
Финансовый университет, Москва, 
Россия
Тимофеев Иван Николаевич, 
канд. полит. наук, доцент, Московский 
государственный институт 
международных отношений (МГИМО), 
генеральный директор Российского 
совета по международным делам 
(РСМД), Москва, Россия
Томас Сабу,
д-р философии, профессор, проректор, 
Университет Махатмы Ганди, Коттаям, 
Индия
Мавракис Димитриос,  
д-р экономики, профессор, 
Центр энергетической политики 
и развития (KEPA) Национального 
и Каподистрийского Университета Афин 
(NKUA), Афины, Греция
ВЫПУСКАЮЩИЙ РЕДАКТОР
Бочкарев Алексей Михайлович, 
канд. техн. наук, ст. науч. сотр., 
Финансовый университет, Москва, 
Россия
Редакция научных журналов 
Финансового университета
125167, Москва,  
Макгуайр Стефен,
д-р экономики, профессор, факультет 
менеджмента, Колледж бизнеса 
и экономики, Калифорнийский 
государственный университет, ЛосАнджелес, США
РЕДАКЦИОННЫЙ СОВЕТ
Ачарья Санджая,
д-р экономики, профессор, департамент 
экономики, факультет гуманитарных 
и социальных наук, Трибхуванский 
университет, Катманду, Непал
Ленинградский пр-т, 53,  
комн. 5.6
Тел. +7 (499) 553-10-74 
(вн. 10-88)
Мельников Александр,  
д-р физ.-мат. наук, профессор, факультет 
математических и статистических наук,  
Университет Альберты, Эдмонтон, 
Канада
Интернет: https://rbes.fa.ru/jour
Беляцкий Николай Петрович,
д-р экон. наук, профессор, 
заведующий кафедрой организации 
и управления, факультет экономики 
и менеджмента, Белорусский 
государственный экономический 
университет, Минск, Республика 
Беларусь
Журнал “Review of Business 
and Economics Studies” 
(«Вестник исследований бизнеса 
Мрамба Насибу Раджабу,
д-р бизнес-информатики, 
заместитель ректора по учебной 
и исследовательской работе, Колледж 
бизнес-образования, Дар-эс-Салам, 
Танзания
и экономики») зарегистрирован 
в Федеральной службе 
по надзору в сфере связи, 
Варьяш Игорь Юрьевич,
д-р экон. наук, профессор, 
руководитель Аналитического 
центра финансовых исследований, 
Научно-исследовательский 
финансовый институт 
Министерства финансов РФ, 
Москва, Россия
информационных технологий 
Полевой Сергей Анатольевич,
д-р техн. наук, доцент, профессор 
кафедры менеджмента, факультет 
«Высшая школа управления», 
Финансовый университет, Москва, 
Россия
и массовых коммуникаций 
15 сентября 2016 г. 
Свидетельство о регистрации 
Глущенко Константин Павлович,
д-р экон. наук, главный научный 
сотрудник, Институт экономики 
и организации промышленного 
производства, Сибирское отделение 
РАН, Новосибирск, Россия
ПИ № ФС77-67072. 
Ренстром Томас,
д-р экономики, профессор, Школа 
бизнеса, факультет экономики 
и финансов,
Даремский университет, Дарем, 
Великобритания
Подписано в печать: 29.10.2024. 
Формат 60 × 84 1/8. 
Заказ №1280
Отпечатано в отделе полиграфии 
Рубцов Борис Борисович,  
д-р экон. наук, профессор, кафедра 
финансовых рынков и финансового 
инжиниринга, Финансовый университет, 
Москва, Россия
Жариков Михаил Вячеславович,
д-р экон. наук, доцент, профессор 
кафедры мировой экономики 
и мировых финансов факультета 
международных экономических 
отношений, Финансовый университет, 
Москва, Россия
Финуниверситета  
(Москва, Ленинградский 
проспект, д. 49/2). 
16+
Сангстер Алан,
д-р экономики, профессор, Школа 
бизнеса, Абердинский университет, 
Королевский колледж, Абердин, 
Великобритания
Ильинский Александр Иоильевич,
д-р техн. наук, профессор, научный 
руководитель Института глобальных 
исследований, Финансовый университет, 
Москва, Россия
3

Review of  
Business and  
Economics  
Studies
Volume 12, Number 3, 2024
A Systematic Review on Exploring the Influence  
of Industry 4.0 Technologies to Enhance Supply Chain Visibility  
and Operational Efficiency
Tahsina Khan, Md M.H. Emon, Md A. Rahman . .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Understanding the Republic of Malawi’s Trade Dynamics:  
A Bayesian Gravity Model Approach
Benjamin B. Sambiri, Noah C. Mutai, Sushma Kumari . .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
The Impact of Information and Communication Technologies  
on International Trade: A Case of Sub-Saharan Africa
Eudoxie Bessan Ayedoun, Christian O.S. Ayedoun. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Assessing the Impact of Digital Supply Chain Management  
on the Sustainability of Construction Projects
Shahid Aziz, Prince Kumar, Anwar B. Khan. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Dynamic Programming Principle for Optimal Control of Uncertain Random 
Differential Equations and its Application to Optimal Portfolio Selection
Justin Chirima, Frank R. Matenda, Eriyoti Chikodza, Mabutho Sibanda.
 .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . 74
Organizational Environment and Management Skills in Small  
and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Shah M. Wagan, Sidra Sidra, Mohammad M.U. Hoque..
 .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Ehsan’s Three Tables Model: A Comprehensive Guide for Identifying 
Research Gaps and Conducting Systematic Literature Reviews in Business 
and Economics Studies
Ehsan S. . .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Вестник 
исследований 
бизнеса  
и экономики
№ 3, 2024
Систематический обзор по изучению влияния технологий  
Индустрии 4.0 на повышение прозрачности цепочки поставок  
и операционной эффективности
Тахсина Хан, Мд М.Х. Эмон, Мд А. Рахман. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Понимание динамики торговли Республики Малави:  
подход с использованием байесовской гравитационной модели
Бенджамин Б. Самбири, Ной Ч. Мутай, Сушма Кумари. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Влияние информационно-коммуникационных технологий  
на международную торговлю: исследование в странах Африки  
к югу от Сахары
Эвдокси Бессан Айедун, Кристиан О.С. Айедун. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Оценка влияния цифрового управления цепочками поставок 
на устойчивость строительных проектов
Шахид Азиз, Принц Кумар, Анвар Б. Хан . .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Принцип динамического программирования для оптимального 
управления неопределенными случайными дифференциальными 
уравнениями и его применение к оптимальному выбору портфеля
Джастин Чирима, Франк Р. Матенда, Эриоти Чикодза, Мабуто Сибанда. .  .  . . 74
Организационная среда и управленческие навыки на малых  
и средних предприятиях
Шах М. Ваган, Сидра Сидра, Мохаммад М.У. Хоке.. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Модель трех таблиц Эхсана: комплексное руководство по выявлению 
пробелов в исследованиях и проведению систематических обзоров 
литературы в области бизнеса и экономики
Эхсан Ш. Салих. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Review of Business and Economics Studies
ORIGINAL PAPER
DOI: 10.26794/2308-944X-2024-12-3-6-27
UDC 338.3:658.7(045)
JEL D80, L14, M11, O33, Q55
A Systematic Review on Exploring the Influence 
of Industry 4.0 Technologies to Enhance Supply 
Chain Visibility and Operational Efficiency
T. Khana, Md M.H. Emonb, Md A. Rahmanc
a,b Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
c Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL), Kajang, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
This systematic review investigates the implications of Industry 4.0 technologies on supply chain visibility and 
operational efficiency. The primary aim is to discern the impact of technological integration on contemporary 
supply chain dynamics. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy identified 65 pertinent studies published 
between 2015 and 2023. The review adheres to systematic methodologies, employing the Critical Appraisal 
Skills Programme framework for quality assessment. Data synthesis incorporates qualitative and quantitative 
analyses to distill key themes and patterns. Results: The review unveils the pivotal role of information visibility in 
fortifying supply chain outcomes, emphasizing the need for a dual investment strategy encompassing technological 
solutions and a collaborative organizational culture. Regional variations in supply chain practices, insights from 
humanitarian supply chains, and the influence of environmental factors on agility broaden the understanding of 
Industry 4.0 implications. Organizations are urged to adopt a context-specific, adaptive approach, recognizing the 
significance of intangible assets and tailoring strategies to local contexts for optimal supply chain performance. 
This systematic review contributes a nuanced understanding of Industry 4.0’s transformative potential in supply 
chain management, emphasizing the interplay between technology, organizational culture, and regional contexts.
