Обучение чтению литературы на английском языке по специальности «Подводные роботы и аппараты

Московский государственный технический университет 
имени Н.Э. Баумана

Е.В. Перфильева, С.Ю. Савинова

Обучение чтению литературы 
на английском языке по специальности 
«Подводные роботы и аппараты»

Учебное пособие

ISBN 978-5-7038-4390-1

© МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2016
© Оформление. Издательство 
 
МГТУ им. Н.Э.Баумана, 2016

УДК 802.0
ББК 81.2 Англ.-923
       П26

Издание доступно в электронном виде на портале ebooks.bmstu.ru  
по адресу: http://ebooks.bmstu.ru/catalog/107/book1414.html

Факультет «Лингвистика»
Кафедра «Английский язык 
для машиностроительных специальностей»

Рекомендовано Редакционно-издательским советом
МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана в качестве учебного пособия

Перфильева, Е. В.
Обучение чтению литературы на английском языке по специальности «Подводные роботы и аппараты» : учебное пособие / 
Е. В. Перфильева, С. Ю. Савинова. — Москва : Издательство 
МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана, 2016. — 34, [2] c.

ISBN 978-5-7038-4390-1

В издании представлены оригинальные материалы, разработаны лексико-грамматические упражнения, задания по 
практике устной речи, предложены дополнительные тексты.
Для студентов старших курсов факультета «Специальное 
машиностроение». 

УДК 802.0
ББК 81.2 Англ.-923

П26

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Пособие состоит из трех тематически связанных разделов, каждый 
из которых содержит тексты из оригинальной научно-технической литературы на английском языке, словарные блоки, включающие терминологию; лексико-грамматические упражнения, способствующие развитию навыков перевода текстов по изучаемой в техническом вузе 
специальности, а также навыков устной речи по тематике будущей 
профессии. 
Пособие предназначено для студентов старших курсов, обучающихся по специальности «Подводные роботы и аппараты». Оно 
может быть использовано как для самостоятельной работы, так и для 
занятий в аудитории под руководством преподавателя. 

Unit 1

new words

to tether
—
привязывать
hazardous
—
опасный
wreckage
—
крушение
to roam
—
бороздить
umbilical
—
соединительный кабель
maintenance —
техническое обслуживание
survey
—
обозрение, обслуживание

1. Translate the following word combinations.
Tethered underwater robot, associated power supply, deep-sea rescue 
ope-ration, offshore oil field, subsequent repair and maintenance, deep 
ocean research system, serious stagnation in technological development.

2. Read the international words and give their meanings.
Cooperation, associate, transmit, location, penetrate, observation, 
operator, local, maneuver, manipulator, system, ocean, cable, lift, 
construct, mechanical.

3. Read the words and state the parts of speech they belong to.
1. Connect — connecting — connection — connective — 
connected — interconnection — interconnection.
2. Submerge — submerged — submersible — submerging — 
submergence.
3. Construct — constructive — construction.
4. Transport — transporter — transportation — transportable.
5. Inspect — inspector — inspection.

4. Guess the meanings of the words.
Perform, hazardous, occur, vary, essential, install, maintain, handle, 
carry out, dangerous, take place, differ, significant, place, determine, 
fix, regulate.

5. Read and translate text 1A.

text 1A

What is an ROV?

A Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is essentially a tethered 
underwater robot that allows the vehicle’s operator to remain in a 
comfortable environment while the ROV works in the hazardous 
environment below. The total ROV system is comprised of the vehicle, 
which is connected to the control van and operators on the surface by 
a tether or umbilical — a group of cables that carry electrical power, 
video and data signals back and forth between the operator and the 
vehicle — a handling system to control the cable dynamics, a launch 
system and associated power supplies. High power applications will 
often use hydraulics in addition to electrical cabling. In many cases, the 
umbilical includes additional strength members to allow recovery of 
heavy devices or wreckage.
Most ROVs are equipped with at least a video camera and lights. 
Additional equipment is commonly added to expand the vehicle’s 
capabilities. These may include sonars, magnetometers, a still camera, 
a manipulator or cutting arm, water samples, and instruments that 
measure water clarity, light penetration and temperature.
ROVs can vary in size from small vehicles with TVs for simple 
observation up to complex work systems, which can have several 
dexterous manipulators, TV’s, video cameras, tools and other 
equipment; the mechanism of the top hat handling system, which 
contains deployable neutrally buoyant cable for local excursions. Such 
handling techniques allow the heavy umbilical to remain vertical in the 
water column while the ROV maneuvers with the smaller cables, free of 
the surface dynamics, which in many cases, can pull the ROV from its 
work station.
Today, advanced technology is allowing many ROVs to shed their 
cable, and thus become free to roam the ocean without such physical 
constraints. These emerging systems, which are battery operated, are 
called autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and are used for ocean 
search and oceanographic research.

