Социальная инклюзия: Нерешенные проблемы и новые вызовы = Social Inclusion: Unresolved Issues and New Challenges

А.В. Нагорная

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ИНКЛЮЗИЯ
Нерешенные проблемы и новые вызовы
____________________

SOCIAL INCLUSION
Unresolved Issues and New Challenges

Учебник

Москва
Издательство «ФЛИНТА»
2021

УДК 811.111+316.6(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1+88.5я73

Н16

Р е ц е н з е н т ы:

д-р филол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Отдела языкознания,  

зав. Отделом развития ресурсного потенциала ИНИОН РАН Л.Р. Комалова;

д-р филол., проф., проф. кафедры иностранных языков, межкультурной  
коммуникации и перевода Пермского национального исследовательского

политехнического университета Н.М. Нестерова

А в то р

Александра Викторовна Нагорная — д-р филол. наук,

проф. Школы иностранных языков Национального исследовательского 
университета «Высшая школа экономики»

ISBN 978-5-9765-4442-0

В учебнике рассматривается один из наиболее актуальных вопросов совре
менной социальной повестки — построение инклюзивного общества. Тематика 
учебника охватывает проблемы имущественного, гендерного и возрастного 
равенства; обеспечения прав людей с инвалидностью, иммигрантов и языковых меньшинств; инклюзивного образования, боди-позитива и правового 
статуса животных. Учебник построен на современных аутентичных материалах (официальных документах, газетных и журнальных статьях, публичных 
выступлениях) и содержит комплекс упражнений, направленных на совершенствование навыков речевого общения на английском языке, расширение 
актуального словарного запаса, развитие аналитических навыков и навыков
критического мышления.

Учебник предназначен для студентов образовательных программ маги
стратуры по направлению «Иностранные языки и межкультурная коммуникация». Он может использоваться при работе с магистрантами других гуманитарных специальностей при наличии высокого уровня языковой подготовки.

УДК 811.111+316.6(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1+88.5я73

ISBN 978-5-9765-4442-0 
© Нагорная А.В., 2021
© Издательство «ФЛИНТА», 2021

Нагорная А.В.
   Социальная инклюзия: Нерешенные проблемы и новые вызовы = Social 
Inclusion: Unresolved Issues and New Challenges [Электронный ресурс] : 
учебник / А.В. Нагорная. — Москва : ФЛИНТА, 2021. — 288 с.

Н16

CONTENTS

Foreword ................................................................................................................7

UNIT 1. Defining Social Inclusion .......................................................................9
Introduction ......................................................................................................9
Text 1. Inclusion Matters: The Foundation for Shared Prosperity ..................9
TED Talk 1. Helen Turnbull. Inclusion, Exclusion, Illusion  
and Collusion ................................................................................................. 16
Text 2. Beyond Transition: Towards Inclusive Societies:  
Recommendations .......................................................................................... 18
TED Talk 2. Mary Bassett. Why Your Doctor Should Care about Social 
Justice .............................................................................................................26
Final Discussion .............................................................................................28

UNIT 2. Poverty as a Driver of Social Exclusion ...............................................29
Introduction ....................................................................................................29
Text 1. Michael D. Tanner. Why Are People Poor? .......................................29
TED Talk 1. Richard Wilkinson. How Economic Inequality  
Harms Societies .............................................................................................36
Text 2. Max Fisher and Emma Bubola. As Coronavirus Deepens  
Inequality, Inequality Worsens Its Spread .....................................................39
TED Talk 2. Rutger Bregman. Poverty Isn’t a Lack of Character;  
It’s a Lack of Cash ..........................................................................................47
Final Discussion .............................................................................................49

UNIT 3. Disability Inclusion ...............................................................................50
Introduction ....................................................................................................50
Text 1. Brigitte Rohwerder. Disability Inclusion. Background: Definitions, 
Concepts and History .....................................................................................50
TED Talk 1. Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo. Why It Is Time to Make Inclusive 
Development Inclusive ...................................................................................58

Text 2. Ted Kennedy Jr. Hiring People with Disabilities Is Good  
Business .........................................................................................................60
TED Talk 2. Elise Roy. When We Design for Disability, We All Benefit ....... 66
Final Discussion .............................................................................................70

UNIT 4. Challenges of Inclusive Education........................................................71
Introduction ....................................................................................................71
Text 1. Lilla Dale McManis. Inclusive Education: What It Means,  
Proven Strategies, and a Case Study..............................................................71
TED Talk 1. Sarah Rosenbloom. Inclusive Education Paves the Path  
for Development .............................................................................................79
Text 2. Rachael Sharman. Can Inclusive Education Do More Harm Than 
Good? .............................................................................................................82
TED Talk 2. Jan Wilson. Reimagining Disability & Inclusive Education ...... 87
Final Discussion .............................................................................................90

UNIT 5. Immigrant Inclusion: Issues and Debates ............................................. 91
Introduction .................................................................................................... 91
Text 1. Immigrant Inclusion: Good for Families, Communities,  
and the Economy ............................................................................................ 91
TED Talk 1. Paul A. Kramer. Our Immigration Conversation is Broken — 
Here is How to Have a Better One ...............................................................100
Text 2. George J. Borjas. Yes, Immigration Hurts American Workers ....... 103
TED Talk 2. Alexander Betts. Why Brexit Happened — and What  
to Do Next .................................................................................................... 110
Final Discussion ........................................................................................... 113

UNIT 6. Social Inclusion and Language Rights ............................................... 114
Introduction .................................................................................................. 114
Text 1. What Are Language Rights? ............................................................ 114
TED Talk 1. Lindsay Morcom. A History of Indigenous Languages —  
and How to Revitalize Them .......................................................................122
Text 2. James Griffiths. The Internet Threatened to Speed up the Death  
of Endangered Languages. Could It Save Them Instead? ...........................124
TED Talk 2. Daniel Bögre Udell. How to Save a Language from  
Extinction .....................................................................................................134
Final Discussion ........................................................................................... 136

UNIT 7. Say No to Ageism ................................................................................ 138
Introduction .................................................................................................. 138
Text 1. AGE Platform Europe Position on Structural Ageism .................... 138
TED Talk 1. Ashton Applewhite. Let’s End Ageism ................................... 147
Text 2. Natalie d’Arbeloff. ‘There Are No Rules in Age’: Confession  
of an Almost 90-Year-Old ............................................................................ 150
TED Talk 2. Jane Fonda. Life’s Third Act ................................................... 155
Final Discussion ........................................................................................... 157

UNIT 8. Gender Equality: Should Anatomy Be Destiny?................................ 158
Introduction .................................................................................................. 158
Text 1. Joyce Mushaben. The Fourth Wave of Feminism: Europe’s  
New Gender Equality Agenda ..................................................................... 158
TED Talk 1. Michael Kimmel. Why Gender Equality Is Good  
for Everyone — Men Included.....................................................................164
Text 2. Sam Levin. ‘Erasure of an Entire Group’: Intersex People Fear 
Trump Anti-Trans Memo ............................................................................. 167
TED Talk 2. Paula Stone Williams. I’ve Lived as a Man and a Woman. 
Here’s What I Learned ................................................................................. 175
Final Discussion ........................................................................................... 177

UNIT 9. Body Positivity: Embracing Physical Diversity ................................. 179
Introduction .................................................................................................. 179
Text 1. Kendra Cherry. What Is Body Positivity? ....................................... 179
TED Talk 1. Kelli Jean Drinkwater. Enough with the Fear of Fat .............. 188
Text 2. Cassie Augustine. When Does Body Positivity Become Health 
Negativity? ...................................................................................................190
TED Talk 2. Meaghan Ramsey. Why Thinking You’re Ugly Is Bad  
for You .......................................................................................................... 198
Final Discussion ...........................................................................................200

UNIT 10. Animal Rights in an Inclusive Society ............................................. 201
Introduction .................................................................................................. 201
Text 1. UN Convention on Animal Health and Protection (UNCAHP)......202
TED Talk 1. Lesli Bisgould. It’s Time to Re-Evaluate Our Relationship  
with Animals ................................................................................................208
Text 2. What Is Speciesism? ........................................................................ 210

TED Talk 2. Jacy Reese. Why We Should End Animal Agriculture .......... 216
Final Discussion ........................................................................................... 219

Extra vocabulary Рractice ..................................................................................220
Unit 1 . ...........................................................................................................220
Unit 2 . ...........................................................................................................222
Unit 3 . ...........................................................................................................225
Unit 4 . ...........................................................................................................227
Unit 5 . ...........................................................................................................230
Unit 6 ............................................................................................................232
Unit 7 ............................................................................................................235
Unit 8 ............................................................................................................237
Unit 9 ............................................................................................................239
Unit 10 . ......................................................................................................... 241

Reader ................................................................................................................245
Introduction ..................................................................................................245
Unit 1 . ...........................................................................................................246
Unit 2 . ...........................................................................................................249
Unit 3 ............................................................................................................252
Unit 4 . ...........................................................................................................254
Unit 5 . ...........................................................................................................258
Unit 6 . ...........................................................................................................262
Unit 7 . ...........................................................................................................269
Unit 8 . ...........................................................................................................273
Unit 9 ............................................................................................................276
Unit 10 ...........................................................................................................279

Sources . ..............................................................................................................283

FOREWORD

Social inclusion is one of the key components of the current political, 
economic and cultural agenda. It is usually defined as the process of 
improving the terms of participation in society, particularly for people who 
are disadvantaged, through enhancing opportunities, access to resources, 
and respect for rights. 
The principle of social inclusion is enshrined in the UN 2030 Agenda for 
Sustainable Development, adopted in 2015. The Heads of State and Government 
and High Representatives who met at the United Nations Headquarters in 
New York set out an ambitious and transformational vision:

We envisage a world of universal respect for human rights and human 
dignity, the rule of law, justice, equality and non-discrimination; of respect 
for race, ethnicity and cultural diversity; and of equal opportunity permitting 
the full realization of human potential and contributing to shared prosperity. 
A world which invests in its children and in which every child grows up 
free from violence and exploitation. A world in which every woman and 
girl enjoys full gender equality and all legal, social and economic barriers 
to their empowerment have been removed. A just, equitable, tolerant, open 
and socially inclusive world in which the needs of the most vulnerable 
are met*.

