Английский язык: электроэнергетика и электротехника

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКА 
И ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИКА

А.А. НОВИКОВА

Москва
ИНФРА-М
2021

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

Рекомендовано 
Межрегиональным учебно-методическим советом 
профессионального образования в качестве 
учебного пособия для учебных заведений, реализующих 
программу среднего профессионального образования 
по укрупненной группе специальностей 
13.02.00 «Электро- и теплоэнергетика» 
(протокол № 5 от 11.03.2019)

УДК [811.111+621.3](075.32)
ББК 81.2Англ:31.2я723
 
Н73

Новикова А.А.

Н73  
Английский язык: электроэнергетика и электротехника : учебное 

пособие / А.А. Новикова. — Москва : ИНФРА-М, 2022. — 246 с. — 
(Среднее профессиональное образование). 

ISBN 978-5-16-015367-4 (print)
ISBN 978-5-16-109023-7 (online)
Цели учебного пособия — ознакомление обучающихся с лексикой 

по специальности (электроэнергетика и электротехника) на базе текстов 
средней степени сложности, развитие навыков перевода, реферирования 
и аннотирования, активизация и накопление терминологической лексики. Представленные тексты для чтения, упражнения и творческие задания 
способствуют формированию у учащихся коммуникативных, профессионально-ориентированных компетенций.

Учебное пособие состоит из четырех частей. В первой части представ
лены задания в виде текстов, объединенных общей тематикой, серии 
упражнений, направленных на усвоение терминологической лексики 
и развитие навыков устного высказывания. Во второй части предлагаются 
дополнительные тексты для чтения с разным уровнем сложности; к текстам даются необходимые комментарии и словарик. Третья часть знакомит 
обучающихся с профессиональными рабочими инструментами и их назначением; данная часть снабжена глоссарием и проверочными заданиями. 
В четвертой части приведен объемистый словарь словосочетаний и выражений, употребляемых в электротехнике.

Предназначено для студентов учреждений среднего профессиональ
ного образования, обучающихся по укрупненной группе специальностей 
13.02.00 «Электро- и теплоэнергетика».

 Может быть использовано студентами вузов, для организации индиви
дуальной и групповой работы, а также в качестве справочного материала.

УДК [811.111+621.3](075.32)

ББК 81.2Англ:31.2я723

Р е ц е н з е н т ы:

Ермакова Е.Н., доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры 

филологического образования Тобольского педагогического института имени Д.И. Менделеева (филиала) Тюменского государственного 
университета в г. Тобольске;

Тимофеева А.М., кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры 

естественно-научных и гуманитарных дисциплин филиала Тюменского индустриального университета в г. Тобольске

ISBN 978-5-16-015367-4 (print)
ISBN 978-5-16-109023-7 (online)
© Новикова А.А., 2019

Оглавление

Предисловие...........................................................................................................5

PART I. BASIC TEXTS AND TASKS

Unit 1. The Nature of Electricity .................................................................................................... 8

Unit 2. Static Electricity ...................................................................................................................12

Unit 3. Charging by Induction......................................................................................................16

Unit 4. Electric Current ....................................................................................................................19

Unit 5. Alternating Current ............................................................................................................24

Unit 6. Eff ects Produced by a Current .......................................................................................26

Unit 7. Conductors and Insulators ..............................................................................................29

Unit 8. Semiconductors ..................................................................................................................31

Unit 9. Electric Current Conduction ...........................................................................................34

Unit 10. Electric Circuits ..................................................................................................................38

Unit 11. Series and Parallel Circuits ............................................................................................44

Unit 12. Electric Fields .....................................................................................................................48

Unit 13. Voltage and Resistance ..................................................................................................51

Unit 14. Electricity and Magnetism ............................................................................................54

Unit 15. Dynamos..............................................................................................................................60

Unit 16. Generators ..........................................................................................................................62

Unit 17. Main Structural Elements of a DC Machine ...........................................................64

Unit 18. The Alternator ...................................................................................................................66

