Ботанический журнал, 2024, № 1
научный журнал
Покупка
Новинка
Тематика:
Ботаника
Издательство:
Наука
Наименование: Ботанический журнал
Год издания: 2024
Кол-во страниц: 110
Дополнительно
Тематика:
ББК:
УДК:
ОКСО:
ГРНТИ:
Скопировать запись
Фрагмент текстового слоя документа размещен для индексирующих роботов
Российская академия наук БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ том 109 № 1 2024 Январь Журнал основан в декабре 1916 г. Выходит 12 раз в год ISSN печатной версии 0006-8136 ISSN Online версии 2658-6339 Журнал издается под руководством Отделения биологических наук РАН Главный редактор Л.В. Аверьянов доктор биологических наук, профессор Редакционная коллегия: Афонина О.М. д.б.н., зам. глав. редактора; Сафронова И.Н. д.б.н., зам. глав. редактора; Сытин А.К. д.б.н., зам. глав. редактора; Шамров И.И. д.б.н., зам. глав. редактора Баранова О.Г. д.б.н.; Волис С. (Китай) PhD, профессор; Герман А.Б. д.г.-м.н.; Дарбаева Т.Е. (Казахстан) д.б.н.; Димеева Л.А. (Казахстан) д.б.н.; Кузьмина М.Л. (Канада) PhD; Куликовский М.С. д.б.н.; Марков М.В. д.б.н.; Михайлова Т.А. к.б.н.; Оскольский А.А. (ЮАР) д.б.н.; Палице З. (Чехия) PhD; Паутов А.А. д.б.н., профессор; Пименов М.Г. д.б.н., профессор; Романов Р. Е. к.б.н.; Сенников А.Н. (Финляндия) к.б.н.; Соколов Д.Д. д.б.н., член-корр. РАН, профессор; Соколова И.В. к.б.н.; Тимонин А.К. д.б.н.; Тиходеева М.Ю. к.б.н.; Шнеер В.С. д.б.н.; Яковлев Г.П. д.б.н., профессор Кессель Д.С. – отв. секретарь редколлегии, Битюкова Н.В. – секретарь редколлегии Зав. редакцией М.О. Набатова-Азовская Ответственный редактор номера О.М. Афонина E-mail: botzhurn@mail.ru, mari.nabatova-azovskaya@mail.ru Москва ФГБУ «Издательство «Наука» © Российская академия наук, 2024 © Редколлегия “Ботанический журнал” (составитель), 2024
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE BOTANICHESKII ZHURNAL Volume 109 № 1 MOSCOW 2024
Founders: RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BRANCH OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES RAS RUSSIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY BOTANICHESKII ZHURNAL Periodicity 12 issues a year Founded in December 1916 Journal is published the algis of the Branch of Biological Sciences RAS Editor-in-Chief L. V. Averyanov, Doctor of Sciences (Biology) EDITORIAL BOARD O. M. Afonina (Deputy Editor-in-Chief, Doctor of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia), I. N. Safronova (Deputy Editor-in-Chief, Doctor of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia), I. I. Shamrov (Deputy Editor-in-Chief, Doctor of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia), A. K. Sytin (Deputy Editor-in-Chief, Doctor of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia), D. S. Kessel (Executive Secretary, St. Petersburg, Russia), N. V. Bityukova (Secretary, St. Petersburg, Russia), O. G. Baranova (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia), S. Volis (PhD, Kunming, China), A. V. Herman (Doctor of Sciences (Geology and Mineralogy), Moscow, Russia), T. E. Darbayeva (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Uralsk, Kazakhstan), L. A. Dimeyeva (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Almaty, Kazakhstan), M. L. Kuzmina (PhD, Guelph, Canada), M.S. Kulikovskiy (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Moscow, Russia), M. V. Markov (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Moscow, Russia), T. A. Mikhaylova (Candidate of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia), A. A. Oskolski (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia; Johannesburg, RSA), Z. Palice (PhD., Prùhonice, Czech Republic), A. A. Pautov (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia), M. G. Pimenov (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Moscow, Russia), R. E. Romanov (Candidate of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia), A. N. Sennikov (Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Helsinki, Finland), D. D. Sokoloff (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Moscow, Russia), I. V. Sokolova (Candidate of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia), M. J. Tikhodeeva (Candidate of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia) A. C. Timonin (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Moscow, Russia), V. S. Shneyer (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia), G. P. Yakovlev (Doctor of Sciences (Biology), St. Petersburg, Russia) Managing editor M. O. Nabatova-Azovskaya Executive editor of the issue O. M. Afonina E-mail: botzhurn@mail.ru, mari.nabatova-azovskaya@mail.ru Moscow 2024 © Russian Academy of Sciences, 2024 © Compilation Editorial board of “Botanicheskii Zhurnal”, 2024
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Том 109, Номер 1, 2024 ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ Gamete structure and development in connection with fertilization in angiosperms I. I. Shamrov, G. M. Anisimova 3 ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ Low temperature-induced chloroplast relocation in mesophyll cells of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae): SBF SEM 3D reconstruction N. K. Koteyeva, A. N. Ivanova, T. A. Borisenko, M. S. Tarasova, O. E. Mirgorodskaya, E. V. Voznesenskaya 29 СООБЩЕНИЯ Распространение и особенности биологии Magadania olaensis (Apiaceae) О. А. Мочалова, М. Г. Хорева, Е. А. Андриянова 42 Полиморфизм геномной ДНК Myrica gale (Myricaceae) на территории Государственного природного заказника “Лебяжий” (южное побережье Финского залива) О. А. Семичева, У. А. Галактионова, В. Н. Большаков, А. Э. Романович, М. Ю. Тиходеева, О. Н. Тиходеев 65 Сравнительный морфологический и генетический анализ популяций Corydalis bracteata Sensu Lato (Papaveraceae) из Южной Сибири К. К. Рябова, И. Е. Ямских, Н. В. Степанов, М. Г. Куцев 81 ФЛОРИСТИЧЕСКИЕ НАХОДКИ Artemisia verlotiorum (Asteraceae) – новый вид для флоры Азербайджана Н. П. Мехтиева, К. К. Асадова, Н. Мурсал 97 ХРОНИКА III Всероссийская конференция с международным участием “Систематические и флористические исследования Северной Евразии” (к 95-летию со дня рождения профессора А.Г. Еленевского) (Москва, 19–21 октября 2023 г.) В. П. Викторов, В. Н. Годин, Н. М. Ключникова, Н. Г. Куранова, С. К. Пятунина 101
CONTENTS Vol. 109, Number 1, 2024 REVIEWS Gamete structure and development in connection with fertilization in angiosperms I. I. Shamrov, G. M. Anisimova 3 ORIGINAL ARTICLES Low temperature-induced chloroplast relocation in mesophyll cells of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae): SBF SEM 3D reconstruction N. K. Koteyeva, A. N. Ivanova, T. A. Borisenko, M. S. Tarasova, O. E. Mirgorodskaya, E. V. Voznesenskaya 29 COMMUNICATIONS Distribution and peculiarities of biology of Magadania olaënsis (Apiaceae) O. A. Mochalova, M. G. Khoreva, E. A. Andriyanova 42 Genomic DNA polymorphism in Myrica gale (Myricaceae) in the Lebyazhiy State Nature Reserve (the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland) O. A. Semicheva, U. A. Galaktionova, V. N. Bolshakov, A. E. Romanovich, M. Yu. Tikhodeeva, O. N. Tikhodeyev 65 Comparative morphological and genetic analysis of Corydalis bracteata sensu lato (Papaveraceae) populations from Southern Siberia K. K. Ryabova, I. Е. Yamskikh, N. V. Stepanov, M. G. Kutsev 81 FLORISTIC RECORDS Artemisia verlotiorum (Asteraceae), a new species to the flora of Azerbaijan N. P. Mehdiyeva, K. K. Asadova, N. Mursal 97 CHRONICLES III All-Russian Conference with international participation “Systematic and floristic research of Northern Eurasia” (on 95-year anniversary of Professor A.G. Elenevsky) (Moscow, October 19–21, 2023) V. P. Viktorov, V. N. Godin, N. M. Klyuchnikova, N. G. Kuranova, S. K. Pyatunina 101
БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ, 2024, том 109, № 1, с. 5–30 ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ GAMETE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT IN CONNECTION WITH FERTILIZATION IN ANGIOSPERMS © 2024 г. I. I. Shamrova,b,#, G. M. Anisimovab,## aHerzen State Pedagogical University of Russia Moika River Emb., 48, St. Petersburg, 191186, Russia bKomarov Botanical Institute of RAS Prof. Popov Str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia #e-mail: shamrov52@mail.ru ##e-mail: galina0353@mail.ru Received 17.11.2023 Revised 03.12.2023 Accepted 05.12.2023 The paper analyzes data on the processes occurring before and during fertilization in flowering plants. At the gametophyte stage, the gametes are formed from haploid microspores and megaspores. They are sperms, egg and central cell. The fusion of male and female gametes occurs after the pollen tube enters any synergid. One sperm fuses with the egg cell, and another from the same pollen tube joins with the central cell. The angiosperms are likely to have four types of fertilization. These types differ in the degree of completion of syngamy. Premitotic and postmitotic types are characterized by complete syngamy, and androgamic and gynandrogamic types are inherent in incomplete syngamy. In this case, the behavior of the sperm nuclei is of great significance. They, as a rule, combine with the nuclei of female gametes (premitotic and postmitotic types), but the sperm nuclei can remain independent (gynandrogamic type) or a female nucleus is replaced by a male one (androgamic type). The premitotic type of fertilization follows the way in which the gamete protoplasts and nuclei are united before the mitosis in the zygote nucleus. As for the postmitotic type, it is carried out on a completely different basis. It is possible that in angiosperms the chromosomes of sperm and egg cell do not unite during mitosis. They further divide independently, and a diploid set of chromosomes arises in a 2-celled embryo. Keywords: male and female gametes, fertilization, syngamy, triple fusion, fertilization types, angiosperms DOI: 10.31857/S0006813624010013, EDN: FFLKVQ The gametes, represented in angiosperms of the zygote) (Gerassimova-Navashina, 1947, 1957, 1960, 1969, 1990). Available information in the literature indicates that general principles of fertilization mechanisms in animals and flowering plants are more conserved than previously thought. Among them there are following aspects: structure by sperms and egg cells, unlike somatic cells, have a haploid set of chromosomes. The places of localization, the time of the appearance of gametes during ontogenesis, the features of differentiation and transformation, as well as some of gametes, cell–cell communication events between gametes as well as their physical interaction and fusion during fertilization (Marton, Dresselhaus, 2008; Dresselhaus et al., 2016; Shin et al., 2021). However, the types of fertilization were not considered. Fertilization of the central cell by sperm has been other structural characteristics are specific. Of considerable scientific interest is the hypothesis of the similarity of fertilization processes in plants and animals. According to this hypothesis, in plants, like animals, there are two types of fertilization, depending on when the nuclei of sexual cells unite: premitotic (before mitosis of the zygote nucleus) and postmitotic (after the onset or during division studied in a small number of flowering plants, and this process is given less attention than the study 5
SHAMROV, ANISIMOVA v c m 3 1 g c 2 4 sp n v c 5 6 7 8 p g p g 9 10 Fig. 1. Formation of pollen grains and pollen tubes. 1–4 – Ceratophyllum demersum, 5–8 – C. platyacanthum (Ceratophyllaceae), 9 – Gagea stipitata (Liliaceae), 10 – Hemerocallis citrina (Hemerocallidaceae). (1–8 – after Shamrov, 1983; 9 – after Shamrov, 1990a; 10 – after Shamrov, 1990b). g c – generative cell, m – microspore, n v c – nucleus of vegetative cell, p g – pollen grain, sp – sperm, v c – vegetative cell. Scale bar, µm: 30. chromatin and polar nuclei occurs in metaphase, as in the postmitotic type (Batygina, 1974; Korobova, 1982). In Zephyranthes candida Lindl., Z. grandiflora Lindl. and Z. macrosiphon Baker (Amaryllidaceae), syngamy occurs according to the premitotic type; in the first two species the fusion of the central