Профессиональный английский язык: экономика и менеджмент

М.В. МЕЛЬНИЧУК
М.А. БЕЛОГАШ
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ 
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК:
ЭКОНОМИКА И МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES: 
ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
УЧЕБНИК
Москва
ИНФРА-М
2024

УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1я73
	
М48
Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
Борисова И.В., кандидат филологических наук, доцент, доцент 
Московского городского педагогического университета;
Селиванова М.А., кандидат экономических наук, доцент, доцент 
Финансового университета при Правительстве Российской Федерации
Мельничук М.В.
М48	 	
Профессиональный английский язык: экономика и менеджмент. 
English for Specific Purposes: Economics and Management  : учебник  / 
М.В.  Мельничук, М.А. Белогаш.  — Москва  : ИНФРА-М, 2024.  — 
217 с. — (Высшее образование). 
ISBN 978-5-16-019145-4 (print)
ISBN 978-5-16-111900-6 (online)
Основной целью учебника является формирование и развитие у студентов языковых и речевых иноязычных навыков, умений и профессиональных компетенций, позволяющих использовать иностранный язык 

как средство деловой коммуникации в профессиональной сфере. Тематика 
учебника охватывает вопросы экономической, финансовой и управленческой деятельности. Грамматические задания разработаны на основе профессиональной лексики, предлагаемые кейсы и  деловые игры нацелены 
на совершенствование коммуникативных навыков в области бизнес-коммуникаций; раздел, посвященный критическому мышлению, способствует 
развитию личностно ориентированных когнитивных навыков и стратегий, 
что является необходимой составляющей современного специалиста.
Учебник предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по образовательным программам укрупненной группы направлений подготовки 38.00.00 
«Экономика и управление».
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1я73
©  Мельничук М.В., 
ISBN 978-5-16-019145-4 (print)
ISBN 978-5-16-111900-6 (online)
Белогаш М.А., 2024

Introduction
We offer a manual which will give you the best possible learning 
opportunities in professional English. The materials for study are grouped 
into eight identically structured units which are aimed at reading, writing 
and developing communication skills based on the vocabulary and 
speech patterns oriented towards the needs of businessmen. Each unit 
provides the materials for careful study and practice of the economic and 
management terms and concepts as well as language means to be used 
throughout the course of English as a second language for professional 
purposes.
Self-inclusive units provide flexibility in the studies of professional 
English. The materials contained in the manual cover the major aspects 
of economics and management. The manual includes vocabulary, reading, 
listening, lexis and grammar tasks, case studies, critical thinking tasks, 
quotes, and jokes, which develops language and communication skills.
3

Unit 1.
ECONOMIES AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Quote of the day: Everything is worth what its purchaser will pay 
for it.
(Pablilius Syrus)
Make it a point
to learn about
different types of economy
to review how
use verb tenses
to practice
analyzing a case
1.1. GET STARTED
They say money makes the world go round! Well, not literally — but 
each country’s approach to money will determine how citizens live their 
lives. The different types of economies, and their associated systems, have 
effects on how resources are managed and organized, while different levels 
of development influence the job opportunities available locally. Let’s take 
a look at the different types of economies, different economic sectors, and 
how economic wealth can affect a person’s well-being.
1.1.1. Brush up your existing knowledge
1.	 What type of economy do you live in?
2.	 What type of economy did your grandparents live in?
3.	 Why do you think the type of the economic system is important 
for businesses to operate?
1.2. STUDY THE ACTIVE VOCABULARY
allocate verb
allocation noun
распределять
распределение
advocate verb
высказываться за, отстаивать
adjust verb
корректировать
artificial adj.
искусственный
associated adj.
связанный, ассоциированный
barter noun
бартер
4

Continuation of the table
blend verb
сочетаться, гармонировать
a business countable noun
business uncountable noun
фирма, предприятие
бизнес (торговля)
choose verb
choice noun
make a choice phrase
делать выбор, выбрать
выбор
осуществить выбор
centralized power phrase
централизованная власть
consume goods and services phrase
consumer noun
потреблять товары и услуги
потребитель
compete with somebody phrase
strong competition phrase
конкурировать с кем-либо
сильная конкуренция
currency noun
валюта
commodity noun
товар
develop verb
развивать
developing adj.
developed adj.
development noun
развивающийся
развитый
развитие
determine verb
определить
distribute verb
distribution noun
распределить
распределение
decrease verb
уменьшать(ся), уменьшение
demand and supply nouns
спрос и предложение
defence noun
оборона, защита
market economy phrase
planned economy phrase
mixed economy phrase
рыночная экономика
плановая экономика
смешанная экономика
equality noun
равенство
exist verb
existing adj.
существовать
существующий
extreme noun
крайность
efficient adj.
эффективный
exchange verb, noun
обменивать, обмен
eliminate verb
устранить, убрать
employ somebody/something verb
нанимать кого-либо, использовать 
что-либо
employment rate phrase
unemployment rate phrase
уровень занятости
уровень безработицы
5

Continuation of the table
fast-growing adj.
быстрорастущий
price fluctuation phrase
колебание цен
feature noun
черта, особенность
intervention noun
вмешательство
intervene verb
intervention noun
вмешиваться
вмешательство
industry noun
отрасль промышленности
intermediate noun
посредник
increase verb
повышать, повышение
law noun
закон
market forces phrase
рыночные силы
means of production phrase
средства производства
needs and wants nouns
нужды и потребности
opposite adj.
противоположный
ownership noun
собственность
paradigm noun
парадигма
phase noun
фаза
private sector phrase
частный сектор
public sector phrase
государственный сектор
private enterprise phrase
частное предприятие
property noun
имущество
private ownership phrase
частная собственность
purchase verb
purchase noun
purchaser noun
покупать
покупка
покупатель
resource noun
ресурс
recession noun
рецессия, затяжной период спада 
в экономике
6

