Материаловедение

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ 

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ  
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ  
«НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ «МИСиС» 

 

 
 
 

 

 

 

 
 

 

№ 2139 

Кафедра металловедения и физики прочности

В.Ю. Турилина 
А.Б. Рожнов 
 

Материаловедение 

 

Лабораторный практикум 

Под редакцией профессора С.А. Никулина 

Допущено учебно-методическим объединением  
по образованию в области металлургии в качестве учебного  
пособия для студентов высших учебных заведений,  
обучающихся по направлению Металлургия 

Москва  2013 

УДК 669.017 
 
Т86 

Р е ц е н з е н т  
д-р техн. наук, проф. С.В. Добаткин (ИМЕТ им. А.А. Байкова РАН) 

Турилина, В.Ю. 
Т86  
Материаловедение : лаб. 
практикум / 
В.Ю. Турилина, 
А.Б. Рожнов; под ред. С.А. Никулина. – М. : Изд. Дом МИСиС, 
2013. – 51 с. 
 

Лабораторный практикум содержит 5 работ к общим и специальным курсам металловедения и термической обработки. Цель практикума – привить 
студентам навыки распознавания макро- и микроструктуры сталей и сплавов, 
определения их характеристик. 
В пособии дается описание методов определения характеристик и обработки результатов эксперимента, а также домашнее задание и контрольные 
вопросы для проверки усвоения материала изучаемого курса. 
Пособие предназначено для бакалавров и магистров, обучающихся по 
направлениям 150100 «Материаловедение и технологии материалов», 
150400 «Металлургия», 011200 «Физика». 
 

 
© В.Ю. Турилина, 
А.Б. Рожнов, 2013 

THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE  
OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY “MISiS” 

 

 
 
 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

Department of Physical Metallurgy and the Physics of Strength

V.Yu. Turilina 
A.B. Rojnov 
 

Metal Science

 

Laboratory manual 

Edited by professor S.A. Nikulin 

 

Moscow 2013 

MISiS
PUBLISHING HOUSE 

R e v i e w e r  
Dr. Sc., Professor S.V. Dobatkin (IMET RAN) 

Turilina, V.Yu. 
 
 
Metal science : laboratory manual / V.Yu. Turilina, A.B. Rojnov; edited S.A. Nikulin. – М. : Publishing House "MISiS", 2013. – 
51 p. 
 

Laboratory manual has 5 labs for further study of the general and special 
courses on metal science and heat treatment. The purpose of the laboratory manual – to teach students to recognize the macro- and microstructure of steels and alloys, to determine their main characteristics. In the laboratory manual are described the methods for determining the characteristics of steels and alloys  
and processing of the experimental results, as well as home work and test questions  
to self-verification. 
The manual is intended for undergraduate and graduate students in areas  
of 150100 "Materials Science and Technology of Materials", 150400 "Metallurgy", 
011200 "Physics". 
 

CONTENTS 

1 General introduction 
6 
2 Laboratory works 
10 
Laboratory work N 1 The structure of annealed carbon steels 
10 
Laboratory work N 2 Effect of heat treatment  
on the microstructure and hardness of cold-worked steels 
16 
Laboratory work N 3 Effect of heat treatment  
on the microstructure and properties of overheated steels 
21 
Laboratory work N 4 Effect of heat treatment  
on mechanical properties of structural steels 
26 
Laboratory work N 5 Effect of heat treatment  
on the microstructure and hardness of tool steels 
36 
3 Home work 
44 
4 Control tests 
47 
References 
50 
 

1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 

Today steels and alloys remain the basic materials in all areas of 
modern engineering. Therefore each expert which work is connected with 
use of metal materials, anyhow have to decide a problem of a choice of  
an optimum material and technology of its processing for spesific products. 
Materials are evolving today faster than at any time in history. Industrial nations regard the development of new and improved materials as an 
“underpinning technology” – one which can stimulate innovation in all 
branches of engineering, making possible new designs for structures, appliances, engines, electrical and electronic devices, processing and energy 
conservation equipment, and much more. Many of these nations have promoted government-backed initiatives to facilitate the development and exploitation of new materials: their lists generally include “high-performance” 
composites, new engineering ceramics, high-strength polymers, glassy metals, and new high-temperature alloys for gas turbines. These initiatives are 
now being felt throughout engineering, and have already stimulated design 
of a new and innovative range of consumer products. 
So the engineer must be more aware of materials and their potential 
than ever before. Innovation, often, takes the form of replacing a component made of one material (a metal, say) with one made of another  
(a polymer, perhaps), and then redesigning the product to exploit, to the 
maximum, the potential offered by the change. The engineer must compare and weigh the properties of competing materials with precision: the 
balance, often, is a delicate one. It involves an understanding of the basic 
properties of materials; of how these are controlled in processing; of how 
materials are formed, joined and finished; and of the chain of reasoning 
that leads to a successful choice. 
Goal of this course is to provide this understanding. 
Such choice is impossible to make without knowledge of interrelations of a chemical composition, structure and properties of materials, and 
also the basic ways of the heat treatment, allowing to provide the required 
structure and properties of a materials. It is necessary to understand also 
how and in which conditions those or other machinery parts or designs are 
used, what requirements in terms of mechanical and other properties, reliability and safety at operation they have to meet. 
The discipline “Materials science” is one of the major components 
of masters training in a training direction of “Advance material science and 
Engeneering”. A discipline’s orientation is both theoretical and practical.