Технический английский язык для студентов авиационных специальностей: English for Aircraft Engineering

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации 

НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ 

 
 
 
 
 
Р.А.ЧЕСНОКОВА, М.Е. ДРУКАРОВ,  
А.С. ЗОЛОТИЛИНА 
 
 
 
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК  
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ  
АВИАЦИОННЫХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ 
 
ENGLISH  
FOR AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING 
 
 
 
Утверждено  
Редакционно-издательским советом университета 
в качестве учебного пособия 
 
 
 
 
 
 
НОВОСИБИРСК 
2020 

ББК 81.432.1-923 

  Ч-512 
 

 

Рецензенты: 

канд. филол. наук И.В. Лисица 
канд. филол. наук Н.Н. Ульянова 

 
 
 

Чеснокова Р.А. 

Ч-512  
Технический английский язык для студентов авиационных 

специальностей: English for Aircraft Engineering: учебное пособие / 
Р.А. Чеснокова, М.Е. Друкаров, А.С. Золотилина. – Новосибирск: Изд-во НГТУ, 2020. – 80 с. 

 
 
ISBN 978-5-7782-4118-3 

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов II курса технических специальностей, изучающих английский язык и обучающихся по 
программам: «Экологическая безопасность», «Автономные системы 
управления действием средств поражения», «Боеприпасы и взрыватели», «Системы жизнеобеспечения и оборудование летательных 
аппаратов», «Техническое обслуживание летательных аппаратов и 
двигателей», «Управление в технических системах». 
Пособие направлено на развитие навыков работы с текстом по 
специальности на английском языке. Учебное пособие включает разделы, содержащие тексты по указанным направлениям подготовки,  
обширный лексико-грамматический материал, упражнения, направленные на развитие навыков и умений работы с профессионально 
ориентированными текстами.  
Пособие рекомендуется использовать как для практических занятий, так и самостоятельной работы студентов-бакалавров, студентовспециалистов всех форм обучения. 
 
ББК 81.432.1-923 
 
ISBN 978-5-7782-4118-3 
 Чеснокова Р.А., Друкаров М.Е.,  
 
     Золотилина А.С., 2020 
 
 Новосибирский государственный  
 
    технический университет, 2020 

CONTENTS 

 

MODULE I. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ............................................................ 5 

Unit 1.1. Ecology and Nature Management ......................................................... 5 
Unit 1.2. Environmental Problems ....................................................................... 9 
Unit 1.3. Global Warming .................................................................................. 12 

MODULE II. AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING  

THE ACTION OF MEANS OF DESTRUCTION ........................... 16 

Unit 2.1. Lethal Autonomous Weapons ............................................................. 16 
Unit 2.2. Defensive vs. Offensive Autonomous Weapons ................................. 20 
Unit 2.3. Military Robots ................................................................................... 23 

Module III. AMMUNITION ................................................................................... 27 

Unit 3.1. Chemical Weapons .............................................................................. 27 
Unit 3.2. Molotov Cocktail ................................................................................ 31 
Unit 3.3. Flamethrower ...................................................................................... 34 

MODULE IV. LIFE-SUPPORT SUSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT  

OF AIRCRAFT ................................................................................. 38 

Unit 4.1. Environmental Control ........................................................................ 38 
Unit 4.2. Aircraft Hydraulic Systems ................................................................. 43 
Unit 4.3. New Technologies in Aircraft Engineering: Ejection Seats, 

Stealth Technology ............................................................................. 46 

MODULE V. TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE OF AIRCRAFT  

AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES............................................................ 51 

Unit 5.1. Technical Maintenance of Aircraft and Aircraft Engines .................... 51 
Unit 5.2. Importance of Aircraft Maintenance ................................................... 55 
Unit 5.3. Types of Turbine Engines ................................................................... 58 

MODULE VI. AUTONOMOUS INFORMATION AND CONTROL 

SUSTEMS, AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT ............... 65 

Unit 6.1. Management in technical systems ....................................................... 65 
Unit 6.2. Artificial Intelligence Flight Advisor .................................................. 69 
Unit 6.3. Automatic Control Systems of Aircrafts ............................................. 72 

Answers to the exercises .......................................................................................... 77 

References ................................................................................................................ 79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

MODULE I 

ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 

 
Unit 1.1. Ecology and Nature Management 

1.1.1. Study the new vocabulary. 

environment 
global warming 
ozone layer 
pollution 
industrial wastes 
to maintain 
acid rains 
exhaust fumes 
emission 
local authorities 
nuclear 
to discharge 
leak 
shipping platform 
to establish 
heritage 
offence 
disposal 
litter 
designated 
fine 

окружающая среда 
глобальное потепление 
озоновый слой 
загрязнение 
отходы промышленности 
поддерживать, осуществлять 
кислотные осадки 
выхлопные газы 
выброс, излучение 
местные власти 
ядерный 
сливать, сбрасывать 
утечка 
грузовая транспортная платформа 
учредить, создать 
наследие 
преступление 
удаление 
мусор 
назначенный, специально отведённый 
штраф 

 

1.1.2. Answer the following questions. 
1. What do you know about ecological problems in your region / in your 

country / in the world? 

