English for it

 
Unit 2. Programming Languages 
МИНИСТЕРСТВО  НАУКИ  И  ВЫСШЕГО  ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 
РОССИЙСКОЙ  ФЕДЕРАЦИИ 
Федеральное государственное автономное  
образовательное учреждение высшего образования 
«ЮЖНЫЙ  ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ  УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» 
Инженерно-технологическая академия 
 
 
О. А. ЗАБЛОЦКАЯ 
Э. А. СИДЕЛЬНИК 
А. А. ОПРЫШКО 
 
 
ENGLISH  FOR  IT 
 
 
Учебное пособие 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ростов-на-Дону – Таганрог 
Издательство Южного федерального университета 
 
2023 
 
1 

 
УДК 811.11(075.8) 
ББК  81.2 Англ-92 
         З-124 
Печатается по решению кафедры иностранных языков Института 
управления в экономических, экологических и социальных системах                 
Южного федерального университета 
(протокол № 10 от 15 мая 2023 г.) 
Рецензенты: 
кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков                      
Института управления в экономических, экологических и социальных              
системах Южного федерального университета А. С. Трач 
заведующая кафедрой английского языка Таганрогского института           
имени А. П. Чехова (филиала) ФГБОУ ВО «РГЭУ (РИНХ)»,                        
кандидат филологических наук, доцент О. В. Кравец 
Заблоцкая, О. А. 
З-124  
ENGLISH  FOR  IT : учебное пособие / О. А. Заблоцкая, Э. А. Си- 
дельник, А. А. Опрышко ; под общей редакцией Г. А. Краснощековой ; 
Южный федеральный университет. – Ростов-на-Дону ; Таганрог : Издательство Южного федерального университета, 2023. – 183 с. 
ISBN 978-5-9275-4588-9 
Учебное пособие «ENGLISH FOR IT» предназначено для студентов 
направлений подготовки и специальностей, связанных со сферой информационных технологий. Цель учебного пособия – развитие профессиональной иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции студентов. Работа с предлагаемым учебным 
пособием даст студентам возможность совершенствовать профессиональную компоненту образования в области информационных технологий при изучении дисциплины «Иностранный язык для деловой коммуникации». Данное учебное пособие также может быть использовано студентами других направлений подготовки 
и специальностей, широким кругом лиц, имеющих достаточный уровень сформированности лингвистической компетенции, интересующихся проблемами информационных технологий. 
УДК 811.11(075.8) 
ББК 81.2 Англ-92 
ISBN 978-5-9275-4588-9 
© Южный федеральный университет, 2023 
© Заблоцкая О. А., Сидельник Э. А.,  
    Опрышко А. А., 2023 
© Оформление. Макет. Издательство  
    Южного федерального университета, 2023 
 
2 

 
Unit 1. Computer Architecture and Software 
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ 
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ …………………………………………..…………... 
4 
Unit 1. COMPUTER  ARCHITECTURE  AND  SOFTWARE ……….. 
5 
Unit 2. PROGRAMMING  LANGUAGES ……………………………. 
21 
Unit 3. GRAPHIC  DESIGN …………………………………………… 
39 
Unit 4. MULTIMEDIA ………………………………………………… 
52 
Unit 5. TELECOMMUNICATION ……………………………………. 
67 
Unit 6. ARTIFICIAL  INTELLIGENCE ...…………………….………. 
81 
Unit 7. CLOUD  COMPUTING ………………………………….…….. 
99 
Unit 8. BIG  DATA ...…………………………………………….…….. 
116 
Unit 9. THE  INTERNET  OF  THINGS .……………………………… 
132 
Unit 10. INFORMATION  SECURITY …...…………………………… 
149 
APPENDIX …………………………………………………………….. 
166 
181 
СПИСОК  ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ .…………………………………………… 
 
 
 
3 

 
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ 
Учебное пособие «ENGLISH FOR IT» призвано обеспечить формирование и развитие профессионально ориентированной иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции студентов направлений подготовки и специальностей, связанных со сферой информационных технологий. 
Разработанное авторами учебное пособие написано с учетом рабочей 
программы дисциплины «Иностранный язык для деловой коммуникации» 
и предназначено как для индивидуальной и групповой работы в аудитории, 
так и для самостоятельной работы студентов. 
Пособие содержит десять тематических разделов (Units): COMPUTER 
ARCHITECTURE AND SOFTWARE, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, 
GRAPHIC DESIGN, MULTIMEDIA, TELECOMMUNICATION, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, CLOUD COMPUTING, BIG DATA, THE INTERNET OF THINGS, INFORMATION SECURITY. Каждый раздел состоит из 
следующих подразделов: Lead In – вводная часть, знакомящая студентов с 
проблематикой раздела. Useful vocabulary – работа с определениями основных терминов раздела. Useful Grammar – тренировка основных грамматических явлений раздела. Specialist Reading – чтение оригинальных текстов 
по теме раздела. Все тексты являются аутентичными, они сокращены, но не 
адаптированы. Language in Use – выполнение лексических упражнений. 
Подразделы Speaking и Writing содержат упражнения для развития навыков 
устной и письменной речи, целью которых является развитие творческого 
мышления студентов, которые получат мотивацию для дальнейшего изучения и критического осмысления обсуждаемых проблем. 
Авторы пособия благодарят рецензентов – кандидата филологических 
наук, заведующую кафедрой английского языка Таганрогского института 
имени А. П. Чехова (филиала) ФГБОУ ВО «РГЭУ (РИНХ)» О. В. Кравец, 
кандидата филологических наук, доцента кафедры иностранных языков 
ИУЭС ЮФУ А. С. Трач, коллектив кафедры иностранных языков Института управления в экономических, экологических и социальных системах 
Южного федерального университета в лице заведующей кафедрой иностранных языков Г. А. Краснощековой за ценные предложения и методические рекомендации. 
Авторы с благодарностью примут все замечания и пожелания и учтут 
их в дальнейшей работе. 
 
4 

 
Unit 1. Computer Architecture and Software 
UNIT 1 
COMPUTER  ARCHITECTURE  AND  SOFTWARE 
LEAD-IN 
1. Follow the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-M6lANfzFsM to 
watch “The History of Computing” and learn about the evolution of computing. While watching the video pick out the main steps in the history of computing.
 
2. Watch the video again and match the scientists with their contributions to the development of computing and the period when these contributions took place. 
 
Scientists or       
Companies 
Contributions 
Period 
1 
Herman Hollerith 
Chinese abacus 
1958 
1642 
2 
Blaise Pascal 
First mechanical adding machine 
(The Pascaline) 
3 
Gottfried Lienniz 
Binary arithmetic  
1660 – early 1700s 
4 
Charles Babbage 
Mechanical calculating engines 
1800s 
The difference engine 
The late 1800s 
The Analytical calculating engine 1830 
1954 
5 
 
The algorithm that calculates 
Bernoulli numbers 
Data 
analysis, 
looping 
and 
1800s 
memory addressing 
6 
Bell Labs 
The census tabulator  
3000BC 
1936 
7 
Jay Forrester 
The concept of a universal machine 
8 
IBM 
The first programmable computer 1800s 
The Z4 
1971 
The Mark 1 
1937 
9 
Alan Turing with colleagues    
10 Intel 
The first computer bug 
The late 1930s 
The first computer compiler 
1950s 
5 

Unit 1. Computer Architecture and Software 
 
Scientists or       
Companies 
Contributions 
Period 
11 John Atanasoff 
The first digital computer 
1937–1942 
12 Jack Kilby 
Colossus 
1943 
13 Alan Turing 
ENIAC 
1946 
14 Douglas Engelbart 
EDVAC 
1936 
Computer virology 
1950s 
15 IBM 
The TRADIC 
1954 
16 Howard Aiken 
The random-access magnetic core store 
1820 
17 Von Neumann 
The first hard driver 
1957 
18 John Backus 
Fortran 
1950 
19 Ada Lovelace 
The integrated circuit  
1971 
20 Konrad Zuse 
The mouse  
1964 
21 Grace Hopper 
The floppy disc 
1951 
22  
DRAM 
1942 
USEFUL  VOCABULARY 
3. To be able to discuss the main features, peculiarities and types of 
computer hardware and software we need to study the following terminology and professional vocabulary. 
Adware (n) [ˈædweə(r)] – software that automatically puts advertisements 
onto a computer screen when a person is using the internet.
Algorithm (n) ['ælg(ə)rɪð(ə)m] – a series of mathematical steps, especially 
in a computer programme, which will give you the answer to a particular kind of 
problem or question. 
Bug (n) [bʌg] – an error in a computer program or system. 
Bus (n) [bʌs] – a distinct set of conductors carrying data and control signals 
within a computer system, to which pieces of equipment may be connected in 
parallel. 
Chassis (n) [ʃæ'si:] – the frame, base of a device, equipment or a vehicle 
onto which the metal covering is fixed. 
Component (n) [kəm'pəunənt] – a part or element of a larger whole, especially a part of a machine or vehicle. 
Computer (n) [kəm'pjuːtə] – an electronic device (machine) which is used 
for storing data, organizing and finding words, numbers and pictures, for doing 
calculations and for controlling other machines. 
Computer programmer (n) ['prəugræmə] – a person whose job involves 
writing programs for computers. 
6 