Unit 19. The Induction Motor .......................................................................................................68

Unit 20. Types of Induction Motors ...........................................................................................71

Unit 21. Transformers ......................................................................................................................74

Unit 22. Types of Transformers ....................................................................................................76

Unit 23. Measurements of Electric Values ...............................................................................78

Unit 24. Main Types of Ammeters and Voltmeters ..............................................................80

Unit 25. Electrical Measuring Instruments аnd Units ..........................................................83

Unit 26. Electric Shock. Safety Electric System ......................................................................86

PART II. SUPPLEMENTARY TEXTS

Section 1. History of Electricity: Outstanding Scientists and Discoveries ...................90

Section 2. Interesting Facts on Electricity and Electronics ............................................. 110

Vocabulary ........................................................................................................................................ 151

PART III. ELECTRICIAN’S TOOLS

Use of Hand Tools .......................................................................................................................... 164

Hand Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 164

Glossary .............................................................................................................................................. 175

Wrench Set ....................................................................................................................................... 177

Electric Appliances and Nets Details (Basic Vocabulary for Electricians) .................. 178

Symbols of Electric Circuit Diagrams Components .......................................................... 179

Control Task ..................................................................................................................................... 180

PART IV. VOCABULARY FOR ELECTRICIANS

Word Combinations and Phrases with the Word “Circuit” ............................................ 184

Условные обозначения ............................................................................................................. 184

Сокращения, употребляемые в словаре .......................................................................... 184

Vocabulary ........................................................................................................................................ 185

Библиографический список ........................................................................... 245

Предисловие

Цель учебного пособия — ознакомление обучающихся с лексикой по специальности (электроэнергетика и электротехника) 
на базе текстов средней степени сложности, развитие навыков перевода, реферирования и аннотирования, активизация и накопление 
терминологической лексики. Представленные тексты для чтения, 
упражнения и творческие задания способствуют формированию 
коммуникативных, профессионально-ориентированных компетенций.
В результате освоения материала студент будет:
знать
 
• лексические единицы общего и терминологического характера;
уметь
 
• читать электросхемы;
 
• применять электрические инструменты в работе;
владеть
 
• навыками устной и письменной профессиональной коммуникации.
Учебное пособие состоит из четырех частей. В первой части 
представлены задания в виде текстов, объединенных общей тематикой, серии упражнений, направленных на усвоение терминологической лексики и развитие навыков устного высказывания. 
Во второй части предлагаются дополнительные тексты для чтения 
с разным уровнем сложности; к текстам даются необходимые комментарии и словарик. Третья часть знакомит обучающихся с профессиональными рабочими инструментами и их назначением; 
данная часть снабжена глоссарием и проверочными заданиями. 
В четвертой части приведен объемистый словарь словосочетаний 
и выражений, употребляемых в электротехнике.

Part I.

BASIC TEXTS AND TASKS

UNIT 1.

THE NATURE OF ELECTRICITY

Task 1. 
Translate the following international words:

electricity, electron, eff ect, structure, combination, material, mass, energy, atom, orbit

Task 2. 
Translate the text:

THE NATURE OF ELECTRICITY

Practical electricity is produced by small atomic particles known as 
electrons. It is the movement of these particles which produce the eff ects 
of heat and light. The pressure that forces these atomic particles to move, 
the eff ects they encounter opposition and how these forces are controlled 
are some of the principles of electricity. Accepted atomic theory states 
that all matter is electrical in structure. Any object is largely composed 
of a combination of positive and negative particles of electricity. Electric 
current will pass through a wire, a body, or along a stream of water. It 
can be established in some substances more readily than in others, that 
all matter is composed of electric particles despite some basic diff erences 
in materials. The science of electricity then must begin with a study of the 
structure of matter.
Matter is defi ned as any substance which has mass (or weight) and occupies space. This defi nition should be broad enough to cover all physical 
objects in the universe. Wood, water, iron, and paper are some examples of matter. Energy is closely related to, but not to be confused with, 
matter. Energy does not have mass, and it does not occupy space. Heat 
and light are examples of energy.
The smallest particle of matter which can be recognized as an original 
substance was thought to be a unit called the atom. Recently scientists 
have found particles even smaller than atoms, but our theories are still 
based on the atom. The atom consists of a nucleus and a cloud of electrons. It is generally agreed that the electrons are small particles of electricity, which are negative in nature. These particles orbit the nucleus in 
much the same fashion that planets orbit a sun.