2. How can human activities influence the environment? 
3. What are the most reasonable ways of using natural resources? 
4. What is environmental pollution? 
5. Can you name any measures to prevent environmental pollution? 
6. Why is it important to maintain a balance in the relationship between 

man and nature? 

1.1.3. Read and translate the text “Protection of Environment in the 

UK”, explain the words in bold in English. 

Protection of environment is a major issue in Great Britain. Global 

warming, ozone layer problem, air and water pollution, industrial wastes 
are in the center of different state and public actions. Great Britain 
maintains careful checks on use of dangerous chemicals and collects 
information about new ones. Acid rains that kill enormous amounts of fish 
in Great Britain are also in the center of attention. They are caused by 
smoke from factories and power stations and exhaust fumes from transport. 
It is produced when coal and oil are burnt. The government provides smoke 
control programs. New power plants will have to meet very tight limits on 
emission of chemical gases. Britain works with Scandinavian countries in a 
project on the problem of acid rains. Over the last years local authorities 
are carrying on tests of drinking water in England and Wales. Nuclear 
waste from nuclear plants is discharged into the Irish Sea, making it one of 
the most radioactive seas in the world. There also have been numerous leaks 
of radioactive matter to the atmosphere. Water pollution from shipping and 
oil platforms, mostly in the North Atlantic, is great. 

Water pollution programs are being worked out in Great Britain 

nowadays. Ten National parks have been established in England and Wales, 
four – in Scotland. Their aims are to conserve the natural beauty, wildlife 
and cultural heritage. Each park is administered by an independent 
National Park Authority. Trees Preservation Orders enable local authorities 
to protect trees and woodlands. Once a tree is protected it is, in general, an 
offence to cut it down without permission. Responsibility for pollution 
control is divided between local authorities and central government. Local 
authorities are responsible for collection and disposal of wastes, keeping the 

streets clear of litter, control of air pollution. It is a criminal offence to leave 
litter in any public place in the open air except in designated places. The 
fines for it vary from 25 up to 2500 pounds. 
(https://www.native-english.ru/topics/protection-of-environment-in-the-uk) 

1.1.4. Read the text “Environmental Problems” and find English 
equivalents to the words in the box, use them to entitle the numbered 
parts of the text. 

Вырубка лесов       Глобальное потепление     Загрязнение 

Истощение озонового слоя       Климатические изменения 

 
Our environment is constantly changing. This is the fact we cannot 

deny. The way technological progress influences the environment is not the 
most favourable. 

Today humanity is facing numerous environmental problems. If we do 

not pay attention to these problems right now, we may face even bigger 
natural disasters in the future. 

(1) Pollution is one of the biggest problems. Plants and motor vehicles 

are number one pollutants. Their harmful emissions pollute the 
environment. Oil spills and acid rains make the World Ocean dirty. 

(2) Global warming is the result of human activity. It is characterized 

by rising temperatures of the oceans and earth’s surface causing rise in sea 
levels and melting of polar ice cover. Apart from that, floods, desertification 
and excessive snow are also signs of global warming. 

(3) Global warming causes the rise of another serious problem, known 

as climate change. Climate change can lead to the development of other 
harmful effects in our life, such as occurrence of new diseases and change in 
seasons. 

(4) Today forests cover about 30 % of land. Every year this figure 

decreases more and more. People clear new territories for residential 
buildings, new plants and factories. We must realize that deforestation 
causes the extinction of animals and plants. 

(5) Ozone layer protects our planet from the sun’s harmful rays. Due to 

atmospheric emissions of the so-called CFC’s, the ozone layer depletes. 
This results in occurrence of the holes in the ozone layer. 

Today CFC’s are banned in many industries. However, we must 

remember that if this problem is not taken under control, harmful rays of the 
sun will easily penetrate the atmosphere. The biggest hole in the ozone layer 
is located above the Antarctic. 

(https://www.interactive-english.ru/topiki/91-ecological-problems-/) 

1.1.5. Decide if the statements are true or false and find examples in 
the text 1.1.4. to prove your opinion. 
1. Environmental problems in the modern world must be solved right 
now to avoid negative consequences in the future. 
2. The main “gate” for harmful sunrays is located above the Atlantic 
Ocean. 
3. An environmental problem can cause a number of other problems, 
which can seriously damage our planet. 
4. Today people take some preventive measures to help the nature, but 
they are not enough. 
5. The atmosphere of the Earth is seriously polluted, but the World 
Ocean does not get any bad influence of the human activity. 
6. Floods occur mainly because of the pollution of seas and oceans by 
people. 
7. Nowadays the human behavior may be characterized as naturedestructive more than nature-saving. 

1.1.6. Translate the following sentences into English. 
1. Глобальное потепление влечет за собой изменение климата. Это 

тоже очень серьёзная проблема. 

2. Кислотные дожди убивают огромное количество рыбы. 
3. Озоновый слой истончается и в нём появляются дыры 

вследствие выброса в атмосферу так называемых фреонов. 
4. Местные органы власти в разных странах проводят тщательные 
проверки использования опасных химических веществ и собирают 
информацию о новых. 

5. Люди должны задуматься о том, что вырубка лесов – это не 

только риск исчезновения растений, она так же является причиной 
вымирания животных. 
6. Специалисты отвечают за сбор и утилизацию отходов, очистку 
улиц от мусора, борьбу с загрязнением воздуха.