Keywords: Industry 4.0; supply chain management; supply chain visibility; operational efficiency; information 
visibility; collaboration; agility; sustainability; artificial intelligence; internet of things; systematic review
For citation: Khan T., Emon Md M.H., Rahman Md A. A systematic review on exploring the influence of Industry 
4.0 technologies to enhance supply chain visibility and operational efficiency.  Review of Business and Economics 
Studies. 2024;12(3):6-27. DOI: 10.26794/2308-944X-2024-12-3-6-27
ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ
Систематический обзор по изучению  
влияния технологий Индустрии 4.0  
на повышение прозрачности цепочки поставок 
и операционной эффективности
T. Ханa, Мд М.Х. Эмонb, Мд А. Рахманc
a, b Бангладешский университет специалистов (BUP), Дакка, Бангладеш;
с Университет инфраструктуры Куала-Лумпур (IUKL), Каджанг, Малайзия
АННОТАЦИЯ
В данном систематическом обзоре исследуется влияние технологий Индустрии 4.0 на прозрачность цепочки 
поставок и операционную эффективность. Основная цель — ​
выявить влияние технологической интеграции на 
современную динамику цепей поставок. Методы: c помощью комплексной стратегии поиска было выявлено 
© Khan T., Emon Md M.H., Rahman Md A., 2024 
This work is licensed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. 
6
rbes.fa.ru

A Systematic Review on Exploring the Influence of Industry 4.0 Technologies  
to Enhance Supply Chain Visibility and Operational Efficiency
65 соответствующих исследований, опубликованных в период с 2015 по 2023 г. В обзоре использовалась 
систематическая методология, а для оценки качества применялась программа развития навыков проведения 
критической оценки. Синтез данных включает качественный и количественный подходы для выявления 
ключевых тем и закономерностей. Результаты: в обзоре раскрывается ключевая роль информационной 
прозрачности в улучшении результатов работы цепочки поставок, подчеркивается необходимость двойной 
инвестиционной стратегии, включающей технологические решения и организационную культуру, основанную 
на сотрудничестве. Анализ региональных различий в практике цепочек поставок, опыта гуманитарных цепочек 
поставок и влияния экологических факторов на гибкость расширяют понимание последствий Индустрии 4.0. 
Организациям настоятельно рекомендуется применять адаптивный подход с учетом конкретных условий, 
принимая во внимание важность нематериальных активов и адаптируя стратегии к местным контекстам для 
оптимального функционирования цепочки поставок. Данный систематический обзор способствует детальному пониманию преобразующего потенциала Индустрии 4.0 в управлении цепочкой поставок, подчеркивая 
взаимодействие между технологиями, организационной культурой и региональными контекстами.
Ключевые слова: Индустрия 4.0; управление цепочкой поставок; прозрачность цепочки поставок; операционная эффективность; прозрачность информации; сотрудничество; гибкость; устойчивость; искусственный интеллект; интернет вещей; систематический обзор
Для цитирования: Khan T., Emon Md M.H., Rahman Md A. A systematic review on exploring the influence of 
Industry 4.0 technologies to enhance supply chain visibility and operational efficiency.  Review of Business and 
Economics Studies. 2024;12(3):6-27. DOI: 10.26794/2308-944X-2024-12-3-6-27
Introduction
Industry 4.0 has brought about a significant 
change in manufacturing and supply chain 
methods, introducing a new age defined by 
linked, intelligent, and automated systems [1]. 
Industry 4.0, often known as the fourth industrial revolution, signifies the integration of technological progress that has fundamentally changed 
conventional business structures and operating 
procedures [2]. This revolution expands upon 
the groundwork established by previous movements, integrating cyber-physical systems, the 
Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence 
(AI), big data analytics, and automation into a 
unified and revolutionary structure [3]. The term 
“Industry 4.0” was coined in Germany as a component of a government endeavour to promote 
the digitization of industry [4]. The concept 
draws upon the chronological development of 
industrial revolutions — ​
the initial one distinguished by the utilization of water and steam 
power for mechanization, the second one characterized by the widespread production facilitated by electric power, and the third one propelled 
by automation and computerization [5]. Industry 
4.0 signifies the merging of physical and digital 
technologies, resulting in the development of 
intelligent systems that can make decisions in a 
decentralized manner and communicate in realtime [6].
Although there is an increasing amount of 
literature on Industry 4.0 and its influence on 
supply chain management, there is a requirement for a methodical examination that combines 
and assesses the current understanding. While 
individual studies may give insights into certain 
issues, a holistic knowledge of how Industry 4.0 
technologies together contribute to supply chain 
visibility and operational efficiency (OE) is absent 
[7]. This systematic review seeks to address this 
deficiency by thoroughly examining and consolidating the existing literature, thus enhancing our 
comprehension of the present research landscape. 
It will uncover patterns, discern trends, and provide valuable perspectives for future studies and 
industry implementations.
Industry 4.0 is fundamentally based on a set 
of essential components that work together to 
provide its revolutionary capacity [2, 8]. Cyberphysical systems serve as the foundation, merging physical operations with digital connection 
to provide independent decision-making [9, 10]. 
The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the linking 
of devices, enabling smooth data interchange and 
live monitoring throughout the whole production and supply chain [11]. AI facilitates the use 
of sophisticated machine learning algorithms, 
empowering systems to scrutinize data, provide 
well-informed judgements, and adjust to everchanging surroundings [12]. Big data analytics 
utilizes extensive databases to derive significant 
insights, which guide strategic decision-making. Automation, which integrates robots and 
autonomous systems, improves efficiency and 
adaptability in manufacturing and supply chain 
processes [13].
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Review of Business and Economics Studies
technology necessitate thoughtful deliberation 
[24]. Furthermore, the adoption of Industry 4.0 
technologies requires a change in the culture of 
organizations, ensuring that all stakeholders are 
in sync with the revolutionary nature of these 
innovations [25].
In addition to its growing significance in business, I4T is also becoming more widely discussed 
in academic circles. This has influenced a variety 
of fields, including business research, which has 
taken an interest in the topic and is now researching I4T from a more comprehensive standpoint 
[26]. In this connection, supply chain management 
(SCM) has been identified as one of the domains 
that stands to gain the most from I4T applications 
[27]. It is necessary to investigate how AI might 
benefit the dynamic aspects of SCM such as supply chain visibility (SCV) and OE, as evident from 
the emerging interest from practitioners and researchers in this area [28]. This need has come up 
in a number of investigations. The current study 
fills this gap by examining the research aims and 
conducting a systematic review. This, we hope, 
will encourage more study on this fascinating 
and significant subject.
The ramifications of Industry 4.0 extend well 
beyond the physical production area, exerting 
a substantial influence on the management of 
supply chains [14, 15]. The conventional linear 
supply chain model, which is defined by distinct 
and sequential phases, has transformed into a 
dynamic, networked, and data-centric supply 
network [16]. The incorporation of Industry 4.0 
technology offers unparalleled insight into the 
complete supply chain ecosystem, encompassing 
the procurement of raw materials to the delivery 
of the final product to the end-user [17].
Industry 4.0 significantly improves supply 
chain visibility, which is a crucial aspect of supply chain management. Historically, supply chain 
visibility denoted the capacity to monitor the progression of merchandise across many phases [18]. 
Nevertheless, in the era of Industry 4.0, it assumes 
a more expansive connotation. Organizations 
may obtain valuable information about inventory 
levels, manufacturing progress, and logistical 
operations through real-time monitoring, which 
is made possible by IoT devices and sensors [19]. 
The utilization of real-time data enables organizations to forecast and take proactive measures 
to mitigate future interruptions, optimize the 
management of inventories, and improve overall 
operational resilience [20].
The incorporation of Industry 4.0 technology 
profoundly transforms the methods by which operational efficiency is attained within the supply 
chain. Utilizing data-driven solutions improves 
operational processes, resulting in shorter lead 
times, decreased bottlenecks, and improved resource utilization [21]. AI systems utilize past 
and current data to predict patterns in demand, 
allowing organizations to optimize their production schedules and inventory levels. AI and 
robotics-driven automation optimize repetitive 
tasks, allowing human resources to dedicate their 
efforts to intricate decision-making processes 
[22]. This cohesive strategy establishes a versatile 
and efficient network of suppliers, resulting in a 
supply chain structure that can easily adjust to 
dynamic market requirements [23].
Industry 4.0 offers unique prospects for improving supply chain operations, but it also brings 
about obstacles that organizations need to overcome. Factors such as worries about cybersecurity, 
protection of data privacy, and the necessity of 
a competent staff to handle this sophisticated 
Aim of the paper
The main aim of this work is to provide a thorough and analytical systematic evaluation of the 
current literature that examines the effects of 
Industry 4.0 technologies on supply chain visibility and operational efficiency. In this regard, 
the article focuses on a thorough analysis of 
a wide range of studies that focus on the relationship between Industry 4.0 and supply chain 
management. Keeping this in mind, the primary 
objective of the research is to comprehensively 
analyze relevant research studies on Industry 
4.0 technologies, such as the Internet of Things 
(IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and automation, specifically in the context of 
supply chain operations. In addition, the article 
aims to thoroughly assess the methodological 
quality of the chosen studies by examining their 
research designs, data collection techniques, and 
analytical procedures to assure the credibility 
and accuracy of the information provided. An essential task is to identify and analyze recurring 
patterns, emerging trends, and common themes 
in the chosen literature. This will provide valuable insights into the impact of various Industry 
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A Systematic Review on Exploring the Influence of Industry 4.0 Technologies  
to Enhance Supply Chain Visibility and Operational Efficiency
for academics, industry experts, and policymakers who are interested in the convergence of Industry 4.0 technologies and supply chain operations. It aspires to stimulate additional study in 
this dynamic and expanding sector.
