Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research, 2022, № 16 (18)

        © Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research, № 16 (18), 2022, e-ISSN 2658-5561 
 
 
Дата публикации: 5 октября 2022  
DOI: 10.52270/26585561_2022_16_18_3 
  
ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ КУЛЬТУРА И СПОРТ В ВИЗАНТИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ 
(РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА МОНОГРАФИЮ ХАПАЕВА ВАДИМА ВАДИМОВИЧА, 
ГЛУШИЧА АНТОНА МИХАЙЛОВИЧА) 
 
Данильченко Сергей Леонидович1 
 
1Доктор исторических наук, профессор, Севастопольский государственный университет, ул. 
Университетская, 33, Севастополь, Россия, E-mail: sldistorik@bk.ru 
 
Аннотация 
 
Монография Хапаева В.В. и Глушича А.М. представляет нам объективный и взвешенный анализ 
становления и развития физической культуры и спорта в Византийской империи. Наименование 
рецензируемой монографии "Физическая культура и спорт в Византийской империи" выдержано в 
спокойных классических тонах, из чего следует подчеркнуть, что перед нами солидное научное 
изыскание, базирующееся на внушительной источниковой базе и глубокой авторской аналитической 
работе. 
Ключевые слова: общество, государство, книга, спорт, здоровье.  
 
I. ВВЕДЕНИЕ 
 
Степень 
актуальности 
данной 
монографии 
не 
вызывает 
сомнения, 
поскольку 
именно 
византийцами была создана уникальная система физического воспитания, которая совершенно 
заслуженно пользуется авторитетом с древности по настоящее время. Наследие ромейского 
государства и его народа продолжает активно использоваться и в современном обществе. 
Терминология, а также основные принципы византийского спорта содержатся в спортивно-правовой 
системе современности. 
Вводя в широкий научный оборот богатый фактический материал, авторы не избегают и 
мировоззренческих аспектов. В связи с этим многократно возрастает значение физической культуры и 
спорта, так как от качества физического воспитания напрямую зависит какие интеллектуально-духовные 
качества будут сформированы у подрастающего поколения, что во многом определяет развитие 
общества в целом.  
 
 
 
 
3 
  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 
 

        © Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research, № 16 (18), 2022, e-ISSN 2658-5561 
 
 
II. ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ 
 
Авторами проведена серьезная работа по определению различных аспектов развития спортивных 
практик Византии, на основе использования широкого спектра научной литературы и источников 
детально изучены физическая подготовка военной элиты и массового призывного контингента, все виды 
зрелищного спорта, народные подвижные игры. 
Источники, на которых основываются авторы монографии, дают самое широкое представление не 
только о проведении соревнований и ритуалах, но и культуре и истории византийского общества в 
целом. При внимательном прочтении рецензируемой книги закономерен вывод, что авторам, как 
минимум, удалось на высоком профессиональном уровне обобщить конкретный исторический материал, 
раскрывающий нестереотипный образ Византии; проанализировать системные характеристики развития 
физической культуры и спорта в Византийской империи, сравнить особенности физического воспитания 
византийцев разных лет; обратить внимание на знаковые моменты нравственных проблем в военной и 
спортивной  среде византийского общества.  
 
 
В данной работе раскрывается ряд аспектов и сделаны следующие выводы, заслуживающие 
внимания.  
Во - первых, объясняется ритуальность физического воспитания, которая являлась почти 
неотъемлемой частью византийской религиозности. Важной централизующей силой в Византии являлся 
культ государства и культ императора. Авторам удалось убедительно показать роль физической 
культуры и спорта в укреплении императорской власти. 
Во - вторых, Хапаев В.В. и Глушич А.М. рассказали об объединениях болельщиков - "партиях 
Ипподрома". Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что поддержка спортсменов их поклонниками на 
ментальном 
уровне 
укладывалась 
в 
теологическое 
мышление 
византийцев, 
что 
оказалось 
самодостаточным фактором, пропитывающим всю общественную жизнь Византии.  
4 
  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 
 

        © Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research, № 16 (18), 2022, e-ISSN 2658-5561 
 