cell and sperm is also premitotic, while in Z. macrosiphon it is postmitotic (Vorsobina, Solntseva, 1979). In Dios- corea caucasica Lipsky (Dioscoreaceae) the triple fusion is similar to the syngamy of the premitotic type. In another species, D. nipponica Makino, an intermediate nature of the fusion of sperm and central cell was revealed (Torshilova, 2018). For a number of flowering plants, it was shown that the process of syngamy is simultaneously characterized by traits of different types. An electron of the egg (syngamy). Since in flowering plants the endosperm resulting from triple fusion is necessary for coordinating the development of the embryo and seed germination, its formation usually begins before the division of the zygote. That is why the way of endosperm formation does not always correspond to the type of fusion of female and male gametes during syngamy and most often occurs according to the premitotic type or is characterized by signs of premitotic and postmitotic types. Thus, for Triticum aestivum L. and Zea mays L. (Poaceae), it was shown that, although double fertilization occurs according to the premitotic type, the sperm chromosomes of the resulting nucleus of the primary endosperm cell enter prophase separately from the chromosomes of the polar nuclei. Complete union of sperm БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ том 109 № 1 2024
GAMETE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT IN CONNECTION WITH FERTILIZATION... 7 m microscopic study revealed that the fusion of the sexual nuclei is carried out according to a united plan, i while they actually represent a single lobed nucleus, and the patterns of different types of fertilization at the light-optical level represent differences in the rate of their complete union (Plyushch, 1992). A comparative analysis of syngamy in plants and n e s ps animals revealed that in the postmitotic type in plants, sperm enters the egg, while in many animals, the spermatozoid penetrates into developing oocyte during the first or second division of meiosis and activates it for further development (Shamrov, 2015b). pd h ch It was the presence of a number of contradictions in the literature that prompted us to analyze the available data not only on syngamy, but also on the features of the formation of sexual cells that are involved in its passage. Gametogenesis. In flowering plants, male v b gametogenesis is a long process and occurs within specialized gametophytes that develop in anthers. The male gametophyte is represented by pollen grains, 2-celled (Fig. 1, 1–4, 9) or 3-celled (Fig. 1, 10). In 2-celled pollen grains, gametes are not yet formed, and they arise during the growth of the pollen tube (Fig. 1, 5–8). In both variants, the gametes are Fig. 2. Mature ovule structure in Ceratophyllum demersum (Ceratophyllaceae) (after Shamrov, 1997). e s – embryo sperm-cells (Shamrov, 2015a). Sperms are connected to each other by a common sac, h – hypostase, i – integument, m – micropyle, n – nucellus, pd – podium, ps – postament, v b – vascular bundle. Scale bar, µm: 30. sac (Dumas et al., 1985). The cytoplasmic projection plays a structural role in linking the male germ unit, but potentially can perform other important roles (McCue et al., 2011). There is an opinion that such median cell plate or by protrusions of their protoplasts using structures resembling plasmodesmata (Russel, Cass, 1981). Detailed studies on sperm formation have been carried out. In Hordeum species (Poaceae), during the division of the generative cell, organelles move to the peripheral regions of the cytoplasm. Microtubules, individual cisterns of the granular a complex arises already in a 2-celled pollen grain, while the nucleus of the vegetative cell contacts the cytoplasmic “tail” of the generative cell (a large number of microtubules are located here) (Ermakov et al., 2016). In most flowering plants, the sperms are isomorphic, but in some, their dimorphism is noted – the sperms of one pair differ in size, amount of cytoplasm, and