Обучение чтению литературы на английском языке по специальности «Подводные роботы и аппараты
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Тематика:
Английский язык
Год издания: 2016
Кол-во страниц: 36
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Вид издания:
Учебное пособие
Уровень образования:
ВО - Бакалавриат
ISBN: 978-5-7038-4390-1
Артикул: 840478.01.99
В издании представлены оригинальные материалы, разработаны лексико-грамматические упражнения, задания по практике устной речи, предложены дополнительные тексты.
Для студентов старших курсов факультета «Специальное машиностроение».
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Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана Е.В. Перфильева, С.Ю. Савинова Обучение чтению литературы на английском языке по специальности «Подводные роботы и аппараты» Учебное пособие
ISBN 978-5-7038-4390-1 © МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2016 © Оформление. Издательство МГТУ им. Н.Э.Баумана, 2016 УДК 802.0 ББК 81.2 Англ.-923 П26 Издание доступно в электронном виде на портале ebooks.bmstu.ru по адресу: http://ebooks.bmstu.ru/catalog/107/book1414.html Факультет «Лингвистика» Кафедра «Английский язык для машиностроительных специальностей» Рекомендовано Редакционно-издательским советом МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана в качестве учебного пособия Перфильева, Е. В. Обучение чтению литературы на английском языке по специальности «Подводные роботы и аппараты» : учебное пособие / Е. В. Перфильева, С. Ю. Савинова. — Москва : Издательство МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана, 2016. — 34, [2] c. ISBN 978-5-7038-4390-1 В издании представлены оригинальные материалы, разработаны лексико-грамматические упражнения, задания по практике устной речи, предложены дополнительные тексты. Для студентов старших курсов факультета «Специальное машиностроение». УДК 802.0 ББК 81.2 Англ.-923 П26
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Пособие состоит из трех тематически связанных разделов, каждый из которых содержит тексты из оригинальной научно-технической литературы на английском языке, словарные блоки, включающие терминологию; лексико-грамматические упражнения, способствующие развитию навыков перевода текстов по изучаемой в техническом вузе специальности, а также навыков устной речи по тематике будущей профессии. Пособие предназначено для студентов старших курсов, обучающихся по специальности «Подводные роботы и аппараты». Оно может быть использовано как для самостоятельной работы, так и для занятий в аудитории под руководством преподавателя.
Unit 1 new words to tether — привязывать hazardous — опасный wreckage — крушение to roam — бороздить umbilical — соединительный кабель maintenance — техническое обслуживание survey — обозрение, обслуживание 1. Translate the following word combinations. Tethered underwater robot, associated power supply, deep-sea rescue ope-ration, offshore oil field, subsequent repair and maintenance, deep ocean research system, serious stagnation in technological development. 2. Read the international words and give their meanings. Cooperation, associate, transmit, location, penetrate, observation, operator, local, maneuver, manipulator, system, ocean, cable, lift, construct, mechanical. 3. Read the words and state the parts of speech they belong to. 1. Connect — connecting — connection — connective — connected — interconnection — interconnection. 2. Submerge — submerged — submersible — submerging — submergence. 3. Construct — constructive — construction. 4. Transport — transporter — transportation — transportable. 5. Inspect — inspector — inspection. 4. Guess the meanings of the words. Perform, hazardous, occur, vary, essential, install, maintain, handle, carry out, dangerous, take place, differ, significant, place, determine, fix, regulate.