A brief history of ROVs

The PUV (Programmed Underwater Vehicle) was a torpedo 
developed by Luppis-Whitehead Automobile in Austria in 1864, 

however, the first tethered ROV, named POODLE, was developed by 
Dimitri Rebikoff in 1953.
The United States Navy is credited with advancing the technology 
to an operational state in its quest to develop robots to recover 
underwater ordnance lost during at-sea tests.
The US Navy funded most of the early ROV technology development 
in the 1960s into what was then named a “Cable-Controlled Underwater 
Recovery Vehicle” (CURV). This created the capability to perform 
deep-sea rescue operation and recover objects from the ocean floor, 
such as a nuclear bomb lost in the Mediterranean Sea after the 1966 
Palomares B-52 crash and then saved the pilots of a sunken submersible 
off Cork, Ireland, the Pisces in 1973, with only minutes of air remaining.
The next step in advancing the technology was performed by 
commercial firms that saw the future in ROV support of offshore oil 
operations. Building on this technology base, the offshore oil & gas 
industry created the work class ROVs to assist in the development of 
offshore oil fields. Two of the first ROVs developed for offshore work 
were the RCV-225 and RCV-150 developed by Hydro Products in the 
US. During the mid 1980s the marine ROV industry suffered from 
serious stagnation in technological development caused in part by a 
drop in the price of oil and a global recession. Since then, technological 
development in the ROV industry has accelerated and today ROVs 
perform numerous tasks in many fields. Their tasks range from simple 
inspection of subsea structures, pipeline and platforms to connecting 
pipelines and placing underwater manifolds. They are used extensively 
both in the initial construction of sub-sea development and subsequent 
repair and maintenance.
With ROVs working as deep as 100,000 feet in support of offshore oil 
and other tasks, the technology has reached a level of coast effectiveness 
that allows organizations from police departments to academic institutions 
to operate vehicles that range from small inspection vehicles to deep 
ocean research systems.

6. Answer the following questions.
1. What is an ROV?
2. What are most ROVs equipped with?
3. What were the first ROVs developed for?
4. What tasks do today ROVs perform?

7. Make up a plan and give a brief summary to text 1A. The following 
phrases are to help you:
This article in entitled…
It runs about…
The main points described are…
It is also mentioned…
In addition…  / in conclusion
It is emphasized…

8. Translate into Russian and mind Conditionals.
1. The system will fail to perform unless the requirements are 
satisfied.
2. Had we time we should test underwater samples twice.
3. If I were you I should recheck the results of the experiment.
4. This could have been noticed by the programmer if he would 
have inspected his program carefully.
5. If nothing goes wrong the submersible will be equipped with 
additional devices.
6. If a scientific research is closely linked with practice, the results of 
our experiments are always good.

9. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Погружения стали бы более практичными для изучения океанов, если бы они все были обеспечены автоматизированным принципом работы.
2. Если новые батареи будут успешны, то они обеспечат в три 
раза больше мощности, чем обычные.
3. Если бы лаборатории были оснащены современным оборудованием, проводились бы различные сложные эксперименты.
4. Если будет произведен анализ новых данных, исследователи 
опубликуют интересную статью в научном журнале.
5. Если исследователи учтут все особенности данного образца, 
результаты эксперимента будут точнее.

10. Answer the following questions paying attention to Conditionals.
1. If you had more time, would you be able to study more?
2. Would you be able to speak English better if you had more 
practice in conversation?
3. Would you have started to study English long ago if you had 
known that you were going to have practical training abroad?
4. Would it be helpful to you in your work if you could speak English 
well? 