volume of nuclei. In Plumbago zeylanica L. (Plumbaginaceae), the larger sperm is in contact with the nucleus of the vegetative cell (Russell, 1984). In Nicotiana tabacum, the sperm that is not associated with the nucleus of a endoplasmic reticulum, and many free ribosomes are found in the area of the spindle. In the late telophase, vesicles of dictyosomes and microtubules are located in the center of the phragmoplast, where the median cell plate is formed between the sperms (Charzynska et al., 1988). In Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae), the division of the generative cell is also accompanied by the formation of a phragmoplast between the protoplasts of two sperms (Palevitz, 1993), while in Tradescantia virginiana L. (Commelinaceae), this process occurs without the participation of the phragmoplast and is characterized by the formation of a constriction (Palevitz, Cresti, 1989). In flowering plants, one sperm cell has a cytoplasmic projection with the nucleus of a vegetative cell. The Male Germ vegetative cell is smaller, richer in plastids, and poor in mitochondria compared to the associated sperm (Yu et al., 1992). Dimorphism was found in members of other families of flowering plants: Unit (MGU) appears and moves towards the embryo БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ том 109 № 1 2024
SHAMROV, ANISIMOVA a c 1 2 3 t mg 4 5 6 7 e s 8 9 Fig. 3. Ovule structure at archesporium stage (1), megasporogenesis (2–5) and first stages of embryo sac development in (6–9) in Gentiana lutea (Gentianaceae) (after Shamrov, 1988). 1–9 – stages of development. a c – archesporial cells, e s – embryo sac, t mg – tetrad of megaspores. Scale bar, µm: 30. Chenopodiaceae – Spinacia oleracea L. (Wilms, is associated with male gametes using short actin microfilaments (Heslop-Harrisson J., HeslopHarrisson Y., 1989; Russell, 1992; Knox et al., 1993). 1986), Brassicaceae – Brassica campestris L. and B. oleracea L. (Dumas et al., 1985), Poaceae – Zea mays (Rusche, Mogensen, 1988), Euphorbiaceae – Female gametophytes are represented by embryo Euphorbia dulcis L. (Murgai, Wilms, 1988), Ericaceae – Rhododendron macgregoriae F. Muell. (Taylor et al., 1989), Liliaceae – Gagea lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. sacs of different structures, depending on the type of their development. Their formation occurs in the ovule (Johri, 1963; Shamrov, 2008; Rudall, 2021). (Yang et al., 1995). The contractile proteins (myosin The ovule of angiosperms is an organ comprising the nucellus, integuments, chalaza, and funiculus. The events of archesporium differentiation, megasporogenesis and embryo sac formation take place and actin), which are part of microfilaments, were found in the cytoplasm of a vegetative cell. Myosin is located on the nucleus of a vegetative cell and БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ том 109 № 1 2024
GAMETE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT IN CONNECTION WITH FERTILIZATION... 9 show polyploidization of nuclei (Ceratophyllaceae, Gentianaceae, Ranunculaceae, etc. – Zhukova, Sokolovskaya, 1977; Shamrov, 2008; Butuzova, 2018) (Fig. 5, 2). In some plants, there is an increase in the number of antipodes (Nelumbonaceae – Titova, 1988), which is accompanied by an increase in it (Fig. 2). After fertilization both the embryo and endosperm arise. The complex transformations of the embryo, endosperm and surrounding tissues developing in conjunction with them result in the seed formation. The ovules and seeds are characterized by considerable diversity in the shape, the degree of development and the structure (Shamrov, 2018). Various specific structures are in the ploidy of nuclei in cells (Poaceae, etc. – Batygina, 1974). Antipodal cells are equipped with formed in the nucellus, that provide differentiation. The postament is a column-like tissue located below complete cell walls. They are organized according to the transfer cells, and play an important role in the nutrition of the embryo sac, performing the