The World of Computers and IT

 
 
 
 
 
 
ɋɘɌɸɪɢɧɚȿȻɋɬɚɪɨɜɟɪɨɜɚ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE WORLD OF COMPUTERS AND IT 
 
ȼɆɂɊȿɄɈɆɉɖɘɌȿɊɈȼɂɂɌȺɇȽɅɂɃɋɄɂɃəɁɕɄ 
 
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ 
©ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª 
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ɍȾɄ 811.111 
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ɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ 
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɢɦȼɂɅɟɧɢɧɚɝɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ ɆȼɎɢɥɚɬɨɜɚ; 
ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɧɚɭɤɞɨɰɟɧɬɞɨɰɟɧɬȾɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ 
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The World of Computers and IT  ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ  ɋ ɘ Ɍɸɪɢɧɚ
ȿ Ȼ ɋɬɚɪɨɜɟɪɨɜɚ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚȼɨɥɨɝɞɚɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ– 8ɫ
ɬɚɛɥ 
ISBN -5--- 
 
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ 
ɧɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ ɞɥɹɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ 
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬɚɩɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ«ɂɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɬɢɤɚɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɬɟɯɧɢɤɚª«ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɢɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ
ɝɢɢª03 «ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚª«ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɚɹɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª. 
 
ɍȾɄ 811.111 
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ISBN -5--- 
” ɌɸɪɢɧɚɋɘɋɬɚɪɨɜɟɪɨɜɚȿȻ.24 
” ȽɪɢɝɨɪɢɣɆɨɲɤɚɪɢɧɨɛɥɨɠɤɚ24 
 
” ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ©ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª24 
 
” Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ©ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª24 
2 
 

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ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ....................................................................................................................... 5 
 
Placement test 
................................................................................................................ 6 
 
8QLW(GXFDWLRQ ......................................................................................................... 8 
Text 1. Higher education in Great Britain 
.................................................................. 8 
Text 2. World universities 
........................................................................................ 11 
 
Unit 2-REVDQGCDUHHU ............................................................................................ 15 
Text 1. The most popular jobs in the world ............................................................. 15 
7H[W,7&DUHHUVKRZWRJHWVWDUWHG 
...................................................................... 16 
Text 3. IT careers description 
................................................................................... 1 
Text 4. Key skills for computer science specialist 
................................................... 22 
Text 5. Microsoft certification programs ................................................................. 2 
 
Unit 3&RPSXWHUVDQG,7 
......................................................................................... 28 
Text 1. Computers in our life ................................................................................... 28 
Text 2. Internet crime ............................................................................................... 32 
Text 3. )XWXUHWHFKQRORJ\LGHDVWRFKDQJHWhe world ............................................. 35 
 
Unit 4$UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFH .................................................................................... 38 
Text 1. What is Artificial Intelligence 
...................................................................... 38 
Text 2. Deep learning vs. machine learning 
............................................................. 40 
Text 3. Artificial intelligence applications 
............................................................... 41 
Text 4. History of artificial intelligence 
................................................................... 44 
Text 5. $,FKDWERWUDFHChatGPT 
............................................................................ 45 
 
Unit 5)DPRXV6FLHQWLVWV 
.......................................................................................... 4 
Text 1. Famous people in the history of IT 
.............................................................. 4 
Text 2. Who invented Google? ................................................................................ 52 
 
7H[WVIRU5HDGLQJ ...................................................................................................... 54 
Text 1. British education made simple 
..................................................................... 54 
Text 2. Future of Information Technology .............................................................. 55 
Text 3. What is Artificial Intelligence? 
.................................................................... 56 
Text 4. Applications of AI 
........................................................................................ 58 
Text 5. What is IoT? 
................................................................................................. 5 
Text 6. Dall-E ........................................................................................................... 61 
7H[W9RLFHDVVLVWDQWVKRZ$UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFHDVVLVWDQWVDUHFKDQJLQJRXU
lives every day 
.......................................................................................................... 63 
Text 8. Big Data ....................................................................................................... 64 
7H[W7KHKLVWRU\RI%LJ'DWD................................................................................ 65 
Text 10. Who was Charles Babbage? ...................................................................... 66 
Text 11. Quantum computing 
................................................................................... 6 
Text 12. Different types of operating systems ......................................................... 68 
3 
 

