English for Public Administration. Английский язык для сферы государственного и муниципального управления

И.А. Иващенко



ENGLISH FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ СФЕРЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ


Учебное пособие


8-е издание, стереотипное





Москва Издательство «ФЛИНТА» 2019

УