Английский язык для международников 2. Часть 2

Москва
2022

Е. Б. Ястребова, О. А. Кравцова,
О. И. Палагина, А. В. Галигузова

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ДЛЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНИКОВ  2

Учебник в двух частях
Часть 2

Допущено Федеральным научно-методическим объединением 
по укрупненной группе специальностей и направлений подготовки 41.00.00 
«Политические науки и регионоведение» в качестве учебника для студентов, 
обучающихся по направлениям подготовки «Международные отношения» 
и «Зарубежное регионоведение»

Московский государственный институт
международных отношений (университет)
МИД России

УДК 811.111
ББК 81.2Англ
      Я85

Ястребова, Елена Борисовна.
Английский язык для международников 2 : Учебник для вузов в двух частях. 
Часть 2 / Е. Б. Ястребова, О. А. Кравцова, О. И. Палагина, А. В. Галигузова. — М. : 
Издательство «Аспект Пресс», 2022.
ISBN  978-5-7567-1157-8 (общий)
Часть 2: 2022. — 232 с.
ISBN  978-5-7567-1159-2 (часть 2)

«Английский язык для международников 2» предназначен для студентов, 
обучающихся по направлениям подготовки «Международные отношения» 
и «Зарубеж ное регионоведение». Исходный уровень владения языком для работы с учебником — B1; завершение курса предполагает достижение уровня В2 
по клас си фи кации Совета Европы. Цель учебника — развитие межкультурной 
коммуникативной компетенции студентов; особое внимание уделяется ее профессиональному компоненту. В учебникe предусмотрены две траектории изучения материала: базовая и повышенной трудности.
УДК 811.111
ББК 81.2Англ

ISBN 978-5-7567-1157-8 (общий) 
 
            © Ястребова Е. Б., Кравцова О. А.,
ISBN 978-5-7567-1159-2 (часть 2) 
 
 
Палагина О. И., Галигузова А. В., 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
            © МГИМО МИД России, 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
            © Издательство «Аспект Пресс», 2022

Все учебники издательства «Аспект Пресс»
на сайте и в интернет-магазине https://.aspectpress.ru

Я85

Рецензенты
А. А. Байков — кандидат политических наук, доцент, 
проректор по научной работе МГИМО МИД России
Н. Ф. Коряковцева — доктор педагогических наук, профессор кафедры лингводидактики 
Института иностранных языков МГЛУ
Кафедра иностранных языков в сфере международных отношений 
факультета иностранных языков СПбГУ 
(заведующая кафедрой — кандидат филологических наук, доцент Н. М. Тимченко)

CONTENTS

UNIT 6. REASONABLE PRODUCTION AND RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION
Listening 1А. Re-thinking Progress: The Circular Economy ..................................................................................5
Reading 1 Text 1. A Big Shift ..........................................................................................................................................5
Critical Thinking 1 .............................................................................................................................................................7
Vocabulary List 1 ...............................................................................................................................................................7
Vocabulary Practice 1 ...................................................................................................................................................10
Speaking 1A ....................................................................................................................................................................12
Listening 1B. Is Planned Obsolescence Real? .........................................................................................................12
Reading 1 Text 2. Why Responsible Consumption is Everyone’s Business .....................................................12
Critical Thinking 2 ..........................................................................................................................................................15
Speaking 1B  ....................................................................................................................................................................15
Vocabulary List 2 ............................................................................................................................................................15
Vocabulary Practice 2 ...................................................................................................................................................18
Project Work 1. Build Up Your Topic Vocabulary: Shopping & Consumersim .............................................23
Listening 2A. America’s Dopamine-Fueled Shopping Addiction .....................................................................26
Listening 2B. ‘Zero Waste’. Responsible production &consumption ................................................................27
Reading 2. America from Kilgore Trout’s Perspective ...........................................................................................27
Speaking 2. Readers Club Meeting ...........................................................................................................................31
The Right Word In The Right Place: Confusables; Phrasal Verbs (ON) ...........................................................31
Grammar. Conditionals. Inversion .............................................................................................................................36
Articles ..............................................................................................................................................................................51