In order to make this vision a reality, we need to raise public awareness 
of the global challenges and offer new conceptual lenses that would help us 
dismantle deeply rooted stereotypes and biases and become a more tolerant 
community accepting of individual differences and ready to embrace cultural 
pluralism. 
This book is an attempt to popularize some of the hottest topics within 
the current social inclusion debate. 

* https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld

Social inclusion is an issue which possesses an enormous didactic and 
linguistic potential. On the one hand, it expands students’ knowledge of 
the most topical issues that are widely discussed nowadays and form the 
communicative context which they will encounter in a variety of professional 
and informal settings. On the other hand, it broadens their linguistic horizons 
equipping them with the most up-to-date, trendy vocabulary used in speaking 
about contemporary concerns. Mastering this vocabulary will help students 
gain confidence and make them competent communicators. The students 
will also gain knowledge of the most relevant communication strategies and 
persuasion tactics. 
Thus, the objectives of this textbook are:
 • to familiarize the students with the current social inclusion agenda;
 • to strengthen their analytical ability;
 • to develop critical thinking skills;
 • to refine discussion skills;
 • to increase competence in reading, listening and speaking;
 • to enlarge productive vocabulary;
 • to improve general fluency in English.
The book is divided into ten thematic units, each of them containing two 
texts and two TED Talks. The texts include official documents (conventions, 
charters, declarations, etc.), newspaper and magazine articles, research papers 
and blogs — the types of text the students are most likely to deal with in their 
professional careers. The TED Talks are thematically linked to the texts and 
further develop the ideas conveyed in them. Each section of the unit has a 
set of exercises focusing on the content of the text or talk and the vocabulary 
used in them. At the end of each unit, there is a list of questions for research 
and debate, which is designed to inspire lively discussions and help shape 
an interactive learning environment. 
The units are supplemented with Extra Vocabulary Activities and a 
Reader. The Extra Vocabulary Activities section includes lists of vocabulary 
units for each unit and exercises for translation aimed at revising the acquired 
vocabulary. The Reader contains extra reading materials for independent 
learning. 

UNIT 1 

DEFINING SOCIAL INCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Discuss the following:
1. What does the term inclusion generally mean? What does its  
opposite — exclusion — imply? 
2. Social inclusion is usually defined as “the process of improving the 
terms for individuals and groups to take part in society” or “the process of 
improving the ability, opportunity, and dignity of people, disadvantaged on 
the basis of their identity, to take part in society”. Which definition do you 
prefer and why?
3. How would you define social exclusion?

TEXT 1

BEFORE YOU READ

1. Do you think the following statements are true or false?
1. Social exclusion primarily stems from poverty.
2. Social exclusion is limited to the poorest countries with tyrannical 
regimes.
3. Social inclusion is primarily an economic issue.
4. Social inclusion is difficult to achieve.
5. Social exclusion is deeply rooted in many cultures and is thus immutable.

WHILE YOU READ

2. Read the text and check your answers to No. 1.

INCLUSION MATTERS:  
THE FOUNDATION FOR SHARED PROSPERITY
(from: Inclusion Matters: The Foundations for Shared Prosperity,  
pp. XV—XVII)

In every country, certain groups — whether illegal immigrants, indigenous 
people, or other minorities — confront barriers that prevent them from 
fully participating in their nation’s political, economic, and social life. 
These groups are branded by stereotypes, stigmas, and superstitions. They 
often live with insecurity. And such disadvantages not only preclude them 
from capitalizing on opportunities to lead a better life, they also rob them 
of dignity. 
In many countries, excluded people have organized to right a lifetime 
of wrongs. These newly active citizens include victims of violence who are 
demanding justice, or members of growing middle classes demanding greater 
voice in their countries’ political processes. They come armed or simply angry, 
protesting in Brazil or India, and occupying Wall Street or Tahrir Square. 
Taken together, their outrage demonstrates a global crisis of inclusion. 
At the World Bank Group, we have realized that confronting the need for 
social inclusion will prove vital if we are to meet our goal of building shared 
prosperity for all people. While great strides have been made in reducing 
extreme poverty, in country after country, groups remain excluded from 
development gains. A rising tide does not necessarily lift all boats. 
Acknowledging this, in May 2013, the United Nations (UN) Secretary 
General’s High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development 
Agenda called for designing development goals that focus on reaching 
excluded groups. “Leave no one behind,” they urged the Secretary-General, 
adding, “We should ensure that no person — regardless of ethnicity, gender, 
geography, disability, race, or status — is denied universal human rights and 
basic economic opportunities.” 
Including the excluded is a complex challenge. At the World Bank Group, we 
begin where we always do: by surveying, sifting, and analyzing the evidence. 
The result of that work is this evidence-based study of social inclusion. It is 
the first of its kind for the Bank Group. We believe it represents one of the 
most comprehensive reviews of social inclusion available. While more work 
is needed, our research allows us to say a few things with confidence: