English for machine-building engineers

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего образования

«Оренбургский государственный университет»

Н.В. Еремина, В.В. Томин, В.В. Мороз 

ENGLISH 
FOR MACHINE-BUILDING 
ENGINEERS 

Учебное пособие 

Рекомендовано ученым советом федерального государственного 
бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования 
«Оренбургский государственный университет» для обучающихся 
по образовательным программам высшего образования 
по направлениям подготовки 15.03.01 Машиностроение, 
15.03.04 Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств, 
15.03.05 Конструкторско-технологическое обеспечение 
машиностроительных производств, 09.03.01 Информатика и 
вычислительная техника, 20.03.01 Техносферная безопасность, 
22.03.01 Материаловедение и технологии материалов, 
27.03.03 Системный анализ и управление, 
27.03.04 Управление в технических системах 

Оренбург 
2021

УДК 802.0 (076.5) 
ББК 81.2 Англ 7 
Е70 

Рецензент – профессор, доктор педагогических наук Н.В. Янкина 

Еремина Н.В. 
      English for machine-building engineers [Электронный ресурс] : 
учебное пособие для обучающихся по образовательным программам 
высшего 
образования 
по 
направлениям 
подготовки 
15.03.01 
"Машиностроение", 
15.03.04 
"Автоматизация 
технологических 
процессов и производств", 15.03.05 "Конструкторско-технологическое 
обеспечение 
машиностроительных 
производств", 
09.03.01 
"Информатика и вычислительная техника", 20.03.01 "Техносферная 
безопасность", 22.03.01 "Материаловедение и технологии материалов", 
27.03.03 "Системный анализ и управление", 27.03.04 "Управление в 
технических системах" / Н. В. Еремина, В. В. Томин, В. В. Мороз; М-во 
науки и высш. образования Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. 
образоват. учреждение высш. образования "Оренбург. гос. ун-т". - 
Оренбург 
: 
ОГУ. 
- 
2021. 
- 
107 
с- 
Загл. 
с 
тит. 
экрана.
ISBN 978-5-7410-2670-0 

Учебное пособие включает профессионально-ориентированные 
тексты на английском языке с комплексом лексико-грамматических 
упражнений, направленных на развитие навыков чтения, понимания, 
обсуждения и перевода специальной литературы. Тематика текстов 
отражает специфику работы инженера, технологических процессов на 
предприятиях в сфере машиностроения. 
Пособие предназначено для студентов 2 курса инженерных специальностей высших учебных заведений, изучающих дисциплину «Иностранный язык». 

УДК 802.0 (076.5) 
ББК 81.2 Англ 7 

ISBN 978-5-7410-2670-0 

© Еремина Н.В.,

Томин В.В.,

   Мороз В.В., 2021 
© ОГУ, 2021

Е70

Содержание

Введение...................................................................................................................4

1 Unit 1 The engineering profession.........................................................................5

2 Unit 2 Manufacturing engineer ............................................................................32

3 Unit 3 Materials science and technology .............................................................42

4 Unit 4 Materials technology.................................................................................50

5 Unit 5 Engineering materials................................................................................80

Список использованных источников ................................................................107

Введение

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов Аэрокосмического инсти
тута, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки 15.03.01 Машиностроение, 

15.03.04 Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств, 15.03.05 

Конструкторско-технологическое обеспечение машиностроительных произ
водств, 09.03.01 Информатика и вычислительная техника, 20.03.01 Техносфер
ная безопасность, 22.03.01 Материаловедение и технологии материалов, 

27.03.03 Системный анализ и управление, 27.03.04 Управление в технических 

системах в курсе изучения дисциплины «Иностранный язык».

Целью данного пособия является развитие навыков перевода научно
технических текстов, «способности студентов к коммуникации в устной и 

письменной формах на иностранном языке для решения задач профессиональ
ного взаимодействия». Профессионально-ориентированные тексты, сопровож
даемые разнообразными лексическими упражнениями, позволят студентам 

обогатить терминологический словарный запас, расширить знания о професси
ональной деятельности на английском языке. Теоретические пояснения и ком
плекс упражнений способствуют правильному пониманию учебного материала, 

а также развитию навыков адекватного перевода специальной литературы. 

Пособие может быть рекомендовано к использованию, как для аудитор
ных, так и для самостоятельных занятий.

