Синтаксис английского языка в таблицах

 
Министерство просвещения Российской Федерации 
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение 
высшего образования 
«Липецкий государственный педагогический университет 
имени П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского» 
 
Кафедра лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Н.В. Орлова, И.С. Николаенко, В.А. Жукатинская 
 
ENGLISH SYNTAX IN TABLES  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Учебное пособие 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Липецк – 2020 
 
 

 
Министерство просвещения Российской Федерации 
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение 
высшего образования 
«Липецкий государственный педагогический университет 
имени П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского» 
 
 
Кафедра лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Н.В. Орлова, И.С. Николаенко, В.А. Жукатинская 
 
СИНТАКСИС АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В ТАБЛИЦАХ 
 
 
 
Учебное пособие 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Липецк – 2020 
 
 

 
УДК 811.111 
 
 
 
 
 
Рекомендовано к печати 
ББК 81.432.1я73-3 
 
 
 
 
кафедрой лингвистики и 
О 66 
 
 
 
 
 
межкультурной коммуникации 
Протокол № 1 от 31.08.2020 г. 
 
Орлова, Н.В.  Синтаксис английского языка в таблицах: учебное пособие /  
Н.В. Орлова, И.С. Николаенко, В.А. Жукатинская. – Липецк: ЛГПУ имени  
П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского, 2020. – 87 с. 
 
ISBN 978-5-907335-13-4 
 
Пособие содержит таблицы по различным типам предложений, 
разработанный к ним банк упражнений и отрывки художественной прозы для 
анализа и перевода. Оно обеспечивает развитие грамматических умений и 
формирует систему знаний по синтаксису английского языка.  Пособие 
предназначено для студентов 4-го курса, изучающих английский язык как 
первый иностранный, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки 41.03.01 
«Зарубежное регионоведение» (Регионоведение по странам Западной Европы), 
45.03.02 «Лингвистика» (Перевод и переводоведение), 45.03.02 «Лингвистика» 
(Теория и методика преподавания иностранных языков и культур). 
Рекомендовано для слушателей программ дополнительного профессионального 
образования соответствующего направления подготовки. 
 
УДК 811.111 
ББК 81.432.1я73-3 
О 66 
Рецензенты:  
О.В. Кашкарова, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков 
ФГБОУ ВО ЛГТУ 
С.В. Зелепукина, канд. пед. наук,  директор по развитию НОУ ДО «Вектор 
успеха» 
 
 
ISBN 978-5-907335-13-4 
 
© ФГБОУ ВО «Липецкий государственный 
педагогический университет имени  
П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского», 2020 
© Н.В. Орлова, 2020 
© И.С. Николаенко, 2020 
© В.А. Жукатинская, 2020 
 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 
Part I: The Simple Sentence ................................................................................ 4 
The Simple Sentence ........................................................................................... 5 
The Principal Parts Of The Sentence .................................................................. 13 
The Subject ....................................................................................................... 13 
“It” As The Subject Of The Sentence .................................................................. 14 
The Predicate .................................................................................................... 17 
The Predicative.................................................................................................. 18 
Agreement Of The Predicate And The Subject .................................................... 22 
The Secondary Parts Of The Sentence ............................................................... 26 
The Object ........................................................................................................ 26 
The Attribute .................................................................................................... 32 
Apposition......................................................................................................... 33 
The Adverbial Modifier ...................................................................................... 37 
Detached (Loose) Parts Of The Sentence ............................................................ 39 
Independent Elements Of The Sentence ............................................................ 41 
Sentences With Homogeneous Parts .................................................................. 43 
Part II: The Composite Sentence ........................................................................ 46 
Subject Clauses ................................................................................................ 52 
Predicative Clauses ........................................................................................... 54 
Object Clauses .................................................................................................. 56 
Attributive Clauses ........................................................................................... 60 
Adverbial Clauses ............................................................................................. 66 
The Sequence Of Tenses .................................................................................... 70 
Indirect Speech ................................................................................................. 73 
Part III: Sample Sentences For The Analysis ...................................................... 77 
Syntactical Analysis Of A Sentence.................................................................... 81 
Список используемой литературы и источников: ........................................... 83 
 
 
 
 

 
PART I 
 
THE SIMPLE SENTENCE 
 
 
 
 

THE SIMPLE SENTENCE 
 
The sentence is a unit of speech whose grammatical structure conforms to the laws of the language and which serves are the chief means of 
conveying a thought. It is not only a means of communicating something about reality but also a means of showing the speaker’s attitude to it. 
The classification of simple sentences is based on two principles: 
1. 
According to the purpose of the utterance: 
 
Kinds of 
sentences 
Characteristic features 
Word order 
Intonation 
Examples 
NB! 
Declarative 
states a fact in the affirmative or 
negative form 
The subject precedes the 
predicate 
falling 
No place in Europe was better 
suited for formal mass revelry. 
In English the predicate in a 
sentence can have only one 
negation. 
Interrogative 
 
- 
general 
 
 
 
- 
special 
 
 
 
 
- 
alternative 
 
 
 
- 
disjunctive 
Ask a question 
Inversion takes place 
 
Requires the answer «yes» or 
«no» 
The part of the predicate (the 
auxiliary or modal verb or the 
verbs to be or to have) is 
placed before subject. 
rising 
Do you like art? 
Don’t you like the classical 
music? 
 
