О людях: русско-английский словарь

Л.А.Боровкова 
О ЛЮДЯХ 
Русско-английский словарь 
4-е издание, стереотипное
Москва
Издательство «ФЛИНТА»
2022

УДК 802.0
ББК  81.2
         Б83
Б83 
Боровкова Л.А. 
 О людях: Русско-английский словарь / Л.А. Боровкова. — 
4-е изд., стер. — Москва : ФЛИНТА, 2022. — 336 с. — ISBN 
978-5-89349-610-9. — Текст : электронный.
У каждого человека возникает необходимость охарактеризовать 
другого человека или себя. А если это нужно сделать на английском 
языке? Цель данного словаря – помочь изучающим английский 
пополнить свой словарный запас словами, дающими основные 
характеристики человека. Словарь содержит примеры к каждому слову 
(из англоязычных источников), а также примеры в виде отрывков из 
русской и английской художественной литературы, журнальных статей 
и статей в Интернете.
Для желающих владеть английским хорошо. Он будет полезен 
студентам, преподавателям, переводчикам.
УДК 802.0
ББК  81.2
ISBN 978-5-89349-610-9  
Издательство «ФЛИНТА», 2017

1. ЧЕЛОВЕК
MAN
ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОНЯТИЯ
BASIC WORDS
индивид individual: The society itself is formed by individuals who play
certain roles and by the relationships between them
индивидуум individual: As you become a more motivated individual you
ultimately become a happier and more productive person
лицо individual: The National Institute of Nursing Research seeks research
grant applications that will generate scientific knowledge to improve the
quality of life for individuals who are facing end-of-life issues and for their
families; person: By making photographs of missing persons available, we
seek to aid in the identification and recovery of missing persons
люди people: It’s the most unhappy people who most fear change (Mignon McLaughlin); persons: It’s a service for persons with disabilities
народ people: The Amazon Alliance works to defend the rights, territories,
and environment of indigenous and traditional peoples of the Amazon
Basin; nation: A nation is a society united by delusions about its ancestry
and by a common hatred of its neighbors (Dean Inge)
особь individual: As we become and live more as isolated individuals,
we’re not sure how much we can count on our marriages; creature: Aren’t
you a gorgeous creature? You are magical!

человечество
человечество humanity: The Humanity 3000 program is designed to bring
together some of the world’s most prominent thinkers to assess the current
state of humanity and to identify the most significant factors that may
affect the quality of life of the future people of the Earth; humankind: Is
genetic engineering advantageous for humankind?; mankind: I hope...
that mankind will at length, as they call themselves reasonable creatures,
have reason and sense enough to settle their differences without cutting
throats, for in my opinion there never was a good war, or a bad peace
(Benjamin Franklin)
существо being: We are practical beings, each of us with limited
functions and duties to perform; human being: Man is a male human
being and woman is a female human being; creature: In theory, man is
a creature of reason. Given a problem, he can reach an objective and
logical solution
человек person: Barely four feet tall, she’s the shortest person in her
class; man: If early man suffered from a lack of information, modern
man is tyrannized by an excess of it; human: Without delving into
deep sociological theories of the nature of society, we can consider
human societies as consisting of humans and different relationships
among the humans; human being: How many senses does a human
being have?
персона person: This facility is for very important persons only
смертный mortal: This make-up artist has the power to turn mere mortals
into supermodels
создание creature: He wants you to think he’s some strange creature so
he doesn’t have to be judged as a middle-aged man who sleeps with little
boys; being: This strange being claimed to have formerly been a freemason
who had, through some unusual encounter with destiny, undertook
a remarkable journey into the center of the earth
творение creature: «If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature»
(2 Corinthians 5:17); being: We are beings of Light

индивидуальность
2. ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКАЯ ПРИРОДА
HUMAN NATURE
индивидуальность individuality: My mother was the first person over
whom I asserted what I took falsely to be my individuality, trying to
manage her, exploiting any weakness I saw or imagined; identity: When I
got married I lost my identity
личность personality: Discover your personality type with the help of this
questionnaire and improve self-understanding; identity: In public, I do
not feel liberated enough to share all the parts of my identity
Примечание. В значении «человек» наиболее часто употребляется слово person. Оно нейтрально и не имеет половой принадлежности. Поэтому
во фразах типа «Она хороший человек» лучше использовать именно person.
Слово man чаще всего обозначает человека как представителя своего вида.
За последние десятилетия слово person именно благодаря отсутствию
половой принадлежности получило широкое распространение и вошло
в состав слов, обозначающих занятия и социальную функцию: businessperson, spokesperson, chairperson и т. п.
Слово individual обычно используется для обозначения отдельно взятого человека в противопоставлении большей социальной группе или
отличающегося от других каким-то особым качеством. Слово individual
можно встретить и в нейтральном контексте, не подразумевающем такого противопоставления, т. е. в значении «человек», особенно в официальном, газетном языке (напр., Two individuals were placed under arrest).
Однако такое употребление не одобряется языковедами, считается слишком формальным и претенциозным.
То же справедливо в отношении остальных слов (human being, being,
creature и т. д.). Либо они используются в своем собственном значении в
подходящем для этого случая контексте, либо заменяют слово «человек» и придают речи саркастический, иронический, торжественный и
др. оттенок (напр., «What a wonderful human being you are,» Mr Thompson
told Mr Gates).