Unit 1. Computer Architecture and Software 
CPU [ˌsiːpiːˈjuː] (Central processing unit (n) ['sentr(ə)l] ['prəusesɪŋ] 
['juːnɪt]) – the part of a computer in which operations are controlled and executed. 
Debugging (n) [ˌdiː'bʌgɪŋ] – is the process of identifying and removing errors from computer hardware or software. 
Digitization (n) [dɪʤɪtaɪ'zeɪʃ(ə)n] – the process of putting information into 
digital form, usually so that it can be processed by a digital computer. 
DOS [dɒs] (disk operating system) (n) – a computer operating system that 
controls and manages files and programs stored on disk; DOS is a shorthand term 
for several closely related operating systems (MS-DOS, PC DOS, DR-DOS, etc.) 
that dominated the IBM PC compatible market. 
Eliminate (v) [ə'lɪmɪneɪt] – completely remove or get rid of something. 
File (n) [faɪl] – holder, cover, case, box, etc. for keeping data. 
Firmware (n) – a set of instructions that form part of an electronic device 
and allow it to communicate with a computer or with other electronic devices. 
Flowchart (n) [ˈfləʊ.tʃɑːt] – a graphical representation of a computer program in relation to its sequence of functions. 
Freeware (n) [ˈfriːweə(r)] – software that is offered to customers for free, 
especially as a download from the internet. 
Groupware (n) [ˈɡruːpweə(r)] – software that is designed to help groups of 
people work together more effectively. 
GUI [ˈɡuː.i] (graphical user interface) (n) – a visual way of interacting with 
a computer using items such as windows, icons, and menus, used by most modern 
operating systems. 
Hardware (n) ['hɑːdwɛə] – the machines, wiring and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system: processing hardware, storage 
hardware. 
Input device (n) ['ɪnput] [dɪ'vaɪs] – a piece of computer equipment such as 
a keyboard which enables you to put information into a computer. 
Output device ['autpʊt] [dɪ'vaɪs] – are used to get responses from the computer in the form of a hard copy (printer), a video (monitor), sound (speakers), 
or media devices (CD or DVD drives). The function of these output devices is 
to translate the machine’s response into a form clearly understandable by the 
computer user. 
Integrated circuit (n) ['ɪntɪgreɪtɪd] ['sɜːkɪt] – an electronic circuit formed on 
a small piece of semiconducting material: circuit board, circuit diagram, printed 
circuit (board). 
7 

Unit 1. Computer Architecture and Software 
LINUX (n) [ˈlɪn.əks] – an operating system modeled on Unix, whose source 
code is publicly available at no charge. 
Mainframe (n) [ˈmeɪnfreɪm] – a large high-speed computer, especially one 
supporting numerous workstations or peripherals. 
Malware (n) [ˈmælweə(r)] – software that is designed to damage the information on other people's computers and prevent the computers from working 
normally. 
Memory-storage device (n) ['mem(ə)rɪ 'stɔːrɪʤ] [dɪ'vaɪs] – the part of a 
computer in which data or program instructions can be stored for retrieval. 
Microprocessor (n) [ˌmaɪkrə(u)'prəusesə] – an integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central processing unit of a computer. 
Motherboard (n) ['mʌðəbɔːd] – a printed circuit board containing the principal components of a computer or other device, with connectors for other circuit 
boards to be slotted into. 
Operating system (n) [ˈɒpəreɪtɪŋ ˌsɪstəm] – the system software that allows 
all the hardware and software components to work together. It consists of a set of 
programs that manages all the computer's resources, including the data in main 
memory and in auxiliary storage. 
Program (n) ['prəugræm] – a set of instructions that a computer follows in 
order to perform a particular task. 
Quantum computer [ˌkwɒn.təm kəmˈpjuː.tər] – a computer which makes 
use of the quantum states of subatomic particles to store information; a computer 
that does certain types of complicated calculations much faster than a traditional 
computer, using qubits (= units of computer information that have quantum 
characteristics ) instead of bits (= units of computer information that must be 
either 0 or 1). 
RAM (Random Access Memory) [ræm] – the part of a computer in which 
information is stored while you are using it. 
ROM (Read-only memory) [rɔm] – the permanent part of a computer's 
memory. The information stored there can be read but not changed. 
Schedule (n) ['ʃedjuːl] – a plan for carrying out a process or procedure, giving lists of intended events and times. 
Semiconductor (n) [semɪkən'dʌktə] – a material, such as silicon, which allows electricity to move through it more easily when its temperature increases, or 
an electronic device made from this material. 
8 