 
Как положительный факт, в данной монографии можно отметить то, что авторы обосновывают 
достаточно интересную мысль о массовой культуре, основанной на аналитических способностях 
ромейского сознания.  
Первая опиралась на традиции римского спорта, она оставалась неизменной, второе - было 
изменчивым и вполне способным к развитию. Указанный дуализм позволял долгое время сохранять 
паритет между религиозной и социокультурной сферами жизни византийского общества. В своих 
выводах авторы приходят к тому, что феномен физической культуры и спорта необходимо исследовать 
не как статичное явление, а как сложный и непрерывный процесс социокультурного и общественнополитического характера.  
Это процесс представляет собой определенную целостность, элементы которого взаимосвязаны и 
взаимообусловлены. Хапаев В.В. и Глушич А.М. неоднократно подчеркивают, что византийцы - это 
социокультурная общность, представители которой отличаются высоким образовательным уровнем и 
личностным отношением к военной, спортивной и общественной деятельности, направленной на 
воспроизводство и сохранение достижений культуры ромейского государства и общечеловеческих 
ценностей, и обладают особыми психологическими чертами и позитивными нравственно-этическими 
качествами. 
5 
  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 
 

        © Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research, № 16 (18), 2022, e-ISSN 2658-5561 
 
 
 
Вместе с тем хотелось бы еще раз обратить внимание на непростую для исследования тему и 
сложность заявленных задач. Дискуссии вокруг обозначенных вопросов, в частности о сущностных 
чертах византийской цивилизации, специфике бытования этого социокультурного феномена в 
различные эпохи, путях формирования интеллектуально-духовного облика византийцев, еще далеки от 
завершения. В связи с этим заслуживают внимания, выделенные авторами закономерности и 
особенности закрепления у населения Византийской империи основополагающих, сущностных черт 
византийцев. 
Как известно, проблемы истории Византии являются одними из ключевых для всеобщей истории и 
истории России. О судьбоносной значимости того или иного варианта решения этих проблем во многом 
зависит дальнейшая историческая перспектива человеческой цивилизации. К сожалению, иногда 
перспективная 
научная 
тема 
вызывает 
повышенное 
внимание 
не 
самых 
добросовестных 
исследователей. В результате появляются более чем посредственные работы, порою с рекламноэффектными названиями. Безусловно, рецензируемая работа является редчайшим исключением. Все 
содержание монографии логически взаимосвязано и подтверждено цитатами и ссылками на 
авторитетные источники. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6 
  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 
 

        © Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research, № 16 (18), 2022, e-ISSN 2658-5561 
 
 
 
 
III. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ  
 
Подводя итоги, считаю необходимым отметить, что не подлежит сомнению востребованность 
книги Хапаева В.В. и Глушича А.М. В свет вышла отличная, добротная, востребованная книга. Она 
хорошо "вписывается" в учебный процесс и может быть рекомендована студентам, изучающим 
всеобщую историю, историю физической культуры и спорта, культурологию, политологию. Книга может 
послужить "отправной точкой" для детального исследования византийского общества. Эта монография 
из тех работ, к которым и специалисты, и все "просто" интересующиеся историей Византии будут 
обращаться не одно десятилетие. 
 
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ 
 
Хапаев В.В., Глушич А.М. Физическая культура и спорт в Византийской империи. АЛЕТЕЙЯ. СПб, 
2022. 280 с. 
 
 
 
 
 
7 
  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 
 

        © Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research, № 16 (18), 2022, e-ISSN 2658-5561 
 
 
PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT IN THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE 
(REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH OF KHAPAEV, VADIM VADIMOVICH, 
GLUSHICH, ANTON MIKHAILOVICH) 
 
Danylchenko, Sergey Leonidovych1 
 
1Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Sevastopol State University, 33, Universitetskaya Street, 
Sevastopol, Russia, E-mail: sldistorik@bk.ru 
 
Abstract 
 
Monograph Khapaeva V.V. and Glushicha A.M. presents us with an objective and balanced analysis of 
the formation and development of physical culture and sports in the Byzantine Empire. The title of the 
monograph under review "Physical Culture and Sports in the Byzantine Empire" is sustained in calmly classical 
tones, from which it should be emphasized that we have before us a solid scientific research based on an 
impressive source base and deep analytical work of the authors. 
Keywords: society, state, book, sport, health. 
 
REFERENCE LIST 
 
Hapaev V.V., Glushich A.M. Fizicheskaya kul'tura i sport v Vizantijskoj imperii. ALETEJYA. SPb, 2022. 
280 s. 
 
