Oбучение чтению экономической литературы на английском языке. Часть 2
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Новинка
Тематика:
Английский язык
Авторы:
Иванова Людмила Андреевна, Кузнецова Тамара Ильинична, Лазарева Зоря Русланoвна, Можайко Лидия Ивановна
Год издания: 2009
Кол-во страниц: 52
Дополнительно
Вид издания:
Учебно-методическая литература
Уровень образования:
ВО - Бакалавриат
Артикул: 840541.01.99
Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для обучения переводу и пониманию экономической литературы на английском языке. Пособие состоит из трех уроков. Каждый урок объединен одной тематикой и содержит: основной текст, назначением которого является обучение чтению экономической литературы, дополнительные тексты для поискового чтения, упражнения на активизацию лексического и грамматического материала, англо-русские предтекстовые словари.
Для студентов младших курсов факультета ИБМ.
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Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана ОБУЧЕНИЕ ЧТЕНИЮ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ В четырех частях Часть 2 Учебно-методическое пособие Москва Издательство МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана 2009
УДК 802.0 ББК 81.2 Англ-923 О267 О267 Р е ц е н з е н т И.Ф. Беликова Oбучение чтению экономической литературы на английском языке: учеб.-метод. пособие / Л.А. Иванова, Т.И. Кузнецова, З.Р. Лазарева, Л.И. Можайко: В 4 ч. – Ч. 2. – М.: Изд-во МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2009. – 52 с. Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для обучения переводу и пониманию экономической литературы на английском языке. Пособие состоит из трех уроков. Каждый урок объединен одной тематикой и содержит: основной текст, назначением которого является обучение чтению экономической литературы, дополнительные тексты для поискового чтения, упражнения на активизацию лексического и грамматического материала, англо-русские предтекстовые словари. Для студентов младших курсов факультета ИБМ. УДК 802.0 ББК 81.2 Англ-923 Учебное издание Иванова Людмила Андреевна Кузнецова Тамара Ильинична Лазарева Зоря Русланoвна Можайко Лидия Ивановна ОБУЧЕНИЕ ЧТЕНИЮ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ Часть 2 Корректор М.А. Василевская Компьютерная верстка В.И. Товстоног Подписано в печать 06.07.2009. Формат 60×84/16. Усл. печ. л. 2,79. Тираж 300 экз. Изд. № 60. Заказ Издательство МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана. Типография МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана. 105005, Москва, 2-я Бауманская ул., 5. c⃝ МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2009
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Настоящее учебно-методическое пособие представляет собой вторую часть пособия «Обучение чтению экономической литературы на английском языке». В совокупности с первой частью оно включает основной грамматический и лексический материал, предусмотренный программой для студентов первого курса неязыковых вузов. Пособие составлено на материале оригинальной британской экономической литературы. Оно состоит из трех уроков (Units). В каждый урок входят основной текст, грамматические и лексические упражнения, дополнительные тексты, словарь. Упражнения составлены в соответствии с требованиями отечественной и зарубежной методики преподавания и контроля языковых знаний. Имеются упражнения, направленные на развитие навыков устного и письменного перевода экономической литературы как с английского языка на русский, так и с русского языка на английский. Основной и дополнительные тексты служат цели развития навыков чтения и понимания оригинальной литературы. Текстовый материал содержит много информации, представляющей интерес для студентов, изучающих бизнес и менеджмент. Вторая часть пособия предназначена для студентов второго семестра факультета «Инженерный бизнес и менеджмент».