Literature review
Search strategy
The search strategy aimed to systematically 
identify and retrieve relevant studies published 
between 2015 and 2023 that explored the intersection of Industry 4.0 technologies with supply 
chain visibility and operational efficiency. This 
search was conducted in major academic databases, including PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The search utilized a 
combination of keywords and Boolean operators 
to refine and target the query effectively [29]. 
The primary search terms included “Industry 
4.0”, “supply chain visibility”, “operational efficiency”, “Internet of Things (IoT)”, “Artificial 
Intelligence (AI)”, “big data analytics”, and “automation”. The search was restricted to Englishlanguage publications, and the publication date 
range was set from 2015, to the knowledge cutoff date in 2023. The search strategy was an it4.0 technologies on supply chain visibility and 
operational efficiency. The article seeks to draw 
comprehensive conclusions on the impact of 
Industry 4.0 on supply chain dynamics by conducting analytical research and interpretation. It 
examines how these technologies affect visibility, 
simplify processes, and improve overall efficiency. Furthermore, it is essential to identify gaps 
and limits in the current body of literature in order to direct future research and provide valuable 
insights to academics, practitioners, and policymakers on unanswered problems and challenges 
in the field. Thereby, the research aims to examine the practical implications of the findings for 
industry practitioners and decision-makers. It 
provides actionable advice on how to successfully 
use Industry 4.0 technologies to improve supply 
chain visibility and operational efficiency. Having said that, the present study aims to enhance 
scholarly knowledge by summarizing important 
insights, theoretical frameworks, and methodological advancements from the literature review. 
It provides a comprehensive and current understanding of the research on Industry 4.0 in the 
context of supply chain management. Altogether, 
the article intends to serve as a helpful resource 
Table 1
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
Publication period
Studies published between 2015, 
and 2023
Studies published before 2015 or after the 
knowledge cutoff date in 2023
Type of document
Peer-reviewed journal articles and 
conference proceedings
Non-peer-reviewed documents, books, theses, and 
dissertations
Studies unrelated to Industry 4.0 or lacking a clear 
focus on supply chain management
Type of study
Studies focusing on the integration 
of Industry 4.0 technologies in 
supply chain management
Language
Studies published in the English 
language
Studies published in languages other than English
Population
No specific population criteria
Studies with a primary focus on populations 
unrelated to supply chain management or Industry 
4.0 technologies
Research topic
Studies examining the impact of 
Industry 4.0 on both supply chain 
visibility and operational efficiency
Studies not directly related to Industry 4.0 
technologies, supply chain visibility, or operational 
efficiency
Source: Developed by the authors.
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Review of Business and Economics Studies
focus on supply chain visibility or operational 
efficiency.
erative process, allowing for adjustments based 
on initial search results and additional keywords 
identified during the process [30].
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
To maintain the relevance and rigor of the 
systematic review, explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria were established (Table 1). 
Inclusion criteria encompassed studies published in peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings, focusing on the integration 
of Industry 4.0 technologies (specifically IoT, 
AI, big data analytics, and automation) in supply chain management. Studies were required 
to examine the impact of Industry 4.0 on both 
supply chain visibility and operational efficiency. Exclusion criteria included studies 
not published in English, those not directly 
related to Industry 4.0 technologies or supply 
chain management, and studies lacking a clear 
Methodological quality assessment
To ensure the reliability and validity of the synthesized findings, a methodological quality assessment 
was conducted for each selected study. The Critical 
Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) framework for 
systematic reviews was adapted for this purpose 
[31]. The assessment criteria included study design, data collection methods, data analysis, and 
the overall contribution to the research area. Two 
independent reviewers assessed each study, and 
any discrepancies were resolved through discussion and consensus. The methodological quality 
assessment aimed to identify biases and limitations within each study, allowing for the weighting 
of evidence during data synthesis [32]. Studies with 
robust methodologies and transparent reporting 
were given greater weight in the analysis.
 
Fig. Search strategy, outlining the subsequent identification and screening of appropriate sources
Source: Developed by the authors.
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