English for students of mathematics and information technology
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Тематика:
Английский язык
Издательство:
Оренбургский государственный университет
Год издания: 2021
Кол-во страниц: 150
Дополнительно
Вид издания:
Учебное пособие
Уровень образования:
Профессиональное образование
ISBN: 978-5-7410-2660-1
Артикул: 839105.01.99
Учебное пособие состоит из 10 разделов, в которых представлены аутентичные тексты в сфере IT технологий и математики на английском языке, грамматический и лексический справочный материал, направленный на развитие аналитических, переводческих и коммуникативных умений студентов в области высоких технологий. Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов 2 курса по направлению подготовки 02.03.01 Математика и компьютерные науки, 09.03.01 Информатика и вычислительная техника, 01.03.02 Прикладная математика и информатика, 10.05.01 Компьютерная безопасность, 02.03.02 Фундаментальная информатика и информационные технологии.
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ОКСО:
- ВО - Бакалавриат
- 01.03.02: Прикладная математика и информатика
- 02.03.01: Математика и компьютерные науки
- 09.03.01: Информатика и вычислительная техника
- ВО - Специалитет
- 10.05.01: Компьютерная безопасность
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Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Оренбургский государственный университет» Е.В. Дмитриева, Н.С. Сахарова ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS OF MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Учебное пособие Рекомендовано ученым советом федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Оренбургский государственный университет» для обучающихся по образовательным программам высшего образования по направлениям подготовки 02.03.01 Математика и компьютерные науки, 09.03.01 Информатика и вычислительная техника, 01.03.02 Прикладная математика и информатика, 10.05.01 Компьютерная безопасность, 02.03.02 Фундаментальная информатика и информационные технологии Оренбург 2021
УДК 81.111 : 61(075.8).773.3 (076.5) ББК 81.432.1я73+58я 73 32.973.202я73 Д 53 Рецензент – профессор, доктор педагогических наук В. В. Мороз Д 53 Дмитриева, Е.В. English for students of mathematics and information technology [Электронный ресурс] : учебное пособие для обучающихся по образовательным программам высшего образования по направлениям подготовки 02.03.01 Математика и компьютерные науки, 09.03.01 Информатика и вычислительная техника, 01.03.02 Прикладная математика и информатика, 10.05.01 Компьютерная безопасность, 02.03.02 Фундаментальная информатика и информационные технологии / Е. В. Дмитриева, Н. С. Сахарова; М-во науки и высш. образования Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. образоват. учреждение высш. образования "Оренбург. гос. ун-т". - Оренбург : ОГУ. - 2021. - 150 с- Загл. с тит. экрана. ISBN 978-5-7410-2660-1 Учебное пособие состоит из 10 разделов, в которых представлены аутентичные тексты в сфере IT технологий и математики на английском языке, грамматический и лексический справочный материал, направленный на развитие аналитических, переводческих и коммуникативных умений студентов в области высоких технологий. Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов 2 курса по направлению подготовки 02.03.01 Математика и компьютерные науки, 09.03.01 Информатика и вычислительная техника, 01.03.02 Прикладная математика и информатика, 10.05.01 Компьютерная безопасность, 02.03.02 Фундаментальная информатика и информационные технологии. УДК 81.111 : 61(075.8).773.3 (076.5) ББК 81.432.1я73+58я 73 32.973.202я73 ISBN 978-5-7410-2660-1 Дмитриева Е.В., Сахарова Н.С.,2021 ОГУ, 2021
Содержание Введение ............................................................................................................................... 4 1 Unit 1 University Training ................................................................................................. 5 2 Unit 2 Mathematics .......................................................................................................... 10 3 Unit 3 Fields of Mathematics ........................................................................................... 24 4 Unit 4 Theories of Mathematics ....................................................................................... 40 5 Unit 5 Combinatorics ....................................................................................................... 59 6 Unit 6 Prominent Scientists .............................................................................................. 69 7 Unit 7 Computational Science ........................................................................................ 110 8 Unit 8 New Media .......................................................................................................... 119 9 Unit 9. Computers architecture ...................................................................................... 128 10 Unit 10. Modern Portable Computers and their applications ....................................... 132 Список использованных источников ............................................................................ 150
Введение Данное учебное пособие составлено в рамках ООП по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» и предназначено для обучения студентов чтению, пониманию, прямому и обратному переводу оригинальных текстов в сфере математики и информационных технологий на английском языке. Текстовый материал пособия направлен на развитие аналитических, переводческих и коммуникативных умений студентов в IT-технологий. Целью пособия является развитие профессионально-ориентированной иноязычной компетентности студентов 1 и 2 курсов, по направлениям подготовки 02.03.01 Математика и компьютерные науки, 09.03.01 Информатика и вычислительная техника, 01.03.01 Математика, 01.03.02 Прикладная математика и информатика (бакалавриат). Пособие состоит из десяти разделов, каждый из которых включает аутентичные тексты на английском языке, послетекстовые задания и список слов к разделу, разделы 4-6 предназначены для контроля сформировавшихся компетенций по результатам освоения дисциплины во 2 и 3 семестрах. Практическая ценность пособия заключается в наличии аутентичного материала, системы разнообразных упражнений на развитие аналитических, и коммуникативных умений, а также навыков прямого и обратного перевода текстов по специальности с использованием профессиональной терминологии как в аудитории под контролем преподавателя, так и самостоятельно. Материалы пособия направлены не только на расширение лингвистических, но и профессионально ориентированных знаний средствами английского языка в процессе выполнения коммуникативных заданий.
