Review of Business and Economics Studies / Вестник исследований бизнеса и экономики, 2024, том 12, № 2
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Vol. 12 • No. 2 • 2024 ISSN 2308-944X (Print) ISSN 2311-0279 (Online) Review of Business and Economics Studies DOI: 10.26794/2308-944X The journal was reregistered in the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Informational Technologies, and Mass Media: PI No. ФС77–67072 of 15 September 2016 Издание перерегистрировано в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций: ПИ № ФС77–67072 от 15 сентября 2016 г. Publication frequency — 4 issues per year Founder: Financial University Периодичность издания — 4 номера в год Учредитель: Финансовый университет The Journal is included into the system of Russian Science Citation Index Журнал включен в систему Российского индекса научного цитирования (РИНЦ) Included in the Higher Attestation Commission (VAK) List of journals for scientifi c specialities: 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.5 Включен в Перечень изданий ВАК по научным специальностям: 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.5 The Journal is distributed by subscription. Subscription index: 42137 in the consolidated catalogue “The Press of Russia” Журнал распространяется по подписке. Подписной индекс 42137 в объединенном каталоге «Пресса России» The journal is published under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. Журнал публикует материалы на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Т. 12 • № 2 • 2024 ISSN 2308-944X (Print) ISSN 2311-0279 (Online) Вестник исследований бизнеса и экономики DOI: 10.26794/2308-944X
Review of Business and Economics Studies Mikhail V. Zharikov Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of World Economy and World Finance, Faculty of International Economic Relations, Financial University, Moscow, Russia EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Pavel S. Seleznev Dr. Sci. (Political Science), Dean, Faculty of International Economic Relations, Professor, Department of Politology, Financial University, Moscow, Russia REVIEW OF BUSINESS Stephen McGuire Dr. of Economics, Professor, College of Business and Economics, Faculty of Management, California State University, Los Angeles, USA Alexander Melnikov Dr. Sci. (Physics-Math.), Professor, Department of Mathematical Sciences and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada AND ECONOMICS STUDIES (RoBES) is the quarterly peerDEPUTY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Marina I. Sidorova Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Department of Audit and Corporate Reporting, Financial University, Moscow, Russia reviewed scholarly journal published by the Financial University under Nasibu R. Mramba Dr. of Business Informatics, Ag. Deputy Rector Academic Research & Consultancy, College of Business Education, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania the Government of the Russian MANAGING EDITOR Alexei M. Botchkarev Cand. Sci. (Tech.) Financial University, Moscow, Russia Federation, Moscow. Journal’s mission is to provide scientific perspective on topical economic Sergey A. Polevoy Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Management, Higher School of Management, Financial University, Moscow, Russia and business subjects. EDITORIAL BOARD Sanjaya Acharya Dr. of Economics, Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal CONTACT INFORMATION Financial University Thomas Renström Dr. of Economics, Professor, Business School, Department of Economics and Finance, Durham University, Durham, UK Leningradsky prospekt, 53, office 5.6 125167, Moscow, Nikolai P. Belyatsky Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Head of the Department of Organization and Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Belarusian State University of Economics, Minsk, Republic of Belarus Russian Federation Boris Rubtsov Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Deputy Chairman of Department of Financial Markets and Banks for R&D, Financial University, Moscow, Russia Telephone: +7 (499) 553-10-74 (internal 10-88) Website: https://rbes.fa.ru/jour Alan Sangster Dr. of Economics, Professor, Business School, King’s College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK Konstantin P. Gluschenko Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Chief Scientist, Institute of Economics and Organization of Industrial Production, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia AUTHOR INQUIRIES Inquiries relating to the submission of articles can be sent by electronic Sabu Thomas PhD., Professor, Vice Chancellor, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India Alexander I. Ilyinsky Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor, Scientific Supervisor, Global Studies Institute, Financial University, Moscow, Russia mail to ambotchkarev@fa.ru. COPYRIGHT AND PHOTOCOPYING © 2020 All rights reserved. Ivan N. Timofeev Cand. Sci. (Polit.), Assistant Professor, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC), Moscow, Russia Lidia I. Kulikova Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Head of the Department of Accounting, Analysis and Audit, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. Igor Yu. Varyash Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Head of the Analytical Center for Financial Research, Financial Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia Svetlana A. Lipina Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Deputy Head of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces, Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Moscow, Russia Single photocopies of articles may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. ISSN 2308-944X Bo Xu Dr. of Political Science, Professor, Vice Chair, Department of International Politics, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun City, China Dimitrios Mavrakis Dr. of Economics, Professor, Energy Policy and Development Centre, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 2 rbes.fa.ru