5. Read and translate text 1A. text 1A What is an ROV? A Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is essentially a tethered underwater robot that allows the vehicle’s operator to remain in a comfortable environment while the ROV works in the hazardous environment below. The total ROV system is comprised of the vehicle, which is connected to the control van and operators on the surface by a tether or umbilical — a group of cables that carry electrical power, video and data signals back and forth between the operator and the vehicle — a handling system to control the cable dynamics, a launch system and associated power supplies. High power applications will often use hydraulics in addition to electrical cabling. In many cases, the umbilical includes additional strength members to allow recovery of heavy devices or wreckage. Most ROVs are equipped with at least a video camera and lights. Additional equipment is commonly added to expand the vehicle’s capabilities. These may include sonars, magnetometers, a still camera, a manipulator or cutting arm, water samples, and instruments that measure water clarity, light penetration and temperature. ROVs can vary in size from small vehicles with TVs for simple observation up to complex work systems, which can have several dexterous manipulators, TV’s, video cameras, tools and other equipment; the mechanism of the top hat handling system, which contains deployable neutrally buoyant cable for local excursions. Such handling techniques allow the heavy umbilical to remain vertical in the water column while the ROV maneuvers with the smaller cables, free of the surface dynamics, which in many cases, can pull the ROV from its work station. Today, advanced technology is allowing many ROVs to shed their cable, and thus become free to roam the ocean without such physical constraints. These emerging systems, which are battery operated, are called autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and are used for ocean search and oceanographic research. A brief history of ROVs The PUV (Programmed Underwater Vehicle) was a torpedo developed by Luppis-Whitehead Automobile in Austria in 1864,
however, the first tethered ROV, named POODLE, was developed by Dimitri Rebikoff in 1953. The United States Navy is credited with advancing the technology to an operational state in its quest to develop robots to recover underwater ordnance lost during at-sea tests. The US Navy funded most of the early ROV technology development in the 1960s into what was then named a “Cable-Controlled Underwater Recovery Vehicle” (CURV). This created the capability to perform deep-sea rescue operation and recover objects from the ocean floor, such as a nuclear bomb lost in the Mediterranean Sea after the 1966 Palomares B-52 crash and then saved the pilots of a sunken submersible off Cork, Ireland, the Pisces in 1973, with only minutes of air remaining. The next step in advancing the technology was performed by commercial firms that saw the future in ROV support of offshore oil operations. Building on this technology base, the offshore oil & gas industry created the work class ROVs to assist in the development of offshore oil fields. Two of the first ROVs developed for offshore work were the RCV-225 and RCV-150 developed by Hydro Products in the US. During the mid 1980s the marine ROV industry suffered from serious stagnation in technological development caused in part by a drop in the price of oil and a global recession. Since then, technological development in the ROV industry has accelerated and today ROVs perform numerous tasks in many fields. Their tasks range from simple inspection of subsea structures, pipeline and platforms to connecting pipelines and placing underwater manifolds. They are used extensively both in the initial construction of sub-sea development and subsequent repair and maintenance. With ROVs working as deep as 100,000 feet in support of offshore oil and other tasks, the technology has reached a level of coast effectiveness that allows organizations from police departments to academic institutions to operate vehicles that range from small inspection vehicles to deep ocean research systems. 6. Answer the following questions. 1. What is an ROV? 2. What are most ROVs equipped with? 3. What were the first ROVs developed for? 4. What tasks do today ROVs perform?
7. Make up a plan and give a brief summary to text 1A. The following phrases are to help you: This article in entitled… It runs about… The main points described are… It is also mentioned… In addition… / in conclusion It is emphasized… 8. Translate into Russian and mind Conditionals. 1. The system will fail to perform unless the requirements are satisfied. 2. Had we time we should test underwater samples twice. 3. If I were you I should recheck the results of the experiment. 4. This could have been noticed by the programmer if he would have inspected his program carefully. 5. If nothing goes wrong the submersible will be equipped with additional devices. 6. If a scientific research is closely linked with practice, the results of our experiments are always good. 9. Translate from Russian into English. 1. Погружения стали бы более практичными для изучения океанов, если бы они все были обеспечены автоматизированным принципом работы. 2. Если новые батареи будут успешны, то они обеспечат в три раза больше мощности, чем обычные. 3. Если бы лаборатории были оснащены современным оборудованием, проводились бы различные сложные эксперименты. 4. Если будет произведен анализ новых данных, исследователи опубликуют интересную статью в научном журнале. 5. Если исследователи учтут все особенности данного образца, результаты эксперимента будут точнее. 10. Answer the following questions paying attention to Conditionals. 1. If you had more time, would you be able to study more? 2. Would you be able to speak English better if you had more practice in conversation? 3. Would you have started to study English long ago if you had known that you were going to have practical training abroad? 4. Would it be helpful to you in your work if you could speak English well?