1 Unit 1 University Training 1.1 The Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technologies 1.1.1 Read and translate text A: The faculty of mathematics was set up at the Orenburg State University in 2005. In 2015 it was reorganized into the faculty of the Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technologies. It offers a four or five-years training on the following programs: "Applied mathematics and informatics", "Mathematics and Computer sciences", "Computer security", "Computer science and computer engineering", "Information security", "Mathematics", "Fundamental informatics" and others. The training at the faculty is aimed at providing students with fundamental scientific knowledge as well as practical skills, research abilities and critical-thinking. The academic curricula imply studying fundamental mathematics and advanced information technologies during the first two years. Students are supposed to master such humanitarian subjects like history, philosophy, psychology, foreign language (English). They help students to form their world outlook and improve their general knowledge and culture. Senior students major in various specialized courses and study several programming languages, system analysis, informatics, and economics. A considerable part of academic time of the whole course of instruction is spent on various computer systems and fundamentals of mathematics. Students can learn, apply and examine different programming languages. They are also concerned with controlling and managing the software development process. In addition to humanitarian and special subjects they also study computer graphics, network design or the Internet. Students have up-to-date laboratories, computer classrooms with Internet access at their disposal. Students can get optional courses such as “Translator in the sphere of professional communication” and “Web-designer”. Students attend lectures, practical classes, tutorials and do laboratory works. At the end of each term students take examinations, tests and write course papers. The highly qualified teachers and lectures are in the university staff.
The graduates of the mathematics and information technologies faculty are in great demand in the Orenburg region economy. Profound knowledge and skills let them take high-paid positions in various branches of industry. They can work as а computer software designer, network manager, Internet programmer, software engineer, system analyst, database developer, information systems manager. The university graduates can take Bachelor's, Master's degree and attend post graduate course. 1.1.2 Memorize vocabulary to the text: purpose – цель; academic curriculum – учебная программа; world outlook – мировоззрение; senior students – студенты старших курсов; wide range – широкий выбор; considerable part – значительная часть; access – доступ; post-graduate course – аспирантура; research work – научно-исследовательская работа; issue – вопрос, проблема; software – программное обеспечение; assessment – оценка работы; on completion – по окончании; up-to-date – современный; to achieve – достичь; to improve – усовершенствовать; to master (syn.to acquire) – овладеть, приобрести; to provide – обеспечить; to be in great demand – пользоваться большим спросом; to deal with – иметь дело с ...; to be inclined for – иметь склонность к ...;
to vary – различаться, варьировать. 1.1.3 Translate the following groups of words. Mind the difference in meaning and pronunciation, consult the dictionary if necessary: mathematics (maths) – mathematical – mathematician; to apply – application – applicable; to specialize – special – speciality – specialized – specialist; to inform - information – informative – informatics; to practice – practice – practical – unpractical – practically; technology – technological – technique – technician – high-tech; economy – economic – economics – economical – economically; to compute – computer – computing – computation; to add – addition – additional – additionally; to act – action – active – activity – to activate; to develop – development – underdeveloped – developer; to analyze – analysis – analyst – analytical. 1.1.4 Find in the Text A English equivalents for the following Russian phrases: был реорганизован, был основан, факультет математики и информационных технологий, направлены на, основы научных знаний, критическое мышление, исследовательские навыки, учебные программы, овладевать (осваивать), формировать мировоззрение, общий уровень культуры и знаний, управлять процессом разработки ПО, в дополнение к, современные лаборатории, в распоряжении, факультативные курсы, консультации, быть востребованным, заниматься в аспирантуре, отрасли промышленности, высокооплачиваемая работа (должность).