End of the table
research verb, noun
исследовать, исследование
restrict verb
restriction noun
ограничить
ограничение
rural adj.
сельский
reduce verb,
уменьшать
regulate verb
regulation noun
регулировать, регламентировать
регулирование
supply verb, noun
supplier noun
предложение, поставка, поставлять
поставщик
sensitive adj.
быстро реагирующий
separate verb, adj
отделять, отдельный
scarcity noun
scarce adj.
дефицит, нехватка
дефицитный
social ownership phrase
общественная собственность
traditional economy phrase
традиционная экономика
(un)limited adj.
(не)ограниченный
wage labour phrase
работа по найму
wealth noun
богатство
1.2.1. Pronounce correctly
Read and translate the words into Russian. Check up your 
pronunciation at https://wooordhunt.ru/word/mixed
economy |ɪˈkɒnəmɪ|
command
economics
traditional
economist
mixed
economic
exist
social
industry
society
separate
socialism
labour
centralized
equality
associated
means
distribute
resources
redistribute
over-the-counter
enterprise
characteristics
business
feature
7

End of the table
ownership
decision
competition
government
private
family-centric
paradigm
property
1.2.2. Match the phrases with their meaning
1
private companies
A
перераспределение богатства
B
средства производства
2
collective ownership of the 
means of production
3
government-owned entities
C
сочетание чего-либо
4
counter-trade system
D
экономика, управляемая 
частным образом
5
developing countries
E
иметь частично совпадающие 
черты
6
the opposite of
F
нужды населения
7
artificially set by the 
government
G
решающий орган в распределении
8
the needs of the population
H
создать равенство
9
government intervention
I
развивающиеся страны
10
wage labor
J
противоположность
11
private ownership
K
распределение ресурсов
12
privately-managed economy
L
государственные предприятия
13
to advocate for
M
искусственно фиксированные 
цены
14
to share overlapping features
N
коллективная собственность 
на средства производства
15
redistribution of wealth
O
частная собственность
16
to create equality
P
частные компании
17
arbiter of redistribution
Q
призывать к
18
a blend of
R
меновая торговля
19
the means of production
S
вмешательство правительства
20
allocation of resources
T
наемный труд
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
P
8

1.3. READING
1.3.1. Read the text about market, planned, mixed economies 
as well as traditional economies
1) State which paragraph (1–8) can be best summarized in the 
following sentences
a.	 All making, producing and distribution decisions are made by the 
government.
b.	 The decisions about owning, producing and exchanging goods and 
services are made by private and public companies.
c.	 An economic system that focuses on a free market to determine 
the most efficient allocation of resources and sets prices based on supply 
and demand.
d.	 An economic and political system based on collective ownership 
of the means of production.
2) Find the information in the text to complete the chart. Use the 
following sentence starters to discuss the results:
	
• According to the text…
	
• In contrast…
	
• In comparison…
	
• Given these facts …
Market 
Command 
Mixed 
Characteristics
Traditional 
economy
economy
economy
economy
family-centric
private property
centralized planning
government oversight
communities obtain goods 
by agricultural labor, 
shooting game, deep-sea 
fishing
competition among sellers
prices are fixed by the 
government
direct exchange (barter)
lack of government control
private business entities 
and public entities
9

Economic Paradigms
(1) Economists identify market economies, command economies, 
and mixed economies. Besides, we can mention traditional economies. 
Although each economy is unique, they all share overlapping features 
and characteristics.
(2) A traditional economy is an economy that focuses on goods and 
services that match customs, beliefs, and history. Traditional economies 
use barter/trade systems without currency or money, focusing on tribes 
or families. This economy is often used by rural and farm-based countries, 
especially in developing countries.
(3) A market economy relies on the free market. Market economies are 
not directly controlled by a central power, so the economy is determined 
by the law of supply and demand. One form of market economy is the 
free-market economy, in which there is no government intervention in 
the economy at all. Pure market economies are rare and free-market 
economies do not exist.
(4) A command economy is the opposite of a free-market economy. 
There is one centralized power (usually the central government) that 
controls the decisions made for the economy. Prices are artificially set 
by the government based on what they conclude are the needs of the 
population.
(5) Lastly, a mixed economy is a blend of a command economy and 
a market economy. The economy is mostly free from the intervention of 
centralized power but will have regulations on sensitive areas such as 
transportation, public services, and defense. Most countries, to a certain 
extent, have some sort of mixed economic system, including the European 
Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
(6) Each type of economy is associated with a separate economic 
system. An economic system is a method by which resources are organized.
(7) A capitalist economic system revolves around wage labour and 
the private ownership of property, businesses, industry, and resources. 
Capitalists believe that, compared to private enterprises, governments 
do not use economic resources efficiently, so society would be better off 
with a privately-managed economy. Capitalism is associated with market 
economies and usually serves as the basis for mixed economies.
(8) A socialist economic system advocates for the social ownership 

of property and businesses. Socialists believe in the redistribution of wealth 
among all people in order to create equality, with the government serving 
as the arbiter of redistribution. A socialist government will also take 
control of the means of production. Because they depend on centralization, 
socialism is associated with command economies.
10