Словарь омонимов английского языка (в диахронном аспекте)

ɄɊȺɋɂɄɈȼȺ Ɍ. ɂ.
ɋɅɈȼȺɊɖ ɈɆɈɇɂɆɈȼ
ȺɇȽɅɂɃɋɄɈȽɈ əɁɕɄȺ
(ɜ ɞɢɚɯɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ)
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
2023

ɍȾɄ 80/81 
ȻȻɄ 81.2Ⱥɧɝɥ
Ʉ78
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ:
ɇ.Ɉ. Ɉɫɢɩɨɜɚ,
ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢ, 
ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ  
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ȼɹɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɪɚɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ»  
Ɍ.ɂ. Ƚɚɥɟɟɜɚ,
ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɂɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ  
ɢ Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ, Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ 
Ʉɪɚɫɢɤɨɜɚ Ɍ.ɂ.
Ʉ78
ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ
ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɜ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚ (ɜ
ɞɢɚɯɪɨɧɧɨɦ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ) / Ɍ.ɂ. Ʉɪɚɫɢɤɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ 
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬ», 2023. – 324 ɫ. 
ISBN   978-5-907692-08-4
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɭ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ 
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ 
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɥɫɹ ɤ ɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 
ɞɪɟɜɧɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ 
ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɤɟ ɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ 
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ, 
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ, ɫɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɢ 
ɧɨɜɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɯ. 
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɨɜ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɜ, 
ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɟɯ, ɤɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɢ. Ȼɭɞɟɬ 
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɟɡɟɧ ɬɟɦ, ɤɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɢ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ 
ɹɡɵɤɚ. 
ɍȾɄ 80/81 
ȻȻɄ 81.2Ⱥɧɝɥ 
ISBN  978-5-907692-08-4 
©  Ʉɪɚɫɢɤɨɜɚ Ɍ.ɂ., 2023 
©  Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ. ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ  
    «ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ  ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬ», 2023

ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ
ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ……………………………………………………...4 
ɑȺɋɌɖ I. ȽȿɇȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂ ɇȿɋȼəɁȺɇɇɕȿ  
ɈɆɈɇɂɆɕ ȾɊȿȼɇȿȺɇȽɅɂɃɋɄɈȽɈ  
ɉȿɊɂɈȾȺ………………………………………….…7 
ɑȺɋɌɖ II. ȽȿɇȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂ ɇȿɋȼəɁȺɇɇɕȿ  
ɈɆɈɇɂɆɕ ɋɊȿȾɇȿȺɇȽɅɂɃɋɄɈȽɈ 
ɉȿɊɂɈȾȺ……………………………………….…..112 
ɑȺɋɌɖ III. ȽȿɇȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂ ɇȿɋȼəɁȺɇɇɕȿ  
ɈɆɈɇɂɆɕ ɇɈȼɈȺɇȽɅɂɃɋɄɈȽɈ  
ɉȿɊɂɈȾȺ……………………………………….….186 
3.1 Ɉɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ ɜ XVIII – XX ɜ.ɜ……….…
186 
3.2 Ɋɚɫɩɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ 18-20 ɜ.ɜ. ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ,  
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɦ  
ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɟɝɨ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ………………………………
250 
3.3 Ɉɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ 18-20 ɜ.ɜ………….252 
3.4 Ɋɹɞɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɯ 
ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ………………………………………………
297 
3.5 ɋɭɡɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ…302 
3.6 ɋɭɡɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ……………………………308 
3.7 Ɋɹɞ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɢ ɫɭɡɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɜ XVII - XX ɜ.ɜ………313 
3.8 Ɋɚɫɩɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ……………………………
313 
ɋɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ………………………………………………………321 
ʊ   3   ʊ 

ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ
 
ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɝɧɺɡɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ 
ɨɦɨɧɢɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ.  
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɺɧ 
ɩɨ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ - 2326. 
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ 
ɫɥɨɜɨ-ɨɦɨɧɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ 
ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɜ. ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ 
ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɟɧɨ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɧɨɜɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. 
ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ.  
ɉɟɪɜɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 
ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ 
ɧɟ 
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ 
ɢ 
ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɵ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɱɬɨ 
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 445 ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɢɯ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ 
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɟɧɚ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ 
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɡɚɦ.  
ȼɬɨɪɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ 
ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɱɬɨ 
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 773 ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɚ. ɂɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ 
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ. 
Ɉɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɜɚ – ɨɦɨɧɢɦɵ, 
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ ɞɨ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ 
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. 
Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɵ 
ɧɨɜɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ 18-20 ɜɟɤɚ. ȼɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɵ 
ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɪɹɞɵ: ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ, ɫɭɡɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɢ 
ɪɚɫɩɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ.  
 
- ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɜ 18-20 ɜɟɤɚɯ – 16 ɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ; 
- ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɪɹɞɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ- 284 ɪɹɞɚ; 
- ɫɭɡɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ -20 
ɪɹɞɨɜ; 
- ɪɹɞɵ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɩɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɟ 
ɫɜɨɺ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ -22 ɪɹɞɚ; 
 - ɫɭɡɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɪɹɞɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ -30 ɪɹɞɨɜ; 
- ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɩɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɪɹɞɵ ɡɚ ɧɨɜɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ: - 650 
ɪɹɞɨɜ. 
 