functions of adsorption, transport, and synthesis of a number of metabolites. In the formed embryo sac of many plants, all cells of the egg apparatus have a complete cell walls. In the process of maturation of the embryo sac in the apical parts of the egg and synergids, some of the cell walls are lost (possibly, substances cease to accumulate in them), and before fertilization, the protoplasts of these cells (on the side of the central cell) are surrounded only by the plasmalemma (Russell, 1992). In the basal part of the synergids, the sporogenous or gametophytic structures. The podium is a cup-shaped structure arising in the chalazal zone of the nucellus. The hypostase is a boundary tissue between the nucellus, integuments and chalaza. The major function of all the special structures in question appears to be that of directed translocation of nutrients: the hypostase – to the nucellus and integuments; the podium – to the lateral (lateral transport through integumentary tapetum and central cell) and, presumably, apical nucellar regions (apical transport through synergids and parietal tissue); and the postament – to the basal nucellar region (basal transport through antipodals) (Shamrov, 2008, 2022). Female gametophyte in angiosperms consists a filiform apparatus differentiates – a system of winding, highly branched outgrowths of the cell wall (Fig. 4, 6; 5, 1). Such outgrowths increase the surface of egg apparatus, antipodals, and central cell. The egg apparatus is presented by egg and two synergids (Female Germ Unit – FGU). This notion was proposed by Dumas et al. (1984). Subsequently, the content of this concept was expanded. Now the female germ unit is comprised of the egg, two synergids, and the central cell (Huang, Russell, of the plasmalemma, which gives it the properties of transfer cells for the transport of substances. The central cell in the area of contact with the egg is also covered with a plasmalemma. Here, an extracellular space, or “gap”, is formed, where sperms enter. It is designated as the gamete interaction zone (Sprunck et al., 2012). 1992). The female gametes are the egg and the central Fertilization traits in angiosperms and gymnosperms in the light of endosperm origin. In gymnosperms (Goroschankin, 1880) and cell (Fig. 3, 1–9; 4, 1–6). The egg is located on the side, usually slightly below the synergids. It, as a rule, has a pear-shaped shape and is characterized by morphological polarity: the nucleus is located at the apical end, and the vacuole is located at the basal pole. The synergids are egg-like and are also characterized by polarity, with the nucleus at the basal end and the vacuole at the apical pole or center of the cells (Fig. 4, 5, 6; 5, 1–3). In the largest central cell of the embryo sac, 2 polar nuclei most often form (Fig. 4, 4), which usually fuse to form a secondary nucleus before fertilization (Fig. 4, 6; 5, 1–3). The antipodal cells are arranged in the form angiosperms (Strasburger, 1884; Guignard, 1886), like other higher plants, single fertilization was first described. It was believed that the second sperm of the pollen tube is destroyed and does not participate in fertilization. However, double fertilization was later found in flowering plants, which is one of the distinguishing characteristics of these plants. It includes the union of one sperm with an egg (later, an embryo is formed from the resulting zygote), and the second sperm (of the same pair) with the central cell of the embryo sac (endosperm develops). The phenomenon of double fertilization was of a triangle or a line of three cells and are localized at the chalazal pole of the embryo sac (Fig. 4, 6; 5, 1). They may be ephemeral and disappear before or during fertilization. Remaining after fertilization, the antipodes can increase in size, while they discovered in the study of fertilization in Fritillaria tenella M. Bieb. and Lilium martagon L. from the Liliaceae family (Nawaschin, 1898a, b). Both БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ том 109 № 1 2024