1 Unit 1 The engineering profession

1.1.1 Learn the words and phrases below

to comprise – включать в себя

automated manufacturing of products – автоматизированное производство

товаров

robotics – робототехника

horizons – горизонты

cheap – дешевый

to generate – генерировать, производить

to transmit – передавать

to store – хранить

scale – масштаб

unprecedented in history – не имеющий прецедентов в истории

indication – указание, свидетельство

explosive – взрывной

to deal with – иметь дело с, заниматься чем-либо

integration – интеграция

application – приложение, использование

circuits – электрические схемы, цепи

device – устройство

transmission – передача

processing – обработка

to rely – полагаться

Fourier analysis – анализ Фурье

linear systems theory – теория линейных систем

linear algebra – линейная алгебра

differential equations – дифференциальные уравнения

probability theory – теория вероятности

extensively – широко

replacement – замещение

fiber optics – оптоволоконные технологии

copper – медь

digital – цифровой

immunity – защищенность, невосприимчивость

carrying capacity – пропускная способность

light – легкий

rapidly growing – быстрорастущий

artificial intelligence – искусственный разум

sophisticated – сложный

superconductivity – сверхпроводимость

1.1.2 Make up sentences with these words and phrases in English

1.1.3 Read Text 1.1 and make a plan of it

Text 1.1 My future profession

I was always good in mathematics, and physics. My parents bought me a com
puter when I was in the 10th form. Since then, I knew that I would become a specialist

in computer technologies – a computer engineer.

The computer industry is developing so fast that it comprises almost all spheres

of professional life. No business now is possible without computers. This is especial
ly true about automated manufacturing of products and robotics. Computer control of

automated production opens new horizons for the cheap and quality production of

goods. Information is now generated, transmitted, received, and stored electronically

through computer networks on a scale unprecedented in history. There is every indi
cation that the explosive rate of growth in this field will continue.

Computer engineering is a general field. It deals with both the electric and elec
tronic industries.

Electronic engineering deals with the research, design, integration, and applica

tion of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information.

Engineers in electric and electronic engineering are concerned with all aspects

of electrical communications, from fundamental questions such as ‘What is infor
mation?’ to the efficient, such as the design of telephone systems. In designing com
munication systems, engineers rely on various advanced mathematics branches, such

as Fourier analysis, linear systems theory, linear algebra, differential equations, and

probability theory.

Engineers work on control systems that are used extensively in automated

manufacturing and robotics.

Significant developments in communications and control have been replacing

analog systems with digital systems; fiber optics are used now instead of copper ca
bles. Digital systems offer far greater immunity to electrical noise. Fiber optics are

likewise immune to interference; they also have excellent carrying capacity and are

extremely light and inexpensive to manufacture.

Computer engineering is now the most rapidly growing field. The electronics

of computers are the design and manufacture of memory systems, central processing 

units, and peripheral devices. The most prospective industry now is the Very Large
Scale Integration (VLSI) and new computer architectures. Computer science is close
ly related to computer engineering; however, the task of making computers more ‘in
telligent’ (artificial intelligence), through the creation of sophisticated programs or

development of higher-level machine languages or other means, is generally regarded

as the dream of computer science.

One current trend in computer engineering is microminiaturization. Engineers

continue to work to fit greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto smaller

and smaller chips.

Another trend is increasing the speed of computer operations through the use

and superconducting materials.

So, as you see, there are a lot of employment opportunities in my field. I don’t

worry about finding a job. The most important thing for me now is to study well and

to graduate from the University.

1.1.4 Find words and phrases from exercise 1.1.1 in text 1.1 and translate 

these sentences into Russian 

1.1.5 Add to your active vocabulary

a) mechanical engineer – инженер-механик; electric engineer – инженер
электрик; electronic engineer – инженер электроник; computer engineer – инже
нер-компьютерщик; military engineer – военный инженер;

b) prestigious job (work) – престижная работа

well-paid job – высокооплачиваемая работа

employee – наемный рабочий

employer – наймодатель

businessman – предприниматель, бизнесмен

state-employed – государственный служащий

white-collar worker – «белый воротничок», работник умственного труда

blue-collar worker – «синий воротничок», работник физического труда

skilled worker – квалифицированный рабочий

unskilled worker – неквалифицированный рабочий

experienced worker – опытный работник

to be hired for a job – быть нанятым на выполнение работы

to look for a new job (work, position) – искать новую работу

to apply for a new job – претендовать на какую-либо должность

application for a position of – заявление на какую-либо должность

resume – резюме

C.V. (curriculum vitae) – автобиография

to be fired – быть уволенным

to retire – уходить на пенсию

to be unemployed – быть безработным

1.1.6 Translate into English

1 Родители купили мне компьютер, когда я училась(ся) в десятом классе.