UNIT 4 The Object. Object Clauses The Sequence of Tenses The Attribute. Attributive Clauses Phrasal verbs: coincide with; lead to/up; place on/in/with/; follow on/out; throw up/out/ of; throw away/ on. Exercises 1. Make up indirect questions. Every person wanted to know 1. Does a growing economy mean a developing economy? 2. Are many changes in economy an integral part of growth? 3. Will firms decline as their profit becomes obsolete? 4. How long has the country been producing new goods for marketing? 5. What can encourage the development of businesses? 6. Could governments help promote economy growth by increasing their own expenditure? 7. Have small enterprises got any support from the government at the time of financial default? 2. Open the brackets, use the proper tense. Мг. S arrived at the border by train. A porter саme into the compartment and asked if he (wish) to remove the luggage from the rack and whether he (have got) anything mоге in the luggage-van. The next came a customs officer and asked what he (have) to declare. 4
Mr S. answered that he (not know) what he (be allowed). The officer gave him а list of prohibited and duty-free articles and ordered him (to open) а trunk. The next question was how much foreign currency he (to be carrying). At last the officer took out some stamps and pasted on the suit-case. Не explained that he did it to show that the luggage (have been cleared) at the Customs. 3. Look at the list of things Rachel said to you, then tell another person what she said. Use reported speech. 1. I’m going to work in Spain next year. 2. I work for a small publishing company. 3. I’m their marketing manager. 4. The company has opened the subsidiary in Barcelona. 5. It’s been very successful. 6. I’ve been chosen to run a new office in Madrid. 7. I don’t have much time to enjoy myself. 8. I haven’t had lunch with a friend for ages. 9. I’m studying Spanish in the evenings. 10. I hope my friends will come and visit me in Madrid. 11. I went there last week with my secretary. 12. We didn’t have much time for sightseeing. 13. I have to get back to work now. 4 a) Tony is being interviewed for a job. Look at the interviewer’s notes and Tony’s answers, then put questions. 1. Age? How old are you? 2. Live locally? 3. Address? 4. When/leave school? 5. Which /school/go? 6. Work/now? 7. Who/work for? 8. How long? 9. Enjoy/present job? 10. Why/want/leave? 5
b) After the interview Tony told his friends what he had been asked. Mind the correct word order in the clause. 1. She asked me how old I was. 2. She asked me . . . Change the sentences 2 – 10. 5. Rewrite the sentences beginning in the way shown. 1. “Which company is looking for a good salesman?” asked Tom. Tom asked (me) which company was looking for a good salesman. 2. “Does your organization need people for a short period of time?” asked Ann. Ann asked 3. “What do the customers like in the company: prices or service?” – asked Jenifer. Jenifer asked 4. “How often do you take part in the International Trade Fairs?” asked the company’s guest. The guest wanted to know 5. “Do you have an appointment?” said the clerk. The clerk asked 6. “Have you seen the file with our new contract?” asked the manager his secretary. The manager wondered 7. “What kinds of advertisements do you consider to be the most effective? ” asked a reporter. A reporter asked 8. “Is the full set of goods displayed in the company?” asked Richard a travel agent. Richard asked 9. “When can I see the production manager?” Charles asked the receptionist. Charles asked 6
6. Most of the following sentences contain one mistake. Correct it. 1. When I asked Joan about her work she said she had lost her job and is short of money. 2. The production director explained that the Rover car company invested 1400 million to manufacture a new car model named Cowley. 3. The lecturer explained the student that a partnership is a business formed for profit by two or more co-owners. 4. When a company services the machinery after it has sold the product, it provides after-sales service. 5. We were disappointed when the receptionist told that the hotel was fully booked that week. 6. The sales manager announced that the new model goes on sale next spring.. 7. The manager told to call him if the front-desk cashiers had any problems. 8. Many businessmen are usually holding press conferences to promote their activity. 7. Translate into Russian. 1. I like people who have a good sense of humor and don’t take themselves too seriously. 2. The novel I have read recently is about a woman who fell madly in love with her master. 3. My friend, who is a very pessimistic person, never believes in the success of any new company headed by not a professional person. 4. The man with whom I made friends not long ago escaped suddenly and was never seen anywhere. 5. There is a company, whose name is unknown to me, that sells different computer facilities. 6. Computer programming is something about which I know much. 7. I found in the newspaper everything which would interest me. 8. The computers, which had been selling for the last two months, proved to be unreliable. 7