Text 13. Cybercrime 
.................................................................................................  
Text 14. Types of cybercrime .................................................................................. 1 
Text 15. Hacking ...................................................................................................... 2 
 
$SSHQGL[ .................................................................................................................... 4 
Appendix 1. Giving a presentation 
........................................................................... 4 
Appendix 2. Writing a summary .............................................................................. 5 
 
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ 
................................................................................................................. 6 
 
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ...................................................................................................  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
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ɢɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɬɟɯɧɢɤɚɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɢɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
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ɬɟɧɰɢɣɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɈɈɉȼɈ 
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ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɡɚɞɚɱɢ 
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Information technology (IT) is the hardware and software that 1. ____ (to use) 
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posed to technology for personal or entertainment purposes.  
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the Internet. This gives IT a whole new meaning since the Internet is its own realm.  
IT has become a part of our everyday lives and continues to proliferate into 
new realms. 
 
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1. _____ name is Robert.           
a) Me         b) I         c) My 
 
2. They _____ from IT company. 
a) is         b) are         c) do 
 
3. _____ IT company are you from? 
a) What         b) Who         c) Where 
 
4.What do you do? I’m _____ tester. 
a) the         b) a         c) – 
 
5. Peter _____ to work at nine o’clock. 
a) comes         b) come         c) to come 
 
6. _____ you like this operating system? 
a) Are         b) Have         c) Do 
 
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+DYH\RXBBBB_ a laptop? 
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8. We don’t have _____  login. 
a) a         b) any         c) got 
 
BBBB_ some notebooks here. 
a) There’re         b) There         c) There’s 
 
10. They _____ at the office yesterday. 
a) was         b) are         c) were 
 
11. The office was _____ busy. 
a) very         b) a lot         c) many 
 
12. Yesterday was the _____ of April. 
a) third         b) three         c) day three 
 
13. I _____ play computer games at the weekend. 
a) usually         b) use         c) usual 
 
14. I _____ in an armchair now. 
a) sitting         b) ‘m sitting         c) sit 
 
15. My colleague is older _____ me. 
a) then         b) that         c) than 
 
16. Their car is _____ biggest on the road. 
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18. The _____ have seen the computer game before. 
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20. _____  is very good exercise. 
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21. Have you _____  been on a cyber sport competition? 
a) always         b) ever         c) soon 
 
22. I can’t _____  C++  language. 
a) programing         b) program         c) to program 
 
23. Are you _____  for one or two weeks? 
a) staying         b) stayed         c) stay 
 
24. We _____  like to see the System Analyst. 
a) would         b) will         c) are 
 
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Pre reading activities 
 
1. $UH\RXJHWWLQJSULPDU\VHFRQGDU\ or higher education? 
2. Is higher education free in your country? And in other countries? 
3. Do more young people go to universities today than they did in the past? 
Why? 
4. What well-known British universities have you heard of? 
 
Reading activities 
 
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1.  Where can British school-leavers get higher education? 
2.  What are the general features of higher education institutions? 
3.  How are Oxford and Cambridge referred to informally?  
4.  What kind of children do usually matriculate into these universities? 
5.  What requirements are set for the entry?  
6.  What facilities does each college have?  
  What system is at the core of teaching and learning?  
8.  What degrees do undergraduates and postgraduates study for?  
  How are students at Oxbridge dressed? 
10. What sport events take place at the universities? 
 
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education of university standard is also given in other institutions such as colleges 
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admission policy and requirements. Entry is competitive and specific requirements 
are set for each course. BritisKXQLYHUVLWLHVDUHFRPSDUDWLYHO\VPDOODERXW–8 thousand students. Most universitiHVKDYHIHZHUWKDQVWXGHQWVVRPHHYHQOHVVWKDQ
1500 ones. 
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lished in the mid-12th century. The universities are informally referred to as Oxbridge. Although efforts are being mDGHWRDWWUDFWPRUHVWXGHQWVIURPVWDWHVFKRROV
many of the 14000 undergraduates at each university have been educated at public 
school. The upper class have traditionally VHQWWKHLUFKLOGUHQWR2[EULGJHDOWKRXJKWR
many people Oxford and Cambridge seem very remote places where only the very 
privileged can go. 
8