UNIT 7. MAN AND THE CITY
Listening 1A. Top 10 Eco-Friendly Cities in the World ..........................................................................................54
Reading 1 Text 1. Quest for the Sustainable City ..................................................................................................54
Critical Thinking 1 ..........................................................................................................................................................57
Vocabulary List 1 ............................................................................................................................................................57
Vocabulary Practice 1 ...................................................................................................................................................61
Speaking 1 Pairwork .....................................................................................................................................................63
Listening 1B. Future Self-Sustaining City Concepts ..............................................................................................64
Reading 1 Text 2. The New Millennial Housing Trend .........................................................................................65
Critical Thinking 2 ..........................................................................................................................................................67
Project Work 1. Build Up Your Vocabulary ............................................................................................................67
Vocabulary Practice 2 ...................................................................................................................................................72
Listening 2A. Home Truths — Co-Housing .............................................................................................................76
Speaking 2. Is communal living sustainable? ........................................................................................................76
Reading 2. On the Streets .............................................................................................................................................76
The Right Word In The Right Place: Confusables; Phrasal Verbs (OFF) .........................................................81
Listening 2B. A Day in the Life of a Homeless Person ...........................................................................................86
Project Work 2. Build Up Your Topic Vocabulary: Homelessness In A Big City ............................................86
Project Work 3. Sustainable Cities For The Poor And The Needy ......................................................................89
Grammar. ‘Wish’ and other ways to express unreality .........................................................................................91
Articles.............................................................................................................................................................................101

UNIT 8. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Listening 1A. Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Development ...................................104
Reading 1 Text 1. Technology to Make our Planet More Sustainable ...........................................................104
Critical Thinking ...........................................................................................................................................................108
Vocabulary List 1 ..........................................................................................................................................................108

Vocabulary Practice 1 .................................................................................................................................................112
Speaking 1A ..................................................................................................................................................................114
Listening 1B. Ten Top Shocking Scientific Discoveries of 2019 ........................................................................115
Reading 1 Text 2. Live Forever ..................................................................................................................................116
Project Work 1. Build Up Your Vocabulary ..........................................................................................................119
Vocabulary Practice 2 .................................................................................................................................................122
Speaking 1B  ..................................................................................................................................................................126
Listening 2A. How artificial intelligence will change your world in 2019, for better or worse ...............126
Project Work 2. Build Up Your Topic Vocabulary: Science And Technology ..............................................126
Listening 2B. Bill Gates: The next outbreak? We are not ready .......................................................................130
Project Work 3. Mini Conference ‘Science And Technology For A Better World’ .........................................131
Reading 2. Marionettes, Inc. ......................................................................................................................................132
Speaking 2. Readers Club Meeting .........................................................................................................................137
The Right Word In The Right Place: Confusables; Phrasal Verbs (AWAY, ACROSS, AROUND, ABOUT)  ...137
Grammar. Modal verbs: certainty and probability.’ Wh-clauses’ for Adding Emphasis ............................142
Articles.............................................................................................................................................................................152

UNIT 9. WATER, LAND AND MAN
Listening 1A. Are we heading towards water crisis? ..........................................................................................155
Reading 1 Text 1. To Sustain International Waters, to Save Land ..................................................................155
Critical Thinking ...........................................................................................................................................................158
Vocabulary List .............................................................................................................................................................158
Vocabulary Practice ....................................................................................................................................................162
Speaking 1 A .................................................................................................................................................................166
Reading 1 Text 2. The Land of Fires and Floods ...................................................................................................167
Speaking 1B ...................................................................................................................................................................168
Listening 1B. The Future of Water ...........................................................................................................................169
Project Work. Build Up Your Topic Vocabulary: Environmental Issues .......................................................169
Project Work 2: Case Study.......................................................................................................................................174
Listening 2. Dune Cast Q&A with Stephen Colbert .............................................................................................175
Reading 2. Leaving for Dune .....................................................................................................................................176
Speaking 2. Readers Club Meeting .........................................................................................................................181
The Right Word In The Right Place: Confusables; Phrasal Verbs (BACK, OVER, BEHIND, THROUGH) ....181
Grammar. Modal verbs: possibility and more ......................................................................................................186
Articles.............................................................................................................................................................................196

UNIT 10. PARTNERSHIP FOR THE GOALS
Listening 1. The Concept of Sustainability ............................................................................................................199
Reading 1 Text 1. Sustainability Strategy for Tomorrow? ................................................................................199
Critical Thinking ...........................................................................................................................................................201
Speaking 1 .....................................................................................................................................................................201
Project Work. Round Table Discussion: Finding Partners For The Goals. ...................................................201
Listening 2. How to Organize a Round Table. How to Present a Project Proposal .....................................204
Reading 1 Text 2. The Lazy Person’s Guide to Saving the World: Level 4 ......................................................204
Speaking 2  ....................................................................................................................................................................205
Vocabulary Revision ...................................................................................................................................................205
The Right Word In The Right Place: Revision ......................................................................................................209
Reading 2. Going North .............................................................................................................................................214
Grammar. Revison ........................................................................................................................................................216
Articles.............................................................................................................................................................................221

Appendices. Part 2 ......................................................................................................................................................223
Список литературы ...................................................................................................................................................230

UNIT 6
REASONABLE PRODUCTION 
AND RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION

IN UNIT 6 YOU LEARN
• to take part in a Readers Club discussion
• to build up topic vocabulary
YOU PRACTICE
• reading fast: skimming & scanning
• reading and inferring information
• reading and thinking critically
• listening for and analysing information
• presenting your idea and supporting 
  it with arguments and examples

LISTENING 1А
Re-thinking Progress: Th e Circular Economy. 3:48. https://youtu.be/zCRKvDyyHmI

PRE-LISTENING QUESTIONS
1. Have you heard of a circular economy? 
What do you think the term means?
2. What do you think ‘take-make-waste’ 
approach to production consists in?

Listening for general understanding
Watch, listen and answer the questions.
1. What is a linear approach? 
Why is it unsustainable?
2. In what way is a circular approach 
diff erent? What is it based on?
3. What does it take to move on to 
a circular economy?

Listening for detailed understanding 
Watch and listen to the video again. 
Focus on how the speaker explains his idea.
Complete the sentences so that they best refl ect 
what the speaker says.
1. In the living world there is no such thing as ….
2. A linear approach is harmful because…
3. Th e benefi t of the biological cycle consists in …
4. A throwaway culture can be replaced …
5. One solution is to rethink ….
6. In practice a refusal to own products means….
7. For circular economy to work ….
8. Our future depends on…

READING 1 TEXT 1
PRE-READING TASK
Match the phrases on the left with phrases / defi nitions on the right. Consult a dictionary if 
necessary.

planned or built-in 
obsolescence
a product designed for a single use aft er which it is recycled or is 
disposed as solid waste

(consumer) disposables
diminishing the ecological eff ects of products

consumer durables
a policy of planning or designing a product with an artifi cially limited 
useful life

greening products
consumer products that do not have to be purchased frequently because 
they are made to last for an extended period of time (more than three years)

LANGUAGE FOCUS
• conditionals
• inversion
• vocabulary related to sustainability, 
  consumption & shopping
• confusables:
  modern vs contemporary
  historic vs historical
• phrasal verbs with on particle
• articles with abstract nouns 
  and geographical names

Skim the text to fi nd out what ‘a big shift’ is.