2 Никакой современный бизнес невозможен без компьютерной техники.

3 Компьютерная индустрия – наиболее быстро развивающееся производ
ство.

4 Компьютерное управление автоматизированными производственными

линиями открывает новые горизонты дешевого и качественного производства

товаров.

5 Крупным достижением в сфере коммуникации является замена анало
говых систем на цифровые.

6 В настоящее время оптоволоконные цифровые технологии обеспечи
вают более качественную и доступную связь, чем аналоговые системы.

1.1.7 How do you see your future profession? Answer the following questions:

1 What kind of work are you interested in?

a) well paid

b) interesting

c) in a large and famous company

d) quiet

e) in an industry that has a future

f) prestigious

g) not to sit the whole day in the office

h) to travel a lot

2 What position would you like to have?

a) to manage people – manager

b) to work for someone else – employee

c) to be your own boss – self-employed, businessman

d) to be responsible for everything – top manager, director

e) to work for the state – state employee

1.1.8 Ask your groupmates the questions from text 1.1 

1.1.9 Review text 1.2 to understand what it is all about. Find the main topics of 

the paragraphs and give each a suitable title

1.1.10 Discuss with your group the advantages and disadvantages of your fu

ture profession. Do you think the engineering profession is prestigious? Is it paid 

well? How difficult is it to find a good job in this field?

Text 1.2 The future of the engineering profession

Among various recent trends in engineering, profession computerization is the

most widespread. The trend in modern engineering offices is also towards com
puterization. Computers are increasingly used for solving complex problems as well

as for handling, storing, and generating the enormous volume of data modern en
gineers must work with.

Scientific methods of engineering are applied in several fields not connected

directly to manufacture and construction. Modern engineering is characterized by the

broad application of what is known as systems engineering principles.

Engineers in the industry work with machines and people to determine, for ex
ample, how devices can be operated most efficiently by workers. A small change in

the location of the controls of a machine or its position with relation to other ma
chines or equipment, or a change in the operator’s muscular movements, often results

in significantly increased production. This type of engineering work is called time
study engineering.

A related field of engineering, human-factors engineering, also known as ergo
nomics, received wide attention in the late 1970s and 1980s when the safety of nu
clear reactors was questioned following severe accidents that were caused by operator

errors, design failures, and malfunctioning equipment.

Human-factors engineering seeks to establish criteria for the efficient, human
centered design of, among other things, the large, complicated control panels that

monitor and govern nuclear reactor operations.

1.2.1 General understanding. Answer the questions

1 What is the most widespread trend in the engineering profession?

2 What are computers used for in modern engineering?

3 What approaches are used in modern engineering?

4 What is ‘ergonomics?’

5 What does human-factors engineering deal with?

1.3.1 Skim Text 1.3 and say

a) which paragraph refers to the specifics of mechanical engineering at the end 

of the 20th century;

b) in which paragraphs it is said about the role of the engineer and his main 

functions;

c) what paragraphs refer to the engineer’s activities: in the laboratory, in pro
duction, in the design office.

Text 1.3 Mechanical engineers

The engineer typifies the twentieth century. He is making a vast contribution to

design, engineering, and promotion. In the organization and direction of large-scale

enterprises, we need his analytical frame of mind. We need his imagination.

He is either designing the product itself or inventing new products or testing

the product, its components, and the materials in it, or analyzing its performance and

making a mathematical analysis.

He may be engaged in the development of the new product, making drawings

and specifications.

He may be concerning himself with developing a new production process or 

adapting a current approach to a new product.

He may be utilizing his engineering know-how in determining the best pro
cesses and equipment for the mass production of high-quality products.

He may be the project engineer in charge of designing and installing a highly

automatic conveyer system for handling different kinds of parts between various as
sembly stations.

He may be working on designing and developing tools, dies, jigs, assembly fix
tures, and welding fixtures to produce an automotive body.

In the 20th century, the engineer had at his command many new sources of