Я
 Во фразах «устанавливать / удостоверять ~» используется только
identity: Why do I have to provide proof of my identity? What ID documents
do I have to provide?
натура nature: Later on when he rested in my arms, lost in the safety of
my hold, I considered my sadistic nature
природа nature: Man must be awakened to his true nature; (во фразах
«показать, обнажить, увидеть и т. п. истинную природу) colours:
Now that the mask is off, Kane will show his true colours
по природе / от природы naturally: As a naturally malicious girl,
she inflicted great pain upon others; by nature: He is lazy by nature
нрав disposition: From this early period, he was distinguished for the sweetness
of his disposition, which characterized him through life; temper: Once he
has finally tamed his temper, then you can let him back into your life
сущность essence: I feel my whole self. I know exactly who I really am.
I have reached my very essence; self: Of what use are the laws of grammar
and etiquette, may I ask? They merely aid in the deceit that a man may
better cover his real self among his fellows; (во фразах «показать, обнажить, увидеть и т. п. истинную сущность») colours: The more he
psychotically spews his venom, the more he shows his true colours —
black, like his cold dead heart
темперамент temperament: No child is just like another, and the ways in
which you care for and play with your baby need to be tailored to his
temperament
характер disposition: He had a cheerful disposition; character: The writer
reinforces the strength of Jane’s character by making her plain. By doing
this, she forces us to realize the beauty of her character rather than her
looks; temper: My boyfriend has a really bad temper
черта ~ trait: What trait of character do you most admire in man?;
streak: Dennis is curious about his dad. Sharon shows him photos and
recalls his dad’s good and bad streaks
Я (собственная личность) self: It’s a letter to my younger self

банда
3. СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ОКРУЖЕНИЕ
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
внутреннее я the inner self: This diary reflects my inner self and tells
things which are not supposed to be known
внешнее я the outer self: At this time in my life my outer self and
outer reality seemed more valuable than my inner
кучка bunch: Your staff is obviously made up of a bunch of idiots
общественность public: At last the public is now becoming more aware of
the benefits of the traditional ways of living and keeping well; (группа
банда gang: Cory, one of the leaders of the gang, said that his boys were
just a bunch of fun-loving guys; mob: The Italian «Mob» as we know it
from movies and folklore has mostly died off or gone legitimate
группа group: When you work together in a specific group activity your
relationship with each other needs to become professional. Before this can
be achieved, the group may go through certain stages; bunch: With rifles
and grenades, they stood in bunches, wearing green khakis, desert
camouflage, civilian clothes or a mixture
класс class: The gown is commonly seen on middle class women, but some
upper class women have been shown wearing a version of it as well
высший upper
непривилегированный underpriviledged
низший lower
образованный educated
правящий ruling
привилегированный priviledged
рабочий working
средний middle
компания company: Twenty minutes later, we sat down on a comfortable
sofa, full glasses in hand, in the company of friends; bunch: My brother
and his bunch are basketball fanatics

семья
семья family: Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy
in its own way (Leo Tolstoy)
бабушка grandmother
бабушка и дедушка grandparents
близнецы identical twins
большая семья large / big family
брат brother
внук grandson
внуки grandchildren
внучка granddaughter
двойняшки twins
дедушка grandfather
дети children
ëþäåé, îáúåäèíåííàÿ êàêîé-ëèáî äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ) community: The
scientific community, above any other subgroup of the population, has
become overwhelmingly atheistic
общество society: He who is unable to live in society, or who has no need
because he is sufficient for himself, must be either a beast or a god (Aristotle);
(â çíà÷åíèè ÷ü¸-ëèáî îáùåñòâî) company: The only thing that men
and women have in common, is that they both prefer the company of men
(Oscar Wilde); (÷ü¸-ëèáî îáùåñòâî) society: We have a right to act
upon our unfavourable opinion of any one, not to the oppression of his
individuality, but in the exercise of ours. We are not bound, for example,
to seek his society; we have a right to avoid it, for we have a right to
choose the society most acceptable to us
~ без наркотиков drug free ~
буржуазное bourgeois
высшее high
гражданское civil
гуманное humane
классовое class
приличное polite
низшее lower
равное equal
ученое learned
цивилизованное civilized
человеческое human

сообщество
деверь brother-in-law
дочь daughter
единокровный брат / сестра (ïî îäíîìó ðîäèòåëþ) half brother /
sister
золовка sister-in-law
зять son-in-law
мать mother
мать одиночка single mother
мачеха stepmother
невестка daughter-in-law
неполная ñåìüÿ one parent family
отец одиночка single father
отчим step father
прабабушка great-grandmother
прадедушка great-grandfather
прародители great-grandparents
приемная семья adoptive family
приемный ребенок adopted child
родители parents
родная мать / отец birth mother/father
родственник relation; relative; (áëèæàéøèå) the next of kin; (ñî
ñòîðîíû æåíû èëè ìóæà) in-laws
свёкр father-in-law
свекровь mother-in-law
сводный брат/сестра step brother / sister
сестра sister
супруг / ~a spouse
сын son
тесть father-in-law
теща mother-in-law
тройняшки triplets
шурин brother-in-law
шайка ring: The ring trafficked drugs as far south as Georgia and Louisiana
сообщество community: The only way that a film community outside of Los
Angeles could ever viably survive as a community — not just as a bunch of
unrelated individuals making movies — is if it really strives to do amazing work
толпа crowd: «Two’s company, three’s a crowd!»; mob: Beware of angry mob