A Big Shift

Growing up, we owned a General Electric freezer purchased in the early 1960s; 
it lasted some 35 years, breaking down in the late 1990’s. 
Th e freezer was manufactured long before the concept of ‘planned obsolescence’ 
became widespread and we became a ‘throwaway consumer society’. 
/David Russell Schilling/
Th rowaway culture
We had to get rid of our TV set, which was eight years old, and was acting up. “Can’t you repair it?” 
I asked the technician. He looked at me as though I were a Martian. “You don’t repair eight-yearold TVs; you throw them away”, he said.
Now, as I sit and look at the new TV, we’ve bought to replace the old one, I can’t help but think of 
its close death, a few short years from now.
It’s not just TV sets that belong to what could be called the throwaway culture. Cars, computers, 
mobile phones, anything you care to name seems to be made so as to become useless within a relatively short span of time. And that short span of time seems to be getting shorter and shorter.
No sooner have you got the very latest smartphone/ music system/ iPad/ electric nostril hair clipper than a NEW! IMPROVED! UPDATED version of the darn thing (1) is launched and you fi nd 
yourself saddled with the old one.
It’s called ‘built-in obsolescence’, designing devices in such a way as to make them disposable 
almost as soon as you’ve bought them. What are known as ‘consumer durables’ should more appropriately be called ‘consumer disposables’ in today’s society, where yesterday’s new is today’s old.

From linear to circular economy
Today, products are oft en cheap to produce, but diffi  cult and/or expensive to recycle. Th erefore, it’s 
oft en cheaper for manufacturers to use virgin materials instead of recycled materials. What’s more, 
most goods that are produced today will eventually become waste. In a linear economic system, 
we extract raw materials to make products that are used for a limited period, most of which are 
eventually discarded as waste.
How can we reduce the pressure on the earth’s resources and ecosystems? How can we satisfy our 
consumption needs in a sustainable way?
Over the past decade or so, policy makers have promoted a move away from the linear economic 
model of “take-make-waste” that grew out of the Industrial Revolution. As the global population 
has continued to increase, there has been a growing recognition that the linear model of mining 
raw materials is unsustainable. Linear models that support increased production and consumption of products are depleting the earth’s fi nite resources. Th ese excessive amounts of waste and 
pollution are threatening the earth’s carrying capacity.
Th e shift  toward a circular economic model emphasizes sustainability; this model mimics nature. 
In nature, there is no landfi ll; waste is regarded as a problem and avoided as much as possible. 
In a circular economy strong emphasis is put on the overall life-cycle of products and on design 
for recycling. Products are designed and optimized for disassembly and reuse — not only once or 
twice, but again and again. Th is approach goes beyond simply greening products, and aims at creating more from less and keeping products and materials in use by making them fully recyclable.
/based on Throwaway culture: Unlike earlier days when things were made 
to last, today everything is disposable by Jug Suraiya/;
‘Circular Economy: The Transition to a More Sustainable Economy’ by Daniela Rathe, 2019/

Note
the darn thing (infml) — used to emphasize what you are saying, especially when you are annoyed

READING & INFERRING
Read the text again and decide which of the following can be inferred from the text.
1. 
Technological progress caused built-in obsolescence. 
2. 
It is cheaper to buy a new device or gadget than have it repaired. 
3. ‘Consumer durables’ has become an outdated term. 
4. 
Th e Industrial Revolution took off  in the countries rich in natural resources. 
5. 
Waste is one of the biggest problems of a linear economic system. 
6. 
Environmental pollution can eventually diminish the world’s population.
7. 
Sustainability and economic growth are fundamentally incompatible.
8. 
Sustainable production should be patterned on natural life cycles. 

CRITICAL THINKING 1
1. 
Decide which of the statements best represent 
the main idea of the text:
A. A shift  towards circular economy is the only 
way to sustain our civilization.
B. Consumerism boosts the economy but 
destroys the environment.
C. Replacing the linear economic model with 
a circular one means changing our way of 
thinking about production and consumption.
D. Suggest your own statement.

2. 
Find the arguments in the text which 
support the main idea. 
3. 
Identify the author’s stance: that of
 
—
objective analyst; 
 
—
angry consumer;
 
—
passionate critic of consumerism;
 
—
proponent of circular economy;
 
—
… ?
Give your reasoning

VOCABULARY LIST 1
Ex. 1. Study the Vocabulary List and translate all the examples.

design (v)

design (n)

1. проектировать, конструировать, разрабатывать 
to design a building / a dress / a product / a website
A Texas resident designed a machine that makes water from air.
to design a course / a method / a programme / a study / a system
to be carefully / exclusively / originally / poorly designed 
2. (PV) предназначаться /быть созданным для определенной цели 
to be designed as smth 
Designed as a ‘green product’, the package is absolutely environmentally 
friendly.
to be designed to do smth
The course is designed to help students seeking internship opportunities 
in the media.
to be designed for smth 
The equipment has been designed for use by both children and adults.

