Обучение чтению и устной речи на английском языке по специальности «Теплофизика»

Московский государственный технический университет 

имени Н.Э. Баумана

 

С.С. Захарова 

Обучение чтению и устной речи 

на английском языке по специальности 

«Теплофизика»

Учебное пособие

УДК  802.0
ББК  81. Англ.-923
           З-38

Захарова, С. С.

Обучение чтению и устной речи на английском языке по специ
альности «Теплофизика»  :  учебное пособие / C. C. Захарова. —  
Москва : Издательство МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана, 2016. — 55, [5] с.

ISBN 978-5-7038-4618-6

Издание состоит из трех модульных блоков (Units), содержит 

современные оригинальные тексты на английском языке по 
изучаемой специальности, лексико-грамматические и коммуникативные задания и упражнения, позволяющие развивать навыки чтения, аннотирования научно-технической литературы, а 
также профессионально-ориентированного общения и устной 
речи.

Для студентов старших курсов, магистрантов и аспирантов, 

обучающихся по специальности «Теплофизика» на факультете 
«Энергомашиностроение» МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана.

УДК  802.0
ББК  81. Англ.-923

© МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2016
© Оформление. Издательство 
 
МГТУ им. Н.Э.Баумана, 2016

Издание доступно в электронном виде на портале ebooks.bmstu.ru

по адресу: http://ebooks.bmstu.ru/catalog/107/book1606.html

Факультет  «Лингвистика»

Кафедра «Английский язык для машиностроительных 

специальностей»

Рекомендовано 

Редакционно-издательским советом МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана 

в качестве учебного пособия

З-38

 
ISBN 9978-5-7038-4618-6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Учебное пособие состоит из трех модульных блоков (Units), со
держит учебные материалы: тексты из оригинальной научно-технической литературы на английском языке; словарные блоки,  
в которые включены термины и общетехническая лексика; лексико-грамматические упражнения, а также речевые упражнения, 
разговорные модели и клише, направленные на формирование у 
студентов навыков и умений вести профессионально-ориентированную беседу на английском языке и выступать с презентацией 
по соответствующей тематике.

Целью работы является развитие и закрепление навыков чте
ния, говорения, аннотирования научно-технической литературы 
на английском языке по изучаемой специальности.

Пособие предназначено для студентов старших курсов, ма
гистрантов и аспирантов факультета «Энергомашиностроение» 
МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, обучающихся по специальности «Теплофизика».

UNIT 1

Heat Transfer and Thermodynamics

New words and word combinations to be memorized:

equilibrium n     — равновесие
heat transfer  
   — теплопередача

flow n   
   — поток; расход

uninhabitable adj — необитаемый
tempt v              — искушать
erroneous adj     — ошибочный, неправильный
restrict v  
  — ограничивать

primarily adv    — главным образом
variable n  
  — переменная (величина)

uniform adj  
  — единообразный; однородный, постоянный

devise v  
  — разрабатывать, придумывать

experience n,v    — опыт; испытывать, знать по опыту
sole adj  
  — единственный; исключительный

gross adj  
  — общий

generalize v  
  — обобщать, делать общие выводы

identify v  
  — распознавать, устанавливать

quantify v  
  — определять количество 

1. Match the words in column A with their definitions in column B.

A
B

1  equilibrium
a      the act or process of changing sth from one form 

to another

2  thermodynamics b     the detailed study or examination of sth in order  

to understand more about it

3  hypothesis
c    a source of power 

4    heat 
d    heat, energy that is sent out in the form of rays 

5    transfer 
e    a number or quantity that can vary or be varied

6    energy
f    a state of balance, especially between opposing  

forces or influences

7    radiation
g    the quality of being hot 

8    analysis
h   the process of becoming slowly mixed with the  

substance

9    variable
i    the act of moving sb/sth from one place to  

another 

10  diffusion
j    an idea or explanation of sth that is based on a  

few known facts but has not yet been proved to be 
true or correct; gueses and ideas that are not based  
on certain knowledge.

11  сonversion
k                 the  science that deals with the  relations  

between  heat and other forms of energy

2. Read the following nouns derived from Latin and Greek; mind the 

pronunciation in the singular and plural forms.
Hypothesis — hypotheses; basis — bases; datum — data; symbiosis —  
symbioses; medium — media; spectrum — spectra; phenomenon — 
phenomena; axis — axes; analysis — analyses.

3. Translate the following words both as nouns and verbs.

Effect, contact, finish, pass, force, place, use, work, size, house, help, 
stop, cut, result, attempt, drive, range, design, form, experience, 
process, transport, transfer.

4. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word 

combinations.
Net transfer of heat, energy transport, at first glance, conclusion would 
be erroneous, initial energy, heat flow, a lack of equilibrium, in terms 
of gross characteristics.

5. You are going to read the introductory Text 1A. Before reading try 

to answer the following questions. Share your answers with your fellow  
students. 
1. What do you know about the subject of heat transfer? 2. Were you 
given lectures on the laws of thermodynamiсs? 3. Do you agree that the 

sun is the initial source of energy? 4. What do you know about radiation?  
5. What would happen if we were to cut off the radiation from the sun?  
6. What does classical thermodynamics deal with?

TEXT 1A

Heat Transfer and Thermodynamics

The subject of heat transfer, or more generally the transport of energy, 
is of importance to all engineers and scientists, for it is energy, initially 
derived from the sun, on which the world runs. If we were to cut off 
the radiation from the sun we would soon find the world to be an 
uninhabitable sphere, and if we misuse the energy that is currently 
available to us a similar result may occur for other reasons.

The branch of science that deals with the relation between heat and 

other forms of energy, including mechanical work in particular, is called 
thermodynamics. Its principles, like all laws of nature, are based on 
observations and have been generalized into laws that are believed to 
hold for all processes occurring in nature because no exceptions have 
ever been found. For example, the first law of thermodynamics states 
that energy can be neither created nor destroyed but only changed from 
one form to another. It governs all energy transformations quantitatively, 
but places no restrictions on the direction of the transformation. It is 
known, however, from experience that no process is possible whose sole 
result is the net transfer of heat from a region of lower temperature to 
a region of higher temperature. This statement of experimental truth is 
known as the second law of thermodynamics.

Whenever a temperature gradient exists within a system, or whenever 

two systems at different temperatures are brought into contact energy 
is transferred. The process by which the energy transport takes place 
is known as heat transfer. The thing in transit, called heat, cannot be 
observed or measured directly. However, its effects can be identified and 
quantified through measurements and analysis. The flow of heat, like 
the performance of work, is a process by which the initial energy of a 
system is changed.

All heat transfer processes involve the exchange and/or conversion 

of energy. They must, therefore, obey the first as well as the second 
law of thermodynamics. At first glance, one might therefore be tempted 
to assume that the principles of heat transfer can be derived from the 
basic laws of thermodynamics. This conclusion, however, would be