Reading File

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации 
Казанский национальный исследовательский 
технологический университет 
Г. Р. Ганиева, Р. С. Гараева 
READING FILE
Учебно-методическое пособие 
ISBN 978-5-7882-3303-1 
© Ганиева Г. Р., Гараева Р. С., 2022 
© Казанский национальный исследовательский 
технологический университет, 2022 
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УДК 811.111(075) 
ББК 81.432.1я7 
Г20 
Издается по решению редакционно-издательского совета 
Казанского национального исследовательского технологического университета 
Рецензенты: 
канд. фил. наук, доц. Л. Р. Славина 
канд. фил. наук, доц. Р. В. Гатауллина 
Г20 
Ганиева Г. Р. 
Reading File : учебно-методическое пособие / Г. Р. Ганиева, Р. С. Гараева; Минобрнауки 
России, Казан. нац. исслед. технол. ун-т, Нижнекамский химико-технологический 
институт – НХТИ (филиал). – Казань : Изд-во КНИТУ, 2022. 
  
 – 93 с.
ISBN 978-5-7882-3303-1 
Составлено на основе аутентичного текстового материала, который призван научить 
студентов читать и понимать оригинальную литературу, создать основу для развития 
навыков говорения по изученной тематике. 
Предназначено для студентов 1–2 курсов подготовительного факультета для занятий 
по курсу практического курса иностранного языка. 
Подготовлено на кафедре иностранных языков Нижнекамского химико-технологического института. 
УДК 811.111(075) 
ББК 81.432.1я7 
Текстовое электронное издание 
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Издательство Казанского национального исследовательского 
технологического университета 
420015, г. Казань, ул. К. Маркса, 68
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Contents 
READING FILE 1A. FOOD 
.............................................................................................................. 4 
READING FILE 1B. MODERN FAMILIES 
................................................................................. 
10 
READING FILE 2A. SPENDING MONEY 
.................................................................................. 
16 
READING FILE 2B. CHANGING LIVES 
..................................................................................... 
23 
READING FILE 3A. SURVIVE THE DRIVE 
............................................................................... 
29 
READING FILE 3B. COMMON STEREOTYPES 
...................................................................... 
35 
READING FILE 4A. FAILURE AND SUCCESS ........................................................................ 
39 
READING FILE 4B. MODERN MANNERS ............................................................................... 
44 
READING FILE 5A. SPORT 
.......................................................................................................... 
49 
READING FILE 5B. FRIENDSHIP 
............................................................................................... 
54 
READING FILE 6A. CINEMA ....................................................................................................... 
58 
READING FILE 6B. APPEARANCES 
.......................................................................................... 
62 
READING FILE 7A. EDUCATION ............................................................................................... 
66 
READING FILE 7B 
.......................................................................................................................... 
70 
READING FILE 8A 
.......................................................................................................................... 
75 
READING FILE 8B 
.......................................................................................................................... 
80 
READING FILE 9A 
.......................................................................................................................... 
83 
READING FILE 9B 
.......................................................................................................................... 
87 
READING FILE 10A ....................................................................................................................... 
91 
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READING FILE 1A. FOOD 
1. Write 3 words in each category.
Food you can fry 
Food you can 
cook 
Food you can 
can 
Food you can 
deep freeze  
Drinks 
Green vegetables 
Red fruit 
2. Work with a partner. Ask and answer these questions.
1. Are you fussy or particular about the food you eat?
2. What do you think about canned, frozen and fresh food?
3. Can people eat only fresh food? Why do we have to freeze or can it?
3. Read the text and answer these questions.
1. Why is food most nutritious at the point of harvest?
2. Why do we need to refrigerate food?
3. What reduces nutrient content while freezing food on a mass scale?
4 

4. Why fresh food is best for vitamin C content compared to frozen or
canned food? 
5. What advantage and disadvantage of canned food does Barret mention?
6. What is a diverse diet?
FROZEN, FRESH OR CANNED FOOD: WHAT’S MORE NUTRITIOUS? 
Tinned and frozen fruits and vegetables tend to be seen as less nutritious 
than fresh versions. But that's not always the case. 
In recent weeks, as shoppers have tended to buy food that lasts, sales 
of canned and frozen food have increased. Even freezer sales are up. But many 
of us are taught to believe that when it comes to fruit and vegetables, nothing 
is as healthy as fresh food. 
By eating tinned or frozen versions, are we doing a disservice to our health? 
When answering this question, it’s important to remember that food is most 
nutritious at the point of harvest, says Fatima Hachem, Senior Nutrition Officer 
at the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization. Fresh fruit or vegetable starts 
degrading as soon as it’s picked from the ground or tree, because that ground 
or tree is its source of nutrients and energy. 
“Vegetables destined for cooking fresh might lose some of their nutritional 
value if they stay for long on the shelves,” Hachem says. 
Refrigerating food slows down the process of nutrition loss, although the 
rate at which nutritional value is lost varies from one product to the next. 
In 2007, Diane Barrett, a former food science and technology researcher, 
reviewed numerous studies looking into the nutritional content of fresh, frozen 
and tinned fruits and vegetables. She found that spinach, for example, loses 
100% of its vitamin C content in seven days if stored at a room temperature; it 
loses 75% if refrigerated. But carrots, by contrast, only lose 27% of their 
vitamin C content when stored for a week at room temperature. 
“Spinach is very thin, so there’s more loss of moisture and exposure to heat 
and oxygen compared to a carrot, for example, which is denser,” says Barrett. 
But all other vegetables in Barrett’s research lost significantly less vitamin 
C when they were frozen. That included spinach, which only lost 30% of its 
vitamin C when frozen. 
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Speed freeze 
Freezing food on a mass scale is a relatively new innovation for the food 
industry. 
Take the frozen pea. Today, the pea can be harvested, transported to a 
factory, washed, blanched and frozen in just over two hours. In the 1970s, it 
would have taken days. 
Speed is crucial in the frozen food industry: as soon as fruit or vegetable is 
taken from the ground, it’s a nutritional race against time. Technological 
innovation has shortened the process of freezing food over the last few decades. 
But before food is frozen, it’s blanched, which involves heating it up for a few 
minutes at high temperatures. It also reduces nutrient content. 
Canned content 
However, this nutritional loss pales in comparison to the amount of heat 
that fresh fruit or vegetable is exposed to when it’s tinned. Such heat treatment 
shows a greater reduction in nutrients than frozen food, saying nothing of fresh 
food, Barrett says. 
The research concluded that fresh food is often best for vitamin C content, 
as this vitamin is highly sensitive to freeze or heat—as long as it undergoes 
minimal storage. 
Moreover canned food can also have some less desirable contents—salt or 
sugar. 
“The only good thing about canned food is the process used to sterilise 
them,” says Barrett. “It results in greater nutrient loss, but once the produce is 
in the can it can be there for years, and you can be sure it’s safe because it’s 
gone through a process that kills all microorganisms.” 
Fresh take 
What’s most important is to have a diverse diet, says Hachem, which 
requires a variety of fresh, frozen and canned food. 
“You can have a balanced meal by cooking vegetables from frozen or in a 
can, but this doesn’t replace the importance of having fresh salads,” Hachem 
says. 
 “The most important thing is to not stop eating fruit and vegetables.” 
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4. Match the words and phrases in bold in the text to the correct definition
1–8.
1. the amount of food substance your body can use (carbohydrates, fats,
proteins, minerals and etc.) ___________________________ 
2. different kind of nutrient-rich food and drink, a key component of healthy
diet ___________________________ 
3. to bring down the amount of substances that provide nourishment
___________________________ 
4. to often do a particular thing or be likely to do a particular thing
___________________________ 
5. tinned goods ___________________________
6. products stored at a very low temperature in order to keep it fresh
___________________________ 
7. food that hasn’t been preserved or spoilt yet ___________________________
8. the origin of substances that provide nourishment essential for the
maintenance of life and for growth ___________________________ 
5. Complete the sentences with one of the words or phrases in bold.
1. Fish is increasingly traded as ____________________ .
2. Healthy, ____________________ consisting of nutritional sources of food,
such as animal food, fruit, vegetables need to be made available, accessible and 
affordable. 
3. People ____________________ believe that fresh fruit and vegetables are
healthier. 
4. A large proportion of ____________________ is lost on its way to market.
5. ____________________ has a long shelf life because the sterilized food is
separated from the outside environment by the sealed containers. 
6. Chemical sweeteners have no ____________________ .
7. Some cooking methods can ____________________ of raw food.
8. A healthy and diverse diet is ____________________ .
6. Work with a partner. Use the words and phrases in 4 in your own sentences.
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7. Decide if these statements are true (T) or false (F) and say why.
1. Frozen and canned food is hardly ever sold.
2. Fresh fruit and vegetables can’t stay long on shelves.
3. Nutritional value of fresh, frozen and canned food is the same.
4. The food industry has developed ways to freeze produce almost
immediately after it’s harvested 
5. Canned food is healthier than frozen food.
6. Canned food doesn’t have any additives.
7. What’s most important is to eat only fresh food.
8. Look back at the text and choose three collocations that you could use in your
everyday life. Work with your partner.
9. Speaking.
Make questions. Then work in pairs and discuss these questions with your
partner. Ask for more information.
What / eat / typical 
What / favourite 
cook? What / like / 
day? What / eat / 
restaurant? Why? 
cook? 
today? 
recommend / tourists / 
What / your favourite 
What / most delicious / 
eat in your town or 
food? How often / eat 
meal / ever have? 
city? 
it? 
What / people / usually 
When / you / last go / 
How often / you eat fast 
/ eat / on a special 
to a nice restaurant? 
food? 
holiday (like New Year) 
What / you order? 
You / ever eat / insects 
What / the strangest 
What / national dish / 
or snails? Would you 
food / you / ever eat? 
in your country? 
like to try them? 
8 

