Английская грамматика и лексика в фокусе
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Новинка
Тематика:
Английский язык
Издательство:
ЛГПУ имени П. П. Семёнова-Тян-Шанского
Автор:
Орлова Наталья Владимировна
Год издания: 2020
Кол-во страниц: 227
Возрастное ограничение: 16+
Дополнительно
Вид издания:
Учебное пособие
Уровень образования:
ВО - Бакалавриат
ISBN: 978-5-907335-52-3
Артикул: 835312.01.99
Данное пособие предназначено для совершенствования навыков и развития грамматических и лексических умений студентов старших курсов специального факультета, изучающих английский язык как первый иностранный. Пособие охватывает всю программу практического курса грамматики английского языка (морфология), а также содержит значительный блок лексического материала по основным темам обсуждения. Введение в теоретические проблемы курса осуществляется на фоне обобщающего описания основ грамматического и лексического строя английского языка. Каждый раздел включает грамматические и лексические таблицы, вопросы и упражнения, контролирующие и углубляющие понимание фактов языка. В данном пособии также представлены упражнения, направленные на развитие профессиональных и творческих способностей студентов.
Пособие предназначено для студентов 4-го курса, изучающих английский язык как первый иностранный, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки 41.03.01 «Зарубежное регионоведение» (Регионоведение по странам Западной Европы), 45.03.02 «Лингвистика» (Перевод и переводоведение), 45.03.02 «Лингвистика» (Теория и методика преподавания иностранных языков и культур).
Пособие также рекомендовано для слушателей программ дополнительного профессионального образования, соответствующего направления подготовки.
Тематика:
ББК:
УДК:
ОКСО:
- ВО - Бакалавриат
- 41.03.01: Зарубежное регионоведение
- 45.03.02: Лингвистика
ГРНТИ:
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Министерство просвещения Российской Федерации Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Липецкий государственный педагогический университет имени П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского» Кафедра лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации Н.В. Орлова FOCUS ON ENGLISH GRAMAR & VOCABULARY Учебное пособие Липецк – 2020
Министерство просвещения Российской Федерации Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Липецкий государственный педагогический университет имени П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского» Кафедра лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации Н.В. Орлова АНГЛИЙСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА В ФОКУСЕ Учебное пособие Липецк – 2020
УДК 811.111 ББК 81.432.1-923 О 66 Рекомендовано к печати кафедрой лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации Протокол № 4 от 23.11.2020 г. Орлова, Н.В. Английская грамматика и лексика в фокусе: учебное пособие / Н.В. Орлова. – Липецк: ЛГПУ имени П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского, 2020. – 227 с. – Текст непосредственный. ISBN 978-5-907335-52-3 Данное пособие предназначено для совершенствования навыков и развития грамматических и лексических умений студентов старших курсов специального факультета, изучающих английский язык как первый иностранный. Пособие охватывает всю программу практического курса грамматики английского языка (морфология), а также содержит значительный блок лексического материала по основным темам обсуждения. Введение в теоретические проблемы курса осуществляется на фоне обобщающего описания основ грамматического и лексического строя английского языка. Каждый раздел включает грамматические и лексические таблицы, вопросы и упражнения, контролирующие и углубляющие понимание фактов языка. В данном пособии также представлены упражнения, направленные на развитие профессиональных и творческих способностей студентов. Пособие предназначено для студентов 4-го курса, изучающих английский язык как первый иностранный, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки 41.03.01 «Зарубежное регионоведение» (Регионоведение по странам Западной Европы), 45.03.02 «Лингвистика» (Перевод и переводоведение), 45.03.02 «Лингвистика» (Теория и методика преподавания иностранных языков и культур). Пособие также рекомендовано для слушателей программ дополнительного профессионального образования, соответствующего направления подготовки. УДК 811.111 ББК 81.432.1-923 О 66 Рецензенты: М.