9. He said that the company didn’t make profit at all, which was not true. 10. There was nobody left in the hall, which was strange and unusual. 8. Complete the sentences with a word or a phrase from the box and your own ideas. Which to whom who where who where 1. I bought the newspaper which had a lot of job vacancies. 2. I like meeting people who have traveled widely. 3. Most of my friends are people 4. I feel sorry for children 5. I never wear clothes 6. My best friend is someone 7. I avoid going to restaurants 8. Yesterday I had a job interview 9. Choose the correct phrasal verb in an appropriate form to complete each sentence (coincide with; lead to/up; place on/in/with; follow on; throw up/out of/ away on). 1. The students in this college are taking courses______________ a degree. 2. The government _____________ another tax _____________ cigarettes. 3. If you don’t keep your accounts straight – serious debt could _____________. 4. Don’t _____________ you education by leaving now. 5. The opening ceremony ____________ the worst storm in this century. 6. I wish _____________ some money_____________ this bank. 7. The newspapers faithfully reported the events that ____________ the Minister’s dismissal. 8
8. I have had my order _____________ this bookstore for 3 months, but there is still no sign of the books. 9. The serious fire at the factory _____________ 2,000 men and women ___________ work. 10. Why did you __________ your money__________ such a risky way to get interest? Read and translate the text using Essential Vocabulary and any necessary dictionary. Text 4A. Economic Growth As a nation’s economy grows it is able to produce more goods and services each year. The value of national output is measured by the national income. Therefore, economic growth is usually termed as the rate at which the national income of a country grows in real terms. This means the rate of growth of national income, after allowance has been made for inflation. Governments seek the fastest possible economic growth without incurring undesirable side – effects such as inflation. Increases in those factors which create injections into the circular flow (export sales, investment and government expenditure) increase the level of economic activity which, if sustained, leads to economic growth. It follows from this that governments can help promote economic growth by increasing their own expenditure when appropriate. They can also do so by attempting to create an environment where exports can flourish and businesses consider investment worthwhile. Such economic growth is a major objective of governments since a rise in the standard of living of the country’s people should follow. This is, however, only true if national income has risen even when inflation has been allowed for, otherwise it means that the price of the nations output has increased rather than quantity. It is also important that the growth of the population has not exceeded the growth of national income, otherwise the additional output will have been swallowed up amongst the extra people. It is necessary for real national income per head to rise to increase the general standard of living. And even under these circumstances some groups in society (for example, pensioners) 9
may not share in the increased prosperity because their incomes rise less quickly than those of other groups, notably those in full – time employment. A growing economy means a developing economy: change is an integral part of growth. Some firms will decline as their products become obsolete or go out of fashion while others thrive as their goods or services become popular and as they innovate new advanced ideas. Opportunities are regularly thrown up as markets are created by the additional spending power that is placed in hands of the public. Talented and perceptive managers can take advantage of the chances created -growth provides a frame work for success. As with all opportunities, some businesses will benefit more than offers the favourable economic environment. All products have a life cycle, though the length of the cycle may vary. Firms with products at the end of their cycle may benefit little from rising styles. In contrast, new product which coincides with a strong period of economic growth has a distinct advantage. It is this factor which partly explains the rapid increase in popularity and sales of Compact Disc players in the late 1980s, Most businesses prefer periods of economic growth not only because of buoyant sales but also because tax rates can fall. Since governments have to support less unemployed at a time when tax revenues are booming they can afford to cut rates. It also offers the opportunities to improve the infrastructure of the economy by building new roads, rail links, airports, etc. Both factors can encourage the development of all businesses. Exercises 1. Answer the questions to the text. 1. What is measured bу the national income? 2. What is necessary for the growth of the national income? 3. What сап increase the level of economic activity? 4. Economic activity leads to economic growth, doesn’t it? 5. How саn government promote economic growth? 6. Is the growth of the population important for national economy? 7. What does the expression “standard of living” mean? 8. А growing economy means а developing economy, doesn’t it? 10