 
ʊ   4   ʊ 
 

Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ 
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ 
ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ 
ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɨɜ 
ɢ 
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ 
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ 
ɹɡɵɤɚ 
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɜ 
ɢ 
ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ, ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ 
«Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚ», ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ 
ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɫ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ 
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ 
«ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ». 
ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ-ɨɦɨɧɢɦɵ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, 
ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɫɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ 
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɜ. Ɉɦɨɧɢɦɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ 
ɪɹɞɵ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ. 
ȼ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɜ: ɡɚ 
ɫɥɨɜɨɦ-ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɦ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɢ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ, 
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ 
ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɹ. ɍ ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɯ 
ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɢ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɨɦɨɧɢɦɚ, ɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɥɨɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ 
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɫɫɵɥɨɤ, ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɦ 
Ɉɤɫɮɨɪɞɫɤɢɦ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟɦ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɚ 
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɨɬ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ, 
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɧɚɲ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ (ɫɥɷɧɝɢɡɦɵ, ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ), 
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ 
ɨɦɨɧɢɦɵ. 
ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ- ɨɦɨɧɢɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ 
ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɮɨɪɦ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɸɳɭɸ 
ɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ. 
 
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ 
ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ: 
1. J. Bosworth. A Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language. L., 1838 
2. J. Bosworth. Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. L., 1894. 
3. J. Bosworth, T.N. Toller. A Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language. 
L., 1984. 
4. F.H. Stratman. A Middle English Dictionary. Oxford, 1964. 
5. K.K. Kurath, S.M. Kunh. Middle English Dictionary. An rbor, 1952. 
6. James A.H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W.A. Gragie, C.T. Onion. The 
Oxford English Dictionary with Supplement and Bibliography. v.v. I-XII 
Oxford, 1933. 
7. J. R. Clark Hall. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. L. 1962 
ʊ   5   ʊ 
 

8. E. Klein. A comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English 
Language. Oxford, 1967. 
9. C.T. Onions. The Oxford Dictionary of the English Language. Oxford, 
1967. 
10. F. Kluge. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache. 
Berlin. 1960. 
11. A. Meillet. Dictionare etymologique de la langue Latine. I-II, 
Michigan, 1952. 
12. Ogata Inglott R. Dictionary of English Homonyms, Pronouncing and 
Explanatory, Tokyo, 1943. 
13. Skeat W. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. 
New ed. Oxford, 1909. 
14. Webster N. Webster’s synonyms, antonyms and homonyms. New 
York. Ottenhimer, cop., 1962. 
15. H.C. Whitford. A Dictionary of American homophones and 
homographs, N.Y., 1966. 
16. Webster’s Seventh New Dictionary. Springfield, 1969. 
17. Ƚ.Ɏ. Ɍɨɪɠɢɧɫɤɚɹ. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɢ «ɉɭɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ 
ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɢ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ». Ɇ. 1973. 
 
 
ʊ   6   ʊ 
 

ɑȺɋɌɖ I. ȽȿɇȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂ ɇȿɋȼəɁȺɇɇɕȿ
ɈɆɈɇɂɆɕ ȾɊȿȼɇȿȺɇȽɅɂɃɋɄɈȽɈ ɉȿɊɂɈȾȺ
 
VII-X ɜɜ. 
XI-XIII ɜɜ. 
XIV-XVI 
XVII-XX 
ɜɜ. 
ɜɜ. 
 
 
 
1 
ARR1, v. ár, 
(Ger. ehre; Frs. 
ere; Dan. Aere)  
n. Honour. 
 
 
 
 
ARR2, v. ɷer, 
(Ger. Ehe; Frs. 
eren; Icel. ár) 
Adv. Morning. 
 
 
 
2 
ECE1, v. ece. 
(OF.etern; 
Latɷeternus)  
adj. Eternal. 
 
 
 
 
ECE2, (Ger. 
Ach),  
n. An ake. 
 
 
 
3 
EGE1, (Ger. 
egiso), 
v. ege n. Fear. 
 
 
 
 
EGE2, (OFrs. 
ey; ON. eyeand)  
n. An Island. 
 
 
 
4 
El1, (Ger. Dut. 
al; Frs. iel) 
n. An eel. 
 
 
 
 
EL2, v. eal. (ger. 
alter; Dut. al) 
adj. All. 
 
 
El1, v. al, 
n. An awl. 
 
EL3, v. al (Ger. 
ahl; else) 
n. An awl. 
 
 
El2, v. ele, 
n. Oil. 
 
EL4, v. ele 
(Dut. ; Ger. elai 
Ldt.) 
n. Oil. 
ʊ   7   ʊ 
 

 
VII-X ɜɜ. 
XI-XIII ɜɜ. 
XIV-XVI 
XVII-XX 
ɜɜ. 
ɜɜ. 
 