8 
  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 
 

        © Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research, № 16 (18), 2022, e-ISSN 2658-5561 
 
 
Date of publication: October 15, 2022 
DOI: 10.52270/26585561_2022_16_18_9  
 
 Historical Sciences 
 
TOURIST AND ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF OLDENBURGSKIH 
CASTLE: HISTORY AND MODERNITY 
 
Ershov, Bogdan Anatolyevich1, Aralova, Maria Valerievna2 
 
1Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Voronezh State Technical University, 84, 20 years of 
October Street, Voronezh, Russia, E-mail: bogdan.ershov@yandex.ru 
2Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Voronezh State Medical University N.N. Burdenko, 10, 
Studencheskaya Street, Voronezh, Russia, E-mail: mashaaralova@mail.ru 
 
Abstract 
 
The article discusses the tourist and historical significance of the castle of the Princess of Oldenburg, 
located in the village of Ramon, Voronezh region. The Castle of the Princess of Oldenburg is a miraculously 
preserved monument of history and architecture. Until today, you can see the remains of the unique interior of 
the noble estate of the XIX-th century in the castle. Restoration work has been underway in the castle for 40 
years, only a small part of the estate has been restored. But it is precisely this archaism, as well as many dark 
secrets and legends that envelop the castle, that make it extremely attractive for tourists and not only Russian 
ones. 
Keywords: castle, history, culture, tourism, society, country. 
 
I. INTRODUCTION  
 
The noble estate is a magnificent landscape and architectural ensemble consisting of 6 buildings 
surrounded by a park. The area of the manor is 7 hectares, the center is a castle built of red brick in neo-Gothic 
style, which revived the main elements of the Middle Ages. The cast-iron fence of the veranda, the balconies 
and the entrance gate, made in the form of a meandering vine, add sophistication and style to the overall 
appearance of the complex. Majestic towers at the corners of the house make it austere and pompous, window 
openings framed by white lines and white stone tongs give the building an exquisite lightness. 
The history of the palace begins in 1879, when a new owner arrives in the Ramon estate - a person of 
royal blood Evgenia Maximilianovna Oldenburgskaya, nee Princess Romanovskaya. Eugenia's mother, Maria 
Nikolaevna, was the daughter of Tsar Nicholas I. The father of Princess Eugenia, who was born in 1845, was a 
native of Bavaria, Maximilian Beauharnais, the grandson of Josephine, the wife of Emperor Napoleon. 
Maximilian had two titles: Duke of Leuchtenberg and Prince Romanovsky. 
9 
  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 
 

        © Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research, № 16 (18), 2022, e-ISSN 2658-5561 
 
 
II. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS 
 
It is believed that Eugenia of Oldenburg received the Ramon estate from her uncle Alexander II as a 
wedding gift. But this is not at all the case: the couple got married in 1868, and the gift was made 10 years later 
- on June 27 (July 10, according to New Style), 1879. This was stated in the inscription on a marble stone 
delivered in Ramon from the Bormazund military fortress. The gift was not a manifestation of the emperor's 
kinship feelings for his niece, but a reward for her services during the Russian-Turkish war in the Balkans. The 
Princess of Oldenburg not only donated huge sums to organize assistance to the wounded - she controlled 
every penny, achieved exemplary order in the work of the sisters of mercy and the provision of hospitals with 
everything necessary. 
 
Castle of the Princess of Oldenburg (photo: Slava Andrianov) 
The castle of the Princess of Oldenburg in Ramon from the outside is more impressive. Almost nothing 
has survived inside. Upon entering, attention is drawn to the fireplace, the design of which completely copies the 
appearance of the North Tower. The bifurcated staircase leading in both directions to the second floor is made 
of solid oak, made without a single nail. 
 
Castle of the Princess of Oldenburg in Ramon view of the fireplace and stairs. 
10 
  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 
 

        © Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research, № 16 (18), 2022, e-ISSN 2658-5561 
 