1.2 My Speciality (Informatics) 1.2.1 Read and translate text B: Computer Literacy Informed citizens of our information-dependent society should be computer literate, which means that they are able to use computers as everyday problem-solving devices and aware of the potential of computers to influence the quality of life. There was a time when only privileged people had an opportunity to learn the basics, called the three R's: reading, writing, and arithmetics. Now, as we are quickly becoming an information-becoming society, it is time to restate this right as the right to learn reading, writing and computing. There is little doubt that computers and their many applications are among the most significant technical achievements of the century. They bring with them both economic and social changes. "Computing" is a concept that embraces not only the old third R, arithmetics, but also a new idea – computer literacy. In an information society a person who is computer-literate need not be an expert on the design of computers. He needn't even know much about how to prepare programs which are the instructions that direct the operations of computers. All of us are already on the way to becoming computer-literate. Just think of your everyday life. If you receive a subscription magazine in the post-office, it is probably addressed to you by a computer. If you buy something with a bank credit card or pay a bill by check, computers help you process the information. When you check out at the counter of your store, a computer assists the checkout clerk and the store manager. When you visit your doctor, your schedules and bills and special services, such as laboratory tests, are prepared by computer. Many actions that you have taken or observed have much in common. Each relates to some aspect of a data processing system. 1.2.2 Find in the Text A English equivalents for the following Russian phrases: следует; компьютерная грамотность; устройство, обеспечивающее решение задач; информационное общество; пересмотреть, переосмыслить; вычисление,
работа на компьютере; журнал по подписке; обрабатывать; система обработки данных. 1.2.3 Answer the questions: 1 What does the computer literacy mean? 2 What are the three R's? 3 What are the most significant technical achievements of the century? 4 What is "Computing"? 5 What is program? 6 Where can the computers be used? 1.2.4 Fill in the gaps: I'm a _________ at the _______. It was _________ at the Orenburg State University in 2005. In 2015 it was reorganized into the faculty of ________. It trains students on the following programs: ____________. My specialty is __________. The training is aimed at providing students with _________as well as __________. The academic curricula imply studying __________during the first two years. Students are supposed to master such humanitarian subjects like ________. They help students to form their world outlook and improve their general knowledge and culture. Senior students major in various specialized courses ________. A considerable part of academic time of the whole course of instruction is spent on _________. Students can learn, apply and examine different programming languages: ________. They are also concerned with controlling and managing the software development process. In addition to humanitarian and special subjects they also study __________. Students have ______________at their disposal. Students can get optional courses such as ____________. Students attend ________ and do _________. At the end of each term students take ________, ________ and write _______. The highly-qualified teachers and lectures are in the university staff . The graduates of the mathematics and information technologies faculty are _________ in the Orenburg region economy. Profound knowledge and skills let them take
high-paid positions in various branches of industry. They can work as _________________. The university graduates can take _________ degree and attend _________. 1.2.5 Speak on the topic "My Speciality". 2 Unit 2 Mathematics 2.1 Mathematics 2.1.1 Read and translate text A: Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, “knowledge, study, learning”) is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers),structure, space, and change. There is a range of views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics. Mathematicians seek out patterns and use them to formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proof. When mathematical structures are good models of real phenomena, then mathematical reasoning can provide insight or predictions about nature. Through the use of abstraction and logic, mathematics developed from counting, calculation, measurement, and the systematic study of the shapes and motions of physical objects. Practical mathematics has been a human activity for as far back as written records exist. The research required to solve mathematical problems can take years or even centuries of sustained inquiry. Rigorous arguments first appeared in Greek mathematics, most notably in Euclid's Elements (Fig.1). Since the pioneering work of Giuseppe Peano (1858-1932), David Hilbert (1862-1943), and others on axiomatic systems in the late 19th century, it has become customary to view mathematical research as establishing truth by rigorous deduction from appropriately chosen axioms and definitions. Mathematics developed at a relatively slow pace until the Renaissance, when mathematical innovations interacting
with new scientific discoveries led to a rapid increase in the rate of mathematical discovery that has continued to the present day. Figure 1 – Euclid (holding calipers), Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) said, "The universe cannot be read until we have learned the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It is written in mathematical language, and the letters are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without which means it is humanly impossible to comprehend a single word. Without these, one is wandering about in a dark labyrinth." Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) referred to mathematics as "the Queen of the Sciences". Benjamin Peirce (1809-1880) called mathematics "the science that draws necessary conclusions". David Hilbert said of mathematics: "We are not speaking here of arbitrariness in any sense. Mathematics is not like a game whose tasks are determined by arbitrarily stipulated rules. Rather, it is a conceptual system possessing internal necessity that can only be so and by no means otherwise." Albert Einstein (1879-1955) stated that "as far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality." Mathematics is essential in many fields, including natural science, engineering, medicine, finance and the social sciences. Applied mathematics has led to entirely new mathematical disciplines, such as statistics and game theory. Mathematicians also engage