Вестник исследований бизнеса и экономики Куликова Лидия Ивановна, д-р экон. наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой учета, анализа и аудита, Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, Казань, Россия Сюй Бо, доктор политических наук, профессор, заместитель руководителя, кафедра международной политики, Колледж исследований СевероВосточной Азии, Университет Цзилинь, г. Чанчунь, Китай ГЛАВНЫЙ РЕДАКТОР Селезнев Павел Сергеевич, д-р полит. наук, декан факультета международных экономических отношений, профессор департамента политологии, Финансовый университет, Москва, Россия Липина Светлана Артуровна, д-р экон. наук, профессор, заместитель председателя Совета по изучению производительных сил, Всероссийская академия внешней торговли, Москва, Россия ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛЬ ГЛАВНОГО РЕДАКТОРА Сидорова Марина Ильинична, д-р экон. наук, профессор кафедры аудита и корпоративной отчетности, Финансовый университет, Москва, Россия Тимофеев Иван Николаевич, канд. полит. наук, доцент, Московский государственный институт международных отношений (МГИМО), генеральный директор Российского совета по международным делам (РСМД), Москва, Россия Томас Сабу, д-р философии, профессор, проректор, Университет Махатмы Ганди, Коттаям, Индия Мавракис Димитриос, д-р экономики, профессор, Центр энергетической политики и развития (KEPA) Национального и Каподистрийского Университета Афин (NKUA), Афины, Греция ВЫПУСКАЮЩИЙ РЕДАКТОР Бочкарев Алексей Михайлович, канд. техн. наук, ст. науч. сотр., Финансовый университет, Москва, Россия Редакция научных журналов Финансового университета 125167, Москва, Макгуайр Стефен, д-р экономики, профессор, факультет менеджмента, Колледж бизнеса и экономики, Калифорнийский государственный университет, ЛосАнджелес, США РЕДАКЦИОННЫЙ СОВЕТ Ачарья Санджая, д-р экономики, профессор, департамент экономики, факультет гуманитарных и социальных наук, Трибхуванский университет, Катманду, Непал Ленинградский пр-т, 53, комн. 5.6 Тел. +7 (499) 553-10-74 (вн. 10-88) Мельников Александр, д-р физ.-мат. наук, профессор, факультет математических и статистических наук, Университет Альберты, Эдмонтон, Канада Интернет: https://rbes.fa.ru/jour Беляцкий Николай Петрович, д-р экон. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой организации и управления, факультет экономики и менеджмента, Белорусский государственный экономический университет, Минск, Республика Беларусь Журнал “Review of Business and Economics Studies” («Вестник исследований бизнеса Мрамба Насибу Раджабу, д-р бизнес-информатики, заместитель ректора по учебной и исследовательской работе, Колледж бизнес-образования, Дар-эс-Салам, Танзания и экономики») зарегистрирован в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, Варьяш Игорь Юрьевич, д-р экон. наук, профессор, руководитель Аналитического центра финансовых исследований, Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт Министерства финансов РФ, Москва, Россия информационных технологий Полевой Сергей Анатольевич, д-р техн. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры менеджмента, факультет «Высшая школа управления», Финансовый университет, Москва, Россия и массовых коммуникаций 15 сентября 2016 г. Свидетельство о регистрации Глущенко Константин Павлович, д-р экон. наук, главный научный сотрудник, Институт экономики и организации промышленного производства, Сибирское отделение РАН, Новосибирск, Россия ПИ № ФС77-67072. Ренстром Томас, д-р экономики, профессор, Школа бизнеса, факультет экономики и финансов, Даремский университет, Дарем, Великобритания Подписано в печать: 23.07.2024. Формат 60 × 84 1/8. Заказ № 942 Отпечатано в отделе полиграфии Рубцов Борис Борисович, д-р экон. наук, профессор, кафедра финансовых рынков и финансового инжиниринга, Финансовый университет, Москва, Россия Жариков Михаил Вячеславович, д-р экон. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры мировой экономики и мировых финансов факультета международных экономических отношений, Финансовый университет, Москва, Россия Финуниверситета (Москва, Ленинградский проспект, д. 49/2). 16+ Сангстер Алан, д-р экономики, профессор, Школа бизнеса, Абердинский университет, Королевский колледж, Абердин, Великобритания Ильинский Александр Иоильевич, д-р техн. наук, профессор, научный руководитель Института глобальных исследований, Финансовый университет, Москва, Россия 3
Review of Business and Economics Studies Volume 12, Number 2, 2024 Perception and Awareness of Consumers towards Green Products: Evidence from India Kausar F. Darga, Vijaya B. Gali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Analysis of Skills Needed by Unemployed Fresh Graduates in Business Administration: Evidence from Oman Sheikha Al-Saadi, Amjaad Al-Abri, Rabie Khairnnas, Abdullah Al-Shukaili. . . . . . . . 17 Critical Success Factors of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Implementation: A Study in Bangladesh Zahed Mannan, Faruq Ahmed, Md.M. Uddin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Public Expenditure in the Fastest Growing and Emerging Market Economies in Africa: The Role of Institutional Quality Strike Mbulawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Exploring the Potential of the Blue Economy: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enhancing International Business in Bangladesh in the context of Indo-Pacific Region Tahsina Khan, Md M.H. Emon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 A Comparative Analysis of STEM Design Curriculum Policy for Country Development: A Case Study of Taiwan and Thailand Polwasit Lhakard.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 External Financial Flows and Domestic Credit Volatility Effect on Industrialization in Selected African Countries Wushibba Bako. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Вестник исследований бизнеса и экономики № 2, 2024 Восприятие и осведомленность потребителей об экологически чистых товарах: эмпирический анализ из Индии Каусар Ф. Дарга, Виджая Б. Гали. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Анализ навыков, необходимых безработным выпускникам в области бизнес-администрирования: данные из Омана Шейха Аль-Саади, Амджаад Аль-Абри, Раби Хайрннас, Абдулла Аль-Шукаили. . . 17 Критические факторы успеха реализации государственно-частного партнерства (ГЧП): исследование в Бангладеш Захед Маннан, Фарук Ахмед, Мд.М. Уддин. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Государственные расходы в быстрорастущих странах Африки с развивающимся рынком: роль качества институциональной среды Страйк Мбулава. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Изучение потенциала голубой экономики: систематический обзор стратегий развития международного бизнеса в Бангладеш в контексте Индо-Тихоокеанского региона Тахсина Хан, Мд М.Х. Эмон. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Сравнительный анализ политики разработки учебных программ STEM для развития страны: на примере Тайваня и Таиланда Полвасит Лхакард.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Влияние волатильности внешних финансовых потоков и внутреннего кредитования на индустриализацию в отдельных африканских странах Вушибба Бако. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Review of Business and Economics Studies ORIGINAL PAPER DOI: 10.26794/2308-944X-2024-12-2-6-16 UDC 332.142.6:339.9(045) JEL Q57, M310 Perception and Awareness of Consumers towards Green Products: Evidence from India K.F. Darga, V.B. Gali Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India ABSTRACT Consumers’ growing concern for a healthy life has increased the production and use of eco-friendly products. Green marketing refers to the practice of conducting business based on its environmental benefits. Despite the health benefits of green marketing, many consumers remain unaware of it and its associated products. The study aims to provide consumers’ views and perceptions of green marketing in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India. The research is based on the primary data collected from consumers using a structured questionnaire to understand their perceptions of eco-friendly or green products. The study identifies the importance of green marketing and the critical role of green products in people’s daily lives. The key factors influencing the buying decision of green products among customers have been identified, along with the reasons for the non-use of green products by other customers. The results show that consumers in Kadapa City, although aware of green marketing, have a low preference for buying green products. The study concludes that the highly influential factor that encourages customers to buy more green products is environmental motive, but the expensiveness of green products is the major reason for the low-level buying of green products by customers. Keywords: green products; green marketing; environmental consciousness; consumer perception; consumer awareness; health; safety; environmental benefits; India For citation: Darga K.F., Gali V.B. Perception and awareness of consumers towards green products: Evidence from India. Review of Business and Economics Studies. 2024;12(2):6-16. DOI: 10.26794/2308-944X-2024-12-2-6-16 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Восприятие и осведомленность потребителей об экологически чистых товарах: эмпирический анализ из Индии К.Ф. Дарга, В.Б. Гали Университет Йоги Вемана, Кадапа, Индия АННОТАЦИЯ Растущее стремление потребителей к здоровому образу жизни привело к увеличению производства и использования экологически чистых продуктов. Зеленый (экологичный) маркетинг относится к практике ведения бизнеса с учетом его экологических преимуществ. Несмотря на пользу зеленого маркетинга для здоровья, многие потребители по-прежнему не знают о нем и связанных с ним продуктах. Целью исследования является изучение мнений и представлений потребителей о зеленом маркетинге в Кадапе, Андхра-Прадеш, Индия. Исследование основано на первичных данных, полученных от потребителей с помощью структурированной анкеты, с целью выяснения их восприятия экологически чистых или зеленых продуктов. Исследование выявило важность зеленого маркетинга и решающую роль экологически чистых продуктов в повседневной жизни людей. Определены ключевые факторы, влияющие на решение покупателей о покупке экологически © Darga K.F., Gali V.B., 2024. This work is licensed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. 6 rbes.fa.ru
Perception and Awareness of Consumers towards Green Products: Evidence from India чистых товаров, а также причины неиспользования экологически чистых товаров другими покупателями. Результаты показывают, что потребители в городе Кадапа, хотя и осведомлены о зеленом маркетинге, не отдают предпочтения покупкам экологически чистых продуктов. В исследовании делается вывод, что очень важным фактором, который побуждает клиентов покупать больше зеленых продуктов, является экологический мотив, но дороговизна экологически чистых продуктов — основная причина низкого уровня продаж. Ключевые слова: экологически чистые продукты; зеленый маркетинг; экологическое сознание; потребительское восприятие; осведомленность потребителей; здоровье; безопасность; экологические преимущества; Индия Для цитирования: Darga K.F., Gali V.B. Perception and awareness of consumers towards green products: Evidence from India. Review of Business and Economics Studies. 2024;12(2):6-16. DOI: 10.26794/2308-944X2024-12-2-6-16 Introduction Green marketing refers to the process of selling products and services with environmental benefits. Green marketing is a holistic approach that involves producing and marketing products and services in a way that minimizes their negative impact on the environment and nature. These products or services may be environmentally friendly or produced in a sustainable manner. It helps reduce immediate and long-term damage to the environment. It enhances consumer awareness about ecological problems and social responsibility. The eco-friendly products may be of different kinds, e. g., bio-degradable cutlery, bamboo toothbrushes, environmentally friendly clothes, recycling plastic materials, vegan pet accessories, recycled active wear, reusable and stainless-steel water bottles, bio-degradable garden pots, reusable lunch wraps, recycled stationery, reusable grocery bags, ecofriendly phone cases, bamboo containers, paper and steel straws. The listed eco-friendly products are based on various types of ideas for generating and promoting eco-friendly green marketing. Literature review Bhatia and Jain [1] found that although consumers had a high level of awareness about green products, they were unaware of the green initiatives carried out by various government and non-government agencies, indicating the need for more efforts from organizations in this area. Dharmalingam and Palanisamy [2] have studied consumer perceptions of green products and how they influence buying behavior. This study statistically proved that level of age, education and income have significantly influenced the perception of green products. The study has concluded that consumers have a positive impact on green products. Mathai and Jegan [3] have conducted research on the factors influencing consumer satisfaction with green products. They have concluded that green values were found to be prevalent among respondents, and consumers were only moderately aware of green marketing practices and products. They also discovered that respondents shared common green values. According to Unnamalai and Gopinath [4], marketers and consumers are increasingly aware of the importance of switching to green products and services as consumers become more aware of the negative effects of global warming, nonbiodegradable solid waste, pollutants of air, water, and land. According to Rajalakshmi et al. [5], people typically associate green marketing with the promotion and advertising of environmentally friendly products, but in reality, the product should originate naturally from the cultivation itself. Vani [6] investigated consumers’ perceptions in Bengaluru. The study concludes that most Bangalore consumers possess knowledge of green marketing concepts and products. There is an association between gender, levels of education and the status of awareness of green marketing. There is no association between age group, monthly income and the status of awareness of green marketing. Most consumers’ decisions to buy green products are influenced by several attributes. Most of the consumers strongly agreed with the different descriptions of green products. Kaur [7] has explained that green marketing has significance for both consumers and marketers, and it strongly supports the beginning of an era of green marketing in India. Due to its local concentration, the study’s generalizability is limited, yet it nevertheless offers useful insights into consumer attitudes toward green products. The author has suggested that future studies can concentrate on consumer psychographic segmentation in order to evaluate their green values and preferences. Reddy et al. [8] have investigated how consumers’ awareness of environmental issues has influenced their preferences while 7
Review of Business and Economics Studies tion between consumers’ attention to companies’ green marketing communication and green purchasing behavior has been identified. The results also confirm that individuals with higher educational levels, green attitudes, and females are the most attentive to companies’ green marketing communication. Braik, Saleh and Jaaron [17] provided valuable practical insights for manufacturing managers in developing countries on the role that green marketing can play in tackling manufacturing sustainability issues. Pahuja [18] has described the status of green marketing in India, the future of green marketing and concluded that green marketing is something that will continuously grow in both practice and demand. Investors generally do not respond well to corporate news about green marketing activities, according to Mathur and Mathur [19]. The average firm in the sample loses a statistically significant 3.14% of its market value in the 20 days surrounding the announcement date. Venkatesh [20] has suggested that green or eco-friendly products have good quality, but they are more expensive than regular products. Therefore, companies producing eco-friendly products should try to reduce costs. Government and business concerns should have worked together to create awareness among consumers. Mishra and Sharma [21] discussed how businesses have increased their rate of targeting green consumers, who are concerned about the environment and allow it to affect their purchasing decisions. Moser and Uzzell [22] have explained the psychology of the environment. Oyewole [23] presented a conceptual link between green marketing, environmental justice, and industrial ecology. It argued for greater awareness of environmental justice in the practice of green marketing. Sanjay and Gurmeet [24] have studied and analyzed the behavior and attitude of Indian consumers. Manashi [25] tried to identify the practices of green marketing adopted by various companies and the benefits derived therefrom. Objectives of the study 1. To study the awareness of consumers in Kadapa district regarding green marketing. 2. To identify the factors influencing the buying decisions of consumers regarding eco-friendly products. 3. To analyze the reasons for the non-usage of green products by consumers. shopping for eco-friendly goods. The study concluded that green product marketers owe greatly to perceived costs among consumers and are essential for creating marketing communication campaigns promoting green products. Olipane [9] found out that a large section of the respondents (50.30%) are from the age group of 25–44 years old with a mean of 37.64 years old; many respondents have attained bachelor’s degrees (46.30%); the majority are from rank and file positions (72.60%); while supervisory positions were held by 27.40%; half of the respondents are permanent (49.50%); some are temporary (28.70%); and contractual (21.80%). Papadopoulos et. al. [10] concluded that the Greek enterprises in the timber sector expressed a great interest in the protection of forests all over the world, ranging from illegal logging to their rational management. At the same time, in their overwhelming majority, they strongly support certification of the sustainable management of Greek forests. Thomas [11] suggested that the companies must keep in mind that the consumers are very concerned about the environmental issues cropping up in the country, and they are very willing to pay a premium price for the “green” products, if these eco-friendly products provide extra value to the consumers. The Nuryakin and Maryati [12] study raised the issue of the environment and sustainability of SMEs, as it is still an exciting research topic. This study was pioneered by social marketing theory, where company awareness of producing environmentally friendly products is essential to building sustainability and competitive advantage. Nagabhaskar and Chandrasekhar [13] have studied the competitive advantage and impact of 7 Ps (product or service, price, place, promotion, people, physical substantiation, process) of service marketing over 4 Ps (product, price, place, and promotion) of product marketing. Singh and Kumar [14] explained the concept of green marketing, its evolution, the green marketing mix, and its challenges. They also explained how companies are adopting green strategies in the market and the factors that can influence green marketing. Sewar, Kecskes and Keller [15] have analyzed and synthesized the research articles published from 2012 to 2022 that deal with green marketing and digital marketing. Correia, Sousa, Viseu and Larguinho [16] have shown that a strong correla8 rbes.fa.ru
Perception and Awareness of Consumers towards Green Products: Evidence from India Hypothesis The study tested the following hypothesis: H1: There is an association between gender and awareness of green marketing. H2: There is an association between age and awareness of green marketing. H3: There is an association between income level and awareness of green marketing. Research methodology Table 1 shows the research methodology chosen in the study, including the sample design, data collection methods and sources, nature of the research and data analysis tools used in the research. Data analysis The data collected from the primary sources were analyzed using percentage analysis and chi-square analysis. Kadapa is a city in the southern part of Andhra Pradesh state, India. It is located in the Rayalaseema region and is the district headquarters of YSR Kadapa district (named in honor of Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy). As of the 2022 Census of India, the city had a population of 466,000, a 2.42% increase from 2021. Table 2 shows the demographic profile of the respondents. Table 2 shows the demographic profile of the respondents which includes gender, age, educational qualification, occupation and income levels of the respondents. It is evident from the table that the majority of the respondents are males (65%), and the least of respondents are females (35%). The respondents in the age group of 25–30 years, with 32%, are the highest compared to other age groups, which shows that the younger generation is more interested in green marketing. The majority of the respondents are graduates (58%), and respondents with educational qualifications of post-graduation are low (8%) compared to other groups. The highest number of respondents are non-government employees (23%), and the least number are professionals (13%). Most respondents have an income level in the range of Rs.25,001–Rs.35,000, and there were no respondents whose income level is above Rs.50,000. Table 3 represents the customer perception towards green products. According to the data in Table 3, only 69% of the respondents were aware of green marketing. The remaining 31% were unaware of green marketing and its benefits, which may be due to a lack of effective promotional techniques. Although the majority of the respondents are aware of green marketing and its products, only 58% of the respondents have bought green products and the remaining 42% of the respondents have not bought any green products. Which may be due to a lack of interest and trepidation of buying new products. Most respondents have bought green products for skin care, and only some bought green household accessories, which shows that people are more conscious of their skin and prefer to buy natural products for their skin. 52% of the respondents like to buy green products on a need basis, and 38% of the respondents believe in buying products regularly, whereas 10% of the respondents buy the products rarely. 68% of the respondents have shown a willingness to buy green products whereas 32% of the respondents are not willing to buy green products, which may be due to the expensiveness of the products. Table 1 Research approach Data collection Primary data: The primary data were collected through a direct interview method using a structured questionnaire. Secondary data: The secondary data were collected through research articles, journals, magazines, newspapers and websites. Sample design A convenient sampling method was used for collecting the responses from the consumers who are the residents of Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh. Sample size The questionnaire was circulated to 150 respondents through direct interview method and through WhatsApp. 100 responses were received. Tools used for data analysis The research has used Microsoft Excel and SPSS Software for analyzing the data. Statistical analysis Simple percentage analysis Chi-square analysis Source: Developed by the authors. 9
Review of Business and Economics Studies Table 2 Demographic profile of respondents Variables Attributes Frequencies Percentage of respondents (%) Gender Female 35 35 Male 65 65 Subtotal 100 100 Age 18–25 Years 28 28 25–30 Years 32 32 30–45 Years 18 18 45–55 Years 15 15 Above 60 Years 7 7 Subtotal 100 100 Educational qualification High School 23 23 Intermediate 11 11 Graduate 58 58 Post graduate and above 8 8 Subtotal 100 100 Occupation Government employee 10 10 Non-government Employee 23 23 Business 15 15 Professional 13 13 Housewife 18 18 Student 21 21 Subtotal 100 100 Income Up to Rs.15,000 18 18 Rs.15,001-Rs.25,000 40 40 Rs.25,001-Rs.35,000 26 26 Rs.35,001-Rs.50,000 16 16 Above Rs.50,000 0 0 Subtotal 100 100 Source: Primary data collected by the authors. Table 4 shows the motivational factors that influence the purchase of green products. The data in Table 4 reveal that environmental motives are the most prominent, with 80% of respondents strongly agreeing and none strongly disagreeing, indicating a strong sense of responsibility towards the environment. 63% of the respondents strongly agree, 18% of the respondents agree, 15% of the respondents stay neutral, 4% of the respondents disagree, and none of the respondents strongly disagree with the health concern factor, which makes it second among the other factors, which shows that people are concerned about their health. Improving quality of lifestyle received strongly agreed responses, with 37% and 24% of the respondents disagree and strongly disagreeing collectively, which shows that people are happy with their quality of life with the traditional products they are using. 24% and 20% of respondents strongly agree with need and social status factors, which shows that people are not much interested in purchasing green products for the sake of need or on the basis of social status. Fig. 1 visualizes the motivational factors influencing the purchase decision for green products. 10 rbes.fa.ru