Unit 1. Computer Architecture and Software 
Server (n) ['sɜːvə] – a computer or computer program which manages access 
to a centralized resource or service in a network. 
Shareware (n) [ˈʃeəweə(r)] – software that is available to use and which 
you pay for only if you wish to continue using it after a particular length of time. 
Software (n) ['sɔftweə] – the collection of computer programs and related 
data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do: system software, 
application software. 
Spyware (n) [ˈspaɪweə(r)] – software that is designed to collect information 
about how someone uses the internet, or personal information such as passwords, 
without the user knowing about it. 
Ubiquitous (adj) [juː'bɪkwɪtəs] – present, appearing, or found everywhere. 
If you describe something or someone as ubiquitous, you mean that they seem to 
be everywhere. 
UNIX (n) [ˈjuːnɪks] (Uniplexed Information and Computing System) – an 
operating system analogous to DOS and Windows, supporting multiple concurrent users. This computer operating system was developed in 1969 by Ken 
Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. Today is used to describe any operating system 
that conforms to Unix standards, meaning the core operating system operates the 
same as the original Unix operating system. 
Wetware (n) – a term drawn from the computer-related idea of hardware or 
software, but applied to biological life forms. 
4. Think about the Russian equivalents of the terms given above. 
5. Match the following definitions with the terms. 
 
DEFINITIONS 
TERMS 
1 An electronic device (machine) which is used for storing data, 
flowchart 
organizing and finding words, numbers and pictures, for doing 
calculations and for controlling other machines. 
2 The part of a computer in which operations are controlled and 
mainframe  
executed. 
3 A computer operating system that controls and manages files 
and programs stored on disk. 
memory-storage 
device 
4 A graphical representation of a computer program in relation 
RAM 
to its sequence of functions. 
5 Visual way of interacting with a computer using items such as 
computer 
windows, icons, and menus, used by most modern operating 
systems. 
9 

Unit 1. Computer Architecture and Software 
 
DEFINITIONS 
TERMS 
integrated circuit 
6 An electronic circuit formed on a small piece of semiconducting material: circuit board, circuit diagram, printed circuit 
(board). 
DOS  
7 A large high-speed computer, especially one supporting numerous workstations or peripherals. 
CPU  
8 The part of a computer in which data or program instructions 
can be stored for retrieval. 
program 
9 An integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central 
processing unit of a computer. 
operating system 
10 A printed circuit board containing the principal components of 
a computer or other device, with connectors for other circuit 
boards to be slotted into. 
quantum 
com11 The system software that allows all the hardware and software 
puter  
components to work together. It consists of a set of programs 
that manages all the computer's resources, including the data 
in main memory and in auxiliary storage. 
GUI  
12 A set of instructions that a computer follows in order to perform a particular task. 
ROM 
13 A computer which makes use of the quantum states of subatomic particles to store information. 
microprocessor  
14 The part of a computer in which information is stored while 
you are using it. 
motherboard 
15 The permanent part of a computer's memory. The information 
stored there can be read but not changed. 
6. Match the words in A with their synonyms in B. 
 
A 
 
B 
1 input 
a rail  
2 output  
b virus 
3 schedule 
c element 
4 component d remove 
5 eliminate 
e timetable 
6 chassis 
f outturn 
7 bug 
g machine  
8 bus 
h procedure 
9 device 
i 
frame  
10 algorithm 
j 
contribution  
10