Sometimes such questions have a 
negative 
form 
and 
express 
astonishment or doubt (разве, 
неужели) 
Begins with interrogative words 
The 
same 
as 
in 
general 
questions but the interrogative 
word precedes the auxiliary 
verbs. 
falling 
Where are you going? 
Who 
watched 
this 
film 
yesterday? 
When the interrogative word is 
the subject of the interrogative 
sentence or an attribute to the 
subject the word order is direct, 
no inversion takes place. 
Indicates choice 
The 
same 
as 
in 
general 
questions but the alternative 
words stays near the word to 
which it is given. 
Rising (in the 
first part) and 
falling (in the 
second part) 
Do you like tea or coffee? 
 
Requires the answer «yes» or 
«no»; consists of the statement 
and a tag to it. 
The statement is what it is and in 
the tag auxiliary verb precedes the 
subject expressed by a personal 
pronoun. 
Falling (in the 
first part) and 
rising (in the 
second part) 
Ann misses her English lessons 
every Monday, doesn’t she? 
If the statement is affirmative, 
then the tag will be in the 
negative and vice versa. 
Imperative 
Serves to induce a person to do 
something, it expresses: 
 
a command 
 
a request 
 
an invitation etc. 
Begins 
with 
a 
verb 
in 
imperative mood. 
 
falling 
rising 
 
Come to me! 
Open the door, please! 
 
Exclamatory 
Expresses some kind of emotion 
feeling 
Often begins with the words 
what and how. No inversion 
takes place. 
falling 
What a lovely day it is. 
How beautiful. 
 

According to the structure: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
two - member 
one - member 
Has two members – a subject and a predicate. If one of them 
is missing it can be easily understood from the context. 
 
e.g. He looked for another place to go. 
Has only one member which is neither the subject nor the 
predicate but makes the sense complete. Generally used 
in descriptions and emotional speech. 
e.g. Freedom! 
incomplete/elliptical 
complete 
One of the principal parts or 
both of them are missing, but 
can be easily understood from 
the context. Mostly used in 
colloquial 
speech, 
esp. 
in 
dialogue. 
 
e.g. Where were you yesterday? 
– At the cinema. 
Has a subject and a predicate. 
 
 
 
e.g. Young John couldn’t help 
smiling. 
nominal 
«infinitive» 
Expressed by a noun and may 
be modified by attributes. 
 
 
e.g. The doll point and the life 
slowly dripping out of him. 
Expressed by an infinitive. 
 
 
 
E.g. To die out there - lonely. 
Extended 
Unextended 
Consists of the subject, predicate and one or more 
secondary parts. 
e.g. After all she is the only one whom I have. 
Consists only of the principle parts of the sentence 
e.g. She is a student. 

Exercise 1  Do the crossword puzzle below. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
 
 
 
6. 
 
 
7. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Across: 
Down: 
3 
5 
7 
 
9 
10 
11 
Kind of a question  
Sth. that the imperative sentence expresses 
The type of a sentence according to its 
structure 
The part of a disjunctive sentence 
Kind of a sentence 
The thing that alternative question indicates 
1 
2 
 
4 
6 
8 
 
Kind of an interrogative sentence 
The intonation the special questions are 
pronounced with 
Kind of a two-member sentence 
A unit of speech 
Kind of a sentence according to its structure 
 
 
Exercise 2 Define the types of sentences according to the purpose of the utterance. 
Laura was terribly nervous. Tossing the velvet ribbon over her shoulder, she said to a 
woman standing by, "Is this Mrs. Scott's house?" and the woman, smiling queerly, said, "It 
is, my lass." Oh, to be away from this! She actually said, "Help me God!" as she walked up 
the tiny path and knocked. To be away from these staring eyes, or to be covered up in 
anything, one of those women's shawls even! I'll just leave the basket and go, she decided. I 
shan't even wait for it to be emptied. 
Then the door opened. A little woman in black showed in the gloom. 
Laura said, "Are you Mrs. Scott?" But to her horror the woman answered, "Walk in, 
please, miss," arid she was shut in the passage. "No," said Laura, "I don't want to come in. I 
only want to leave this basket." 
The little woman in the gloomy passage seemed not to hear her. "Step this way, please, 
miss," she said in an oily voice, and Laura followed her. (Mansfield)