1. проект, план, эскиз, конструкция 
a design for a bridge /a church / a house
A design fault is one of the major causes of a product recall. — 
Одной из основных причин отзыва продукции является дефект 
конструкции.
2. замысел
The better the design, the easier its application.
by design — намеренно, умышленно

disposable (adj)

dispose of smb / 
smth (v)

disposed (adj)

disposal (n)

disposition (n)

одноразовый
a disposable cup /glove / razor
Disposable clothes (such as paper dresses) were shortly popular in the US in the 1950s. 

избавиться, ликвидировать, отделаться
to dispose of rubbish / litter / trash
to dispose of hazardous / nuclear waste / ammunition and bombs
It is against the law to dispose of radioactive waste as normal trash.
Man proposes and / but God disposes. — Человек предполагает, а Бог 
располагает.

1. расположенный, склонный сделать что-либо
to be / feel / seem disposed to do smth
The Governor was personally disposed to continue the talks but under pressure 
from his advisers decided not to.
2. относящийся определенным образом (к кому-либо/чему-либо) 
to be / feel / seem favourably / ill / kindly disposed to / towards smb/smth
Researchers say that many people are well-disposed to the idea of a universal 
world language.

1. избавление (от чего-либо), устранение (чего-либо)
disposal company / facility / fee / site
sewage disposal
disposal of consumer / industrial / nuclear waste
2. возможность (право) распоряжаться чем-либо
to be at one’s / smb’s disposal / at the disposal of smb — быть в чьем-либо 
распоряжении
to have smth at one’s disposal 
The suspect is reported to have at least fi ve guns at his disposal.

1. характер, нрав
to have a/an aggressive / friendly / jealous /pleasant disposition
The right candidate should have a cheerful disposition and a positive attitude.
of a nervous disposition
2. склонность, тенденция
genetic / natural disposition
to have / show a disposition towards smth / to do smth

appropriate (adj)
[əˈprəʊpriət]

appropriately (adv)

1. подходящий, соответствующий 
to consider / deem / fi nd smth appropriate 
entirely / fairly / perfectly appropriate
appropriate action / behavior / measure / time and place / response
Helpful information regarding appropriate use of the Internet by children is hard 
to fi nd.
appropriate for / to 
Sheila went to buy a dress appropriate for/to the occasion.
Some sites may contain content that is not appropriate for /to children.

соответствующе, подобающим образом, уместно
It is important to dress appropriately for a job interview.

waste (n)
1. (U) растрачивание; излишняя или ненужная трата
absolute / criminal / enormous / pointless / tragic waste
waste of energy / life / money / resources / time
Most MPs (Members of Parliament) see the project as an enormous waste 
of taxpayer’s money. 
to go to waste — оставаться неиспользованным, идти в отходы
In the natural world everything is reused; nothing goes to waste.
Haste makes waste. — Поспешишь — людей насмешишь.

waste (n)

waste (v)

wasteful (adj)

2. (C/U) отходы
commercial / domestic / household / industrial waste
dangerous / harmful / toxic waste
recyclable waste 
to dump / generate / process waste
waste collection / disposal / management / reduction / storage

1. терять даром, тратить впустую
to waste energy / money / time on smth
Why do people waste their eff ort and time on something when there is no chance 
of succeeding?
to waste no time (in) doing smth — делать что-либо незамедлительно, 
не терять времени
The Governor wasted no time in hitting back at his political opponent.
to waste one’s breath — попусту тратить слова, сотрясать воздух
Don’t waste your breath, you’ll never convince him.
2. упустить, не воспользоваться
to waste a chance / opportunity
The candidate seldom wastes an opportunity to mock his opponents.