 
Eld1, v. ɷeled,  
n. Fire. 
5 
ELD1, v. ɷelled 
(Dan. ; Swed. 
eld) 
n. Fire. 
 
 
 
 
Eld2, v. eald 
(Ger. ; Dut. 
ould; Frs.) 
 
 
 
 
6 
Ern1, (Frs. earne; 
Dan. arne), n. 
Place. 
 
 
 
 
Ern2, v. ɷeren, 
adj. Brazen.  
 
 
 
7 
ET1, (O. Frs. Et; 
fat. ad),  
Prep. At.  
 
 
 
 
ET2, n. Meat.   
 
 
 
 
8 
EðEL1, v. eðel, 
n. Country.  
 
 
 
 
EðEL2, (Ger. 
adelig; Dut. 
edel)  
adj. Noble. 
EX1, n An axe. EAX1, n An 
axe. 
9 
EX1, (Ger. axt; 
Dut. aks),  
n. An axe.  
EX1, n 
Tool for 
hewing. 
EX2, n. An 
axis. 
EAX2, n. 
Axle. 
 
EX2, v. eax 
(Ger. aches; 
Dut. ase);  
n. An axis. 
EX2, vb. 
(from ax1, 
n.)  To 
shape with 
an ax. 
 
 
 
 
EAX3, vb. 
To furnish 
with an axle.
ʊ   8   ʊ 
 

 
VII-X ɜɜ. 
XI-XIII ɜɜ. 
XIV-XVI 
XVII-XX 
ɜɜ. 
ɜɜ. 
 
 
A-FYLLAN1, 
vb. To fell. 
10 
AFYLLAN1, 
(Ger. Fallen; O. 
Fris. Falla; ON. 
Fella) vb. To 
fell. 
 
 
A-FYLLAN2, 
vb. To fill. 
 
AFYLLAN2, 
(Ger. fullen; O. 
Fris. Fulla; ON. 
Fulla), vb. To 
fill. 
 
AL1, v. eal.  
n. Awl.   
AL1, adv. 
Wholly.   
11 
AL1, v. ɷel. 
(Ger. Dan. al; 
Frs. iel) n. Eel.   
 
AL2, v. eal. 
adj. All.   
AL2, adj. 
All.   
 
AL2, v. ɷel. 
(Ger. ahle; Dut. 
else) n. Awl.   
 
 
 
 
AL3, v. eall. 
(Ger. alle; Dut. 
al) adj. All.   
AN1, adj. One. 
AN1, adj. 
One. 
AN1, prep. 
In. 
12 
AN1, (Ger. ein; 
Dut. een; Fr. 
Ein) Pron. One. 
AN2, indef. 
article 
AN2, prep. In. 
AN2, prep. 
In. 
 
AN2, v. on. 
(Ger. Dut. In) 
Prep. In. 
AN3, (OE. 
ann) vb. To 
favour. 
 
AN3, conj. 
(weakened 
form And) 
 
AN3, v. unnan. 
(Ger. gonnen; 
Dut. gunnen) 
vb. To give. 
 
AN4, conj. 
And. 
 
 
AN4, (OE. 
and) conj. 
And. 
AND1, conj. 
And. 
AND1, conj. 
And. 
AND1, 
conj. And. 
13 
AND1, (Ger. 
und; Dut. en, 
endre; Frs. en) 
conj. And. 
ʊ   9   ʊ 
 

 
VII-X ɜɜ. 
XI-XIII ɜɜ. 
XIV-XVI 
XVII-XX 
ɜɜ. 
ɜɜ. 
 
AND2, prep. 
Against. 
AND2, prep. 
Against. 
 
AND2, (Ger. 
und; Icel. and) 
prep. Against. 
 
 
 
14 
ÁR1, (Ger. ehre; 
Dan. aere; Frs. 
ere) 
n. Glory. 
 
 
 
 
ÁR2, v. ɷerend. 
(Dan. ɷerende; 
Swed. Erende; 
Sansk. arundi) 
n. Legate. 
 
 
 
 
ÁR3, (Dan. aare; 
Swed. ara) 
n. Morning. 
 
ÂRE1, v. ar. 
n. Honour. 
િRE1, n. 
Honour. 
15 
ARE1, v. ár. 
(Ger. ehre; Dut. 
ehre; Danaere; 
Swed. Ara) 
n. Honour.  
 
િRE2, n. 
(OE. Ɨr) Car.
 
ARE2, n. Courtyard. 
ÂRE2, n. 
Court-yard. 
 
ANGEL1, n. 
Hook. 
ANGEL1, n. 
Fish-hook. 
16 
ANGEL1, (Ger. 
Dut. angel) n. 
Hook. 
 
ANGEL2, n. 
Angel. 
ANGEL2, v. 
engel.  
n. Angel. 
 
ANGEL2, v. 
engel. (from 
Lat. angelus) n. 
An angel. 
 
 
 
 
ANGEL3, v. 
Engel.,  
n. Angel in 
Denmark. 
 
 
 
17 
AUðOR1, v. 
aðor. (O. Frs. 
other; ON. 
annarr) 
adv. Other. 
ʊ   10   ʊ