А. Ивлева, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков гуманитарного факультета Новосибирского государственного технического университета О.В. Земцова, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры английского языка ФГБОУ ВО «Липецкий государственный педагогический университет имени П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского» ISBN 978-5-907335-52-3 © ФГБОУ ВО «Липецкий государственный педагогический университет имени П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского», 2020 © Н.В. Орлова, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT 1 ………………………… Grammar 1a Present Simple and Present Continuous 1b Past Simple – Present Perfect – Present Perfect Continuous 1c Past Perfect – Past Continuous – Past Perfect Continuous Vocabulary 1d Education 1e Phrasal Verbs with take 1f Compound Nouns UNIT 2 …………………………… Grammar 2a The Future 2b Time and Condition Clauses with Future Reference 2c Future Continuous and Future Perfect Vocabulary 2d Health and Medicine 2e Phrasal Verbs with get 2f Compound Adjectives Exam Practice 1 UNIT 3 ……………………… Grammar 3a Countable and Uncountable Nouns 3b Articles 3c Determiners (all, each, every, either, several, etc.) 5 5 5 8 11 14 14 17 20 23 23 23 26 29 32 32 36 39 42 47 47 47 51 54 Vocabulary 3d Crime and Punishment 3e Phrasal Verbs with break 3f Suffixes (1) UNIT 4 ……………………………… Grammar 4a The Passive 4b Causative get and have 4c Question Tags Vocabulary 4d The Environment 4e Phrasal Verbs with make/do 4f Confusing Word Pairs (1): make – do Exam Practice 2 UNIT 5 ………………………… Grammar 5a Modal Verbs (1) 5b Modal Verbs (2) 5c Modal Verbs (3) Vocabulary 5d The Arts 5e Phrasal Verbs with bring 5f Suffixes (2) UNIT 6 ……………………..……… Grammar 6a First, Second and Third Conditional 6b I wish and If only 6c Expressions of Time and Preference Vocabulary 6d Jobs and Employment 6e Phrasal Verbs with go 6f Prefixes 58 58 62 65 68 68 68 72 73 76 76 81 82 86 90 90 90 94 97 101 101 104 107 113 113 113 117 120 121 121 124 127
Exam Practice 3 UNIT 7 ………………………… Grammar 7a Reported Speech (1) 7b Reported Speech (2) 7c – ing Forms and Infinitives After Verbs and Prepositions Vocabulary 7d Travel and Tourism 7e Verbs of Speech 7f Prepositional Phrases UNIT 8 ………………………….…. Grammar 8a Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 8b Order of Adjectives 8c Comparisons Vocabulary 8d Food and Restaurants 8e Confusing Word Pairs (2) 8f Confusing Word Pairs (3) Exam Practice 4 133 137 137 137 140 143 148 148 152 156 162 162 162 166 167 170 170 174 175 179 UNIT 9 …………………………….. Grammar 9a Subject-Verb Agreement (1) 9b Subject-Verb Agreement (2) 9c It and There Vocabulary 9d The Media 9e Phrasal Verbs with come 9f Connecting and Linking – Time UNIT 10 …………………………… Grammar 10a Linking Verbs: be, get, appear, seem, become, etc. 10b Determiners and Quantifiers (1): few-a few, little-a little, some-any none, etc. 10c Determiners and Quantifiers (2): many much-most, a lot (of)-lots (of) Vocabulary 10d Shopping 10e Phrasal Verbs with see/run/turn/let/set/put etc. 10f Connecting and Linking – Contrasts Exam Practice 5 Resource Books 183 183 183 186 189 192 192 195 198 201 201 201 204 207 210 210 213 216 219 224
UNIT 1 Grammar 1a Present Simple and Present Continuous 1b Past Simple – Present Perfect – Present Perfect Continuous 1c Past Perfect – Past Continuous – Past Perfect Continuous 1a Present Simple and Present Continuous Present Simple (base form) Present Continuous (present of be + … ing) We use Present Simple: • To describe things that are always true: Nurses look after patients in hospital. • To talk about habits or things that happen on a regular basis: I get up at 7.30 most days. • To talk about a permanent action: My sister lives in Dublin. • To refer to general truths: Water freezes at 0 degrees. • To tell a story or joke: He leaves home in search of adventures… • To describe the states with the verbs agree, assume, believe, belong to, contain, cost, disagree, feel, hate, have, hope, know, like, look, love, own, prefer, realize, regret, resemble, smell, taste: I have a brother. We use Present Continuous: • To refer to temporary situations existing for a period at the present time: He’s studying very hard nowadays. • To talk about changes, developments, and trends: He’s beginning to realize how difficult it is to be an interpreter. • To describe repeated actions or events that are happening at or around the time of speaking: You are talking too loudly. • To express annoying habits with words like always, constantly, forever, or continually: You are continually interrupting me! • To promise something unpleasant with expression never … again: I’ m never seeing him again! • With some state verbs to emphasize that a situation is temporary, for a period of time around the present: I’m just thinking. (= at the moment)
1. Put the verb in the correct form, Present Simple or Present Continuous. 1. Nell is a student, but she ____ (go, not) to school right now because it’s summer. 2. I usually _______ (cook) meals, and my sister _______ (wash) dishes. 3. Martha _______ (dislike) Italian food. 4. “What Peter _______ (do) for a living?” “Oh, he ______ (work) in a bank”. 5. Mike _______ (sit, usually) in the front row during class, but today he _______ (sit) in the last row. 6. I’m tired. I _______ (go) to bed now. Goodnight! 7. He _______ (enjoy) the job and _______ (find) it very amusing, too. 8. Lucy _______ (look) for a place to live. She _______ (stay) with her brother until she finds somewhere. 9. We usually ______ (get up) at about 8.30. Couldn’t you come an hour later? 10. I’m on holiday at the moment and I _______ (work) in a public library, I’m lucky to have this job. I (not, get up) early. 2. Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong. 1. Take your umbrella! It rains 2. Can you phone a bit later? Jill cats and dogs. is having 3. The man in the dark green coat a bath. is looking 4. How much like Lesley Simmons. is it costing 5. I to send a fax to Delhi? hate 6. I big cities. ’m never speaking 7. My uncle to you again! is smoking 8. “I think I’ll stay here after all.” “You 30 cigarettes a day. ’re constantly changing 9. You your mind!” ’re seeing 10. The juice things – there’s nobody at the window. is tasting good. 3. Underline the correct tense, Present Simple or Present Continuous, in the following sentences. 1. I can’t understand why he’s being/is so selfish. He isn’t usually like that.
2. The sea grows/is growing calmer. We can go to the beach in the afternoon. 3. The world changes/is changing rapidly in such spheres as medicine, art and business. 4. I’m remembering/remember that holiday we spent in Canada a few years ago. 5. Jane speaks/is speaking three languages. 6. He never uses/is using his mobile phone if he drives/is driving. 7. You are making/make salad using vegetables, oil or mayonnaise. 8. They are thinking/think of moving to a smaller house. 9. She is always borrowing/always borrows money but she is always paying/always pays me back. 10. I am looking/look for my bag. Where is it? 4. Fill in the gaps with the correct verb. Use the correct form of the Present Simple or Present Continuous. Use each verb once. feel bring talk be stop bear overcome see take spend resist influence buy waste have find PEOPLE WHO CAN’T STOP SHOPPING They … (1) guilty of spending hundreds of dollars in a few minutes. Later, they are ashamed of what they have done and … (2) it difficult … (3) to some people about it. Are they gamblers or slaves to alcohol? No, they … (4) not. They are simply people who cannot … (5) buying things. These people are different from bored housewives or husbands who occasionally … (6) a pair of shoes or a camera on impulse. They are compulsive shoppers and will buy six pairs of shoes or cameras at a time - usually to … (7) their depression. Then they can’t … (8) it if anyone … (9) what they have bought. Such people usually … (10) a credit card everywhere with them and may … (11) several thousand dollars. They are often married to someone who is fairly wealthy – or who, at least, is by no means poor. They … (12) a strong moral sense but it …. not … (13) the way in which they behave. They cannot … (14) the temptation … (15) a sum of money impulsively. No matter how high the price of something is, they will buy it. The strain may cause a lot of damage to their marriage and … (16) misery to their family and friends. It can also have a serious effect on their health.