расточительный, неэкономный
a wasteful habit / consumption / expenditure
The wasteful lifestyle of contemporary cities has increased the demand for plastic 
packaging.
to be wasteful of smth
People in the developed countries such as the UK are extremely wasteful of food.

capacity (n)
1. вместимость, емкость
high / excess / limited / total capacity
to have / increase / reduce capacity
the earth’s carrying capacity — ресурсы / реальные возможности Земли, 
допустимое количество людей / организмов, проживающих на Земле 
capacity of a battery / engine/ etc.
The average seating capacity of a Moscow theatre is 850 seats. 
to be fi lled / packed to capacity
The restaurant was packed to capacity.
2. производительность
to operate / work at full capacity
3. способность 
capacity to do smth 
capacity for smth / doing smth
infi nite / intellectual capacity
beyond / within smb’s capacity
The fi nancial debt of the country is beyond its capacity to repay.
4. роль, должность, качество
to act / work in an advisory / offi  cial / personal / professional capacity
in one’s capacity as
Mr. Smith in his capacity as the chairperson declared the meeting open.

shift (n)
1. изменение, сдвиг
a dramatic / fundamental / gradual / sudden shift
climate / demographic / ideological / power shift
to cause / represent / signal / undergo a shift
The mayor’s speech signals a shift in understanding the problem. 
a shift from smth to smth
a shift to / toward(s) smth
The project clearly promotes a shift towards cleaner ways of city travelling, 
i.e. a shift from traditional (petrol-powered) to electric vehicles.

shift (n)

shift (v)

2. (рабочая) смена
to do / work a shift
an 8 hour / day / night (evening) / weekend / overnight shift
to work in shifts 
The work in the company is handled by employees working in shifts.

изменять(ся), менять(ся), смещать 
to shift attention / focus / emphasis / policy/ opinion
The government shifted responsibility for handling the crisis to the public.
to shift constantly / dramatically / gradually / slightly
to shift (away) from smth to smth
Over the past decade the political landscape of Southern California gradually 
shifted from Democrat to Republican.
to shift to / towards smth
As the economic situation in the country improved, public attention has shifted 
towards other issues.
to shift onto / to smth
The focus of economic globalization should be shifted onto / to eradicating 
poverty.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE 1
Ex. 2. Fill in the missing words from Vocabulary List 1. The fi rst letter is given to help. 
1. 
A call to his mobile found him in a relatively cheerful d____________________, as though the 
argument the day before had never taken place. 
2. 
Sue will never forget sailing down the Nile on a luxury boat with a maximum c________________ 
___________ of only 120 passengers. 
3. 
Originally the app was d________________________ as a product which can fi t the needs of 
diff erent customers. 
4. 
Electricity from excess illumination w_________________________ an enormous amount of 
energy. 
5. 
 Th e police use of real-time facial recognition technology allows an a________________ response 
to any anti-social behavior. 
6. 
 D_____________________________ face masks must be worn in areas aff ected by viruses. 
7. 
Offi  cials now say that the city is safe, at least for now, aft er a s________________________ in 
winds changed the direction of the largest of the fi res. 
8. When the cost of living increases everybody will cut w_____________________ expenditure. 
9. Th e architectural competition jury is sure that the building d_______________________ are all 
boring and fail to refl ect anything of the city’s character. 
10. Th e way in which the new manager dealt with problems was helpful as it s________________ 
_________ the focus onto what could be learned from errors. 
11. Th e Stockholm Conference in 1972 had called for a registry of emissions of radioactivity and international cooperation on radioactive waste d____________________ and reprocessing. 
12. A political party’s nominees for offi  ce spend considerable time being coached to answer their 
electors’ questions a______________________________. 
13. Some countries lack the c_________________________ to deal with recyclable waste and export 
much of it to other countries. 
14. Paula, of all people, was the least d__________________________ to interfere in her friend’s 
romantic relations. 
15. Th e company enjoys extensive experience in safe collection of household w________________ 
_______ and recycling.