10. Talk about the statements below, saying if you agree or disagree. Give
reasons. 
“People in my country eat a lot of junk food nowadays.” 
“Eat less to live longer.” 
“Evening meal is the most important.” 

READING FILE 1B. MODERN FAMILIES 
1. Complete the sentences.
1. If I have a baby girl, she’ll be my ____________________.
2. My son calls me ____________________.
3. My mother is my father’s ____________________.
4. My father is my mother’s ____________________.
5. My father has one sister. She’s my ____________________.
6. My mother has one brother. He’s my ____________________.
7. My grandfather is married to my ____________________.
8. My grandparents call me their ____________________.
9. My aunt’s husband is my ____________________.
10. My sister is married. Her husband is my ____________________.
11. My sister has two children, a boy and a girl. Her son is my
____________________ and her daughter is my ____________________. 
12. My uncle and aunt’s children are my ____________________.
13. When I get married, my partner’s mother will be my ____________________.
14. My father has remarried. His new wife is my ____________________.
15. When I break up with my boyfriend (girlfriend), (s)he’ll be my _____________.
2. Work with a partner. Ask and answer these questions.
1. Do you agree that it’s mostly a mother’s job to take care of a baby?
2. Should it be an equal share of responsibilities or should the mom do most
of the nurturing and caring for the child/baby? 
3. What are father’s responsibilities then?
3. Read the text and answer these questions.
1. What does “equally shared parenting” mean?
2. Is “equal parenting” exceptional nowadays or is it a norm?
3. What influenced our traditional view of family life?
4. What are women and men taught?
5. What are the advantages of “equal parenting”?
6. What other tips on working toward equality can you add?
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