 
The calculation of the height and depth of the steps was made by the princess herself, taking into account 
the long dresses of the ladies of the court. Convenience when climbing stairs is noted by all visitors. 
The interior of the palace, during the life of the owners, was luxurious. Three fireplaces on the 1st floor 
were decorated with dark cherry Italian tiles, the walls were upholstered in expensive silk. The mansion was 
heated by 3 more Dutch stoves lined with white tiles. 
Doors and windows inside the mansion were decorated with bronze handles, which today can only be 
seen in photographs. Solid ceiling beams made of bog oak are well preserved. In some places, fragments of 
Dutch tiles are visible, which were laid out in the private bathroom of Princess Eugenie. 
In the small room of Peter of Oldenburg (the firstborn of Evgenia Maximilianovna), a mysterious Masonic 
sign has been preserved on the ceiling. The hexagonal oak slabs lining the library's ceiling have preserved 
heraldic symbols, floral ornaments, and heroes of ancient mythology created by burning. 
One of the main merits of the Prince of Oldenburg is the opening of the Institute of Experimental Medicine 
in St. Petersburg. He also founded the Gagra climatic resort, the first on the Caucasian coast. He was 
considered an implacable fighter against homosexuality in military life. A.F. Koni described Alexander Petrovich 
as a person "in whom good intentions intersected with frantic impulses and attempts to be useful - with ruthless 
manifestations of gross violence." Opposite the manor's house there is a gate with a tower and a clock of the 
Swiss company "Winter" built into it. The turret is designed in such a way that amplifies the sounds. Nearby is 
the retinue building. 
During the 70 years of Soviet power, the Ramon Castle of Princess Oldenburg was actively exploited. It 
housed: 
  -  military barracks; 
  -  educational premises; 
  -   hospital; 
  -  administration of the sugar factory; 
  -  library; 
  -  pioneer circles; 
  -  music room. The employees of the museum, which the palace has now become, like to conduct one 
experiment in this room: they begin to speak monotonously and at the same time slowly move towards the 
geometric center of the hall. So at this point, the sound volume is many times higher than the value that was at 
the edge of the hall (we observe the effect of resonance). It is interesting that neither in the walls nor in the 
ceiling there are any voids that could act as a resonator. However, in the basement, three beams are laid above 
this room (there are none elsewhere in the basement). So far, researchers have not thoroughly studied them, 
but we can say with a high degree of probability that it is in these beams that the secret of the music salon lies. 
Next to the music room (behind the screen) is another room identical in size to this one. There was a billiard 
room. Unlike the music room, the soundproofing system was so professionally thought out in it that the players 
never heard that loud music was playing behind the wall. Yes, our modern builders have a lot to learn. At the 
same time, since we started talking about the design features of the castle, one more fact should be noted. 
There have never been mice, rats, bedbugs, cockroaches, or anything like them in this house since its 
existence. The thing is that at the stage of construction of the castle, one "cunning" technique was used. 
Oldenburg brought a large number of camels to the estate. They were combed out and magnificent carpets 
were woven from the resulting wool, which adorned many palaces of the august persons. 
They say that during the war years, German pilots were ordered not to bomb the castle - after all, it 
belonged to the descendants of the highest German aristocracy. However, the building did not have a 
permanent owner and was not repaired for about 100 years.  
11 
  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 
 

        © Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research, № 16 (18), 2022, e-ISSN 2658-5561 
 
 
Restorations in it began 40 years ago, it was then that the complex architecture was discovered. Since 
2006, it has been considered a tourist site of regional importance. They tried to quickly restore the palace: the 
Upper Garden and the Suite building, located to the right of the entrance gate, are the results of these efforts. 
 
Svitskij korpus 
Evgenia Maksimilianovna was very active in social and cultural life. She performed as: 
- President of the Mineralogical Society 
- an honorary member of the Charitable Society for the Charity of Intelligent Workers, created in 1901 to 
provide assistance to elderly governesses and teachers who served in private and public institutions, "who, due 
to old age or illness, cannot earn their livelihood with their work." 
- an honorary member of the Society for the Aid to the Crippled, studying crafts and crafts in St. 
Petersburg (consisting under the august patronage of Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna). 
- Honorary member of the Imperial Russian Automobile Society (IRAO), organized in 1903. 
Evgenia Maksimilianovna was engaged in the development of production, took an active part in the 
publishing business, organized the release of postal open letters, postcards, sketches for which were created by 
the best artists of that time, and used the income from her activities for charity, for which she received a high 
award - the Order "For Immaculate Service Fatherland in the field of charity and education". Her "Steam factory 
of sweets and chocolate" subsequently "spawned" the Voronezh confectionery factory, which continued the 
traditions of the factory of Eugenia of Oldenburg, although in a different building, because. the steam factory 
subsequently burned down. The equipment of the burned down (there was an arson) factory was moved to a 
new building and is probably still working. 
In 2013, the palace park was reconstructed in accordance with the canons of the classical style, where 
guests are greeted by geometrically shaped bright flower beds, clearly defined paths, neatly trimmed trees and 
shrubs that delight the eye and create an amazing mood. The government of the Voronezh region and the 
administration of the Ramonsky municipal district did a great job of resettling the inhabitants of the buildings of 
the Palace complex in new houses at the expense of the Fund for Supporting the Cultural Heritage of the 
Voronezh Region. In the Palace, 3 fireplaces were restored, the roof and facade in the building. Engineering 
communications are connected to these buildings. In 2014, the autonomous cultural institution "Historical and 
Cultural Center "The Palace Complex of Oldenburg" began its activities, created by the Decree of the 
Government of the Voronezh Region. 
12 
  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License