1b Past Simple – Present Perfect – Present Perfect Continuous Past Simple (past form) Present Perfect (present of have + past participle) We use Past Simple: • To indicate that something happened at a specific time in the past: James left a few hours ago. • For finished actions with time indicators like ago, last: I got up at 7.30 last Monday. We use Present Perfect: • For actions or states in the past which have a connection with the present: I’ve found the book you were looking for. Here it is. • To talk about the actions in the past that have a result now: They’ve arrested the men in connection with the robbery. • To describe repeated actions or events in the past with words like often, rarely, seldom: You have often been to Chile, haven’t you? • For actions with words like already, before, ever, never, recently, lately, still, yet, etc.: Nothing like this has happened before! • With this month/today/this evening etc. when these periods are not finished at the time of speaking: Have you had a holiday this year? (yet)
Present Perfect Continuous (present form of have+ been + -ing) • We use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk about a situation or an activity that started in the past and has been in progress for a period of time now or has just stopped. We use it especially when we mean the duration of the action: She’s been waiting for ages! Your eyes are red – have you been crying? • We use the Present Perfect Continuous when we are talking about how long the action or event has been going on. We often use the Present Perfect Continuous with for and since: I’ve been looking for you for you for the last half hour. ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1. Put the verb in the correct form, Past Simple, Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous. 1. I admit that I _______ (get) older since I last _______ (see) you, but with any luck at all, I _______ (get, also) wiser. 2. Where is Dad? I _______ (wait) for him since 6 p.m. We are going to be late for the concert. 3. Alice promised to come, but she is absent. Something _______ (happen) to her. 4. I’m pleased to say that the team _______ (play) well all season. 5. I’ll go and wash my eyes. I don’t want my husband to see I _______ (cry). 6. It was a funny situation but nobody _______ (laugh). 7. Sue is very tired. She _______ (work) very hard. 8. I don’t smoke any more. I _______ (give up) smoking. 9. I _______ (visit) the Hague since 1995 and I _______ (feel) very safe here. 10. As house prices _______ (rise), people _______ (move) into the countryside.
2. Choose the most appropriate word from below. for since ago already yet still 1. Don’t eat the pears. They aren’t ripe _______ . 2. The number of deaths from lung cancer has been rising _______ 1950. 3. Our family haven’t heard from him _______ five years. 4. Will you _______ love me when I’m old and white? 5. I last met you in Prague three years _______ . 6. Have you made your bed _______ ? 7. We haven’t gone out together _______ about a month. 8. The accident happened two years _______ . 9. I won’t have a tea, thanks. – I’ve had one _______ . 10. He has never sailed again _______ that journey. 3. Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong. 1. There isn’t much more to do, now that we have been solving 2. When the main problem. has Mr. Clark left 3. Do you do much travelling? What countries ? have you visited 4. I ? slept 5. I’ well last night. ve been swimming 6. Chinese craftsmen and I feel exhausted. have invented 7. both paper and printing. Have you had 8. In recent years, Japanese companies a pet when you were young? put 9. The Earth a lot of money into developing computer technology. has been formed 10. I’ about 4,500 million years ago. ve had 11. They the pains for three weeks now. have been asking him to visit them for ages, but he has never had 12. You look sunburnt. the time. Did you sit 13. I in the sun? have started 14. Somebody Spanish classes in December. has been smoking 15. Since Christmas the weather all my cigarettes. The packet is empty. was quite good.