11. Read and translate text 1B. text 1B towed Systems This class represents an overwhelming number of systems that have been towed behind ships and boats to perform many different types of work. The primary method of operation for towed systems is to launch the usually heavy vehicle (very heavy for deep application) and then tow it at the desired depth by varying the length of the strong electromechanical cable. Whereas Kevlar has provided the breakthrough for long length cables for flying ROVs, where the tether needs to remain essentially neutral in the water column, steel cables are quite acceptable for towed systems. Modern tow cables now include fiber optic communications that provide excellent bandwidth for the transmission of data from multiple sensors and TVs. One application for towed vehicles is oceanographic data collection. Many of the smaller vehicles are designed to undulate through the water column in order to provide profiles (e.g. plankton, etc.). Typical sensors used aboard these vehicles are transmissometer, nephelometers, bioluminescence and irradiance meters, optical plankton recorders, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll and others. Many towed vehicles are specifically designed to locate cables or pipeline either buried or unburied on the seabed. The vehicles are normally either a conventional towed body, or a sled which can carry either a magnetometer or gradiometer for locating metallic objects. One of the most prominent uses of towed vehicles is for search and survey. These systems range in size and weight from very small, shallow water bodies to large full ocean depth systems. Such systems can survey the sea floor for many purposes including mapping, search and salvage, route survey, pipeline survey, environmental survey, etc. They can carry a variety of survey sensors including TV cameras, film cameras, digital cameras, laser imaging systems, side scan sonars, swath bathymetry sonars, multibeam sonars, sub-bottom profilers and magnetometer. Underwater search vehicles, such as Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s Deep Tow — one of the first such systems — have been used to locate everything from lost torpedoes and aircraft up to long lost ships. One of the most famous finds was by the Woods Hold Oceanographic Institution’ARGO vehicle which lays claim to the discovery of the HMS Titanic.
Notes to the text. transmissometer — измеритель коэффициента пропускания nephelometer — мутнометр bioluminescence — биологическое свечение irradiance meter — измеритель интенсивности радиации fluxgate gradiometer — феррозондовый градиометр 12. Answer the following questions to text 1B. 1. What is the primary method of operation for towed systems? 2. What typical sensors are used aboard these vehicles? 3. What purposes can such systems survey the sea floor for? 13. Give a brief summary of text 1B. Use the following verbs and phrases in Passive: is (are) described, is (are)considered; is (are) discussed; a short description of … is given; attention is given to …; it is concluded that. 14. Read and translate text 1C without a dictionary. text 1C Crabster goes to the (shallow) depths Robots have been working in harsh environments for years. There are robots that go into fiery conditions and robots that go into frozen wastelands. Robots go to Mars. There are eve robots that go underwater. That’s where the new Crabster robot, compliments of Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), will be going. This “crab” is about the size and weight of a Smart car. According to Gizmag com. Scientists plan to send this giant crab robot under the sea to explore shipwrecks, a task that has been notoriously difficult to conquer. Just like other robots that are designed to contend with harsh environments to do their jobs, the Crabster is engineered to weather the harsh currents and debris that it will meet during its exploration in shallow ocean areas. Until recently, underwater exploration was done with underwater vehicles that were propeller-driven, similar to the vehicles that researchers use when exploring wrecks like the Titanic. However, those vehicles don’t stand up well to powerful currents, unlike Crabster, which has six legs that propel it across the ground. This robot does move across the ground like real animal with similar name. The two front legs are able to pick up items just a crab and the items can be stored inside a compartment within the robot. The Crabster also has 10 optical cameras to help it look around and send pictures back side. 15. Give a brief summary of text 1C.
Unit 2 new words to anticipate — ожидать, предполагать obstacle — препятствие treacherous — опасный to monitor — контролировать seabed — морское дно conservation biologist — биолог, занимающийся охраной природы species — вид, особь habitat — местообитание to span — стягивать, натягивать twisting — извилистый ravine — овраг, ущелье to steer — управлять, пилотировать tricky — трудный, сложный flexibility — подвижность, свобода steeply — крутой, отвесный unscathed — невредимый obstructions — помеха, затруднение a field test — эксплуатационные испытания to hurtle — мчаться, лететь to merge — объединять, соединять feature — характеристика 1. Read and translate text 2A. text 2A Underwater robots from Stanford smart enough to explore treacherous deep-ocean terrain Engineers at Stanford’s Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute have developed