Task 3. 
Try to give the English equivalents for the words below:

1) сила; 2) частица; 3) тепло и свет; 4) напряжение; 5) отрицательный; 
6) вещество; 7) положительный; 8) производить; 9) электрический 
ток; 10) ядро

Task 4. 
Translate the following words:

1) pass through a wire; 2) eff ects of heat and light; 3) encounter opposition; 4) principles of electricity; 5) atomic particle; 6) composed (of); 
7) structure of matter; 8) occupy space; 9) physical objects; 10) a cloud 
of electrons; 11) in the same fashion

Task 5. 
Try to complete the sentences using the text:

1. Energy must not be confused with …
2. Electricity is produced by …
3. The eff ects of heat and light are produced by …
4. According to the accepted atomic theory all matter is …
5. Any object is composed of …
6. Matter is defi ned as …
7. The atom consists of …
8. The smallest particle of matter is …
9. Electrons are …
10. Most theories are based on …

Task 6. 
Try to answer the questions of the text:

1) Are there any diff erences between energy and matter?
2) What are the principles of electricity?
3) What is recognized as an original substance now?
4) What must the science of electricity begin with?

Task 7. 
Translate the text and answer the questions given above the text.

1) What is the diff erence between positively charged objects and negatively charged objects?
2) What is electric charge? What are the types of electric charges?
3) How does electrical activity manifest itself in the universe?
4) Is electricity a many-sided form of energy? How does it make our life 
comfortable?
5) What are the two forms of electric charge?
6) Can an object be uncharged?

ELECTRICITY

Electricity is one of the basic forms of energy. Electricity is associated 
with electric charge, a property of certain elementary particles such as 
electrons and protons, two of the basic particles that make up the atoms 

of all ordinary matter. Electric charges can be stationary, as in static electricity, or moving, as in an electric current. Electrical activity takes place 
constantly everywhere in the universe. Electrical forces hold molecules 
together. The nervous systems of animals work by means of weak electric 
signals transmitted between neurons (nerve cells). Electricity is generated, transmitted, and converted into heat, light, motion, and other forms 
of energy through natural processes, as well as by devices built by people. 
Electricity is an extremely versatile form of energy. It can be generated 
in many ways and from many diff erent sources. It can be sent almost 
instantaneously over long distances. Electricity can also be converted effi ciently into other forms of energy, and it can be stored. Because of this 
versatility, electricity plays a part in nearly every aspect of modern technology. Electricity provides light, heat, and mechanical power. It makes 
telephones, computers, televisions, and countless other necessities and 
luxuries possible.
Electricity consists of charges carried by electrons, protons, and other 
particles. Electric charge comes in two forms: positive and negative. Electrons and protons both carry exactly the same amount of electric charge, 
but the positive charge of the proton is exactly opposite the negative 
charge of the electron. If an object has more protons than electrons, it 
is said to be positively charged; if it has more electrons than protons, it 
is said to be negatively charged. If an object contains as many protons as 
electrons, the charges will cancel each other and the object is said to be 
uncharged, or electrically neutral.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

Task 1. 
Try to match each word from the box with one of the defi nitions.

neuron, charge, molecule, proton, atom, energy, particle, matter, 
electron, cell

1) very small piece of matter, part of an atom;
2) the smallest unit, consisting of a group of atoms, into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature;
3) very small piece of matter with a positive electric charge that forms 
part of the nucleus of an atom;
4) physical substance in general that everything in the world consists of;
5) a cell that carries information within the brain and between the brain 
and other parts of the body;