11. Read and translate text 1B.

text 1B

towed Systems

This class represents an overwhelming number of systems that have 
been towed behind ships and boats to perform many different types of 
work. The primary method of operation for towed systems is to launch 
the usually heavy vehicle (very heavy for deep application) and then 
tow it at the desired depth by varying the length of the strong 
electromechanical cable. Whereas Kevlar has provided the breakthrough 
for long length cables for flying ROVs, where the tether needs to remain 
essentially neutral in the water column, steel cables are quite acceptable 
for towed systems. Modern tow cables now include fiber optic 
communications that provide excellent bandwidth for the transmission 
of data from multiple sensors and TVs.
One application for towed vehicles is oceanographic data collection. 
Many of the smaller vehicles are designed to undulate through the 
water column in order to provide profiles (e.g. plankton, etc.). Typical 
sensors used aboard these vehicles are transmissometer, nephelometers, 
bioluminescence and irradiance meters, optical plankton recorders, 
dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll and others.
Many towed vehicles are specifically designed to locate cables or 
pipeline either buried or unburied on the seabed. The vehicles are 
normally either a conventional towed body, or a sled which can carry 
either a magnetometer or gradiometer for locating metallic objects.
One of the most prominent uses of towed vehicles is for search and 
survey. These systems range in size and weight from very small, shallow 
water bodies to large full ocean depth systems. Such systems can survey 
the sea floor for many purposes including mapping, search and salvage, 
route survey, pipeline survey, environmental survey, etc. They can carry 
a variety of survey sensors including TV cameras, film cameras, digital 
cameras, laser imaging systems, side scan sonars, swath bathymetry 
sonars, multibeam sonars, sub-bottom profilers and magnetometer.
Underwater search vehicles, such as Scripps Institution of 
Oceanography’s Deep Tow — one of the first such systems — have 
been used to locate everything from lost torpedoes and aircraft up to 
long lost ships. One of the most famous finds was by the Woods Hold 
Oceanographic Institution’ARGO vehicle which lays claim to the 
discovery of the HMS Titanic.

Notes to the text.
transmissometer — измеритель коэффициента пропускания
nephelometer — мутнометр
bioluminescence — биологическое свечение
irradiance meter — измеритель интенсивности радиации
fluxgate gradiometer — феррозондовый градиометр
12. Answer the following questions to text 1B.
1. What is the primary method of operation for towed systems?
2. What typical sensors are used aboard these vehicles?
3. What purposes can such systems survey the sea floor for?
13. Give a brief summary of text 1B. Use the following verbs and 
phrases in Passive: 
is (are) described, is (are)considered; is (are) discussed; a short 
description of … is given; attention is given to …; it is concluded that.
14. Read and translate text 1C without a dictionary.

text 1C

Crabster goes to the (shallow) depths

Robots have been working in harsh environments for years. There 
are robots that go into fiery conditions and robots that go into frozen 
wastelands. Robots go to Mars. There are eve robots that go underwater.
That’s where the new Crabster robot, compliments of Korean 
Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), will be going. 
This “crab” is about the size and weight of a Smart car.
According to Gizmag com. Scientists plan to send this giant crab 
robot under the sea to explore shipwrecks, a task that has been 
notoriously difficult to conquer. Just like other robots that are designed 
to contend with harsh environments to do their jobs, the Crabster is 
engineered to weather the harsh currents and debris that it will meet 
during its exploration in shallow ocean areas.
Until recently, underwater exploration was done with underwater 
vehicles that were propeller-driven, similar to the vehicles that 
researchers use when exploring wrecks like the Titanic. However, those 
vehicles don’t stand up well to powerful currents, unlike Crabster, 
which has six legs that propel it across the ground.
This robot does move across the ground like real animal with similar 
name. The two front legs are able to pick up items just a crab and the 
items can be stored inside a compartment within the robot. The 
Crabster also has 10 optical cameras to help it look around and send 
pictures back side.
15. Give a brief summary of text 1C. 

Unit 2

new words

to anticipate
— ожидать, предполагать
obstacle
— препятствие
treacherous
— опасный
to monitor  
— контролировать
seabed
— морское дно
conservation 
biologist
— биолог, занимающийся охраной природы

species
— вид, особь
habitat
— местообитание
to span
— стягивать, натягивать
twisting
— извилистый
ravine
— овраг, ущелье
to steer
— управлять, пилотировать
tricky
— трудный, сложный
flexibility
— подвижность, свобода
steeply
— крутой, отвесный
unscathed
— невредимый
obstructions
— помеха, затруднение
a field test
— эксплуатационные  испытания
to hurtle
— мчаться, лететь
to merge
— объединять, соединять
feature
— характеристика

1. Read and translate text 2A.

text 2A

Underwater robots from Stanford smart enough 
to explore treacherous deep-ocean terrain

Engineers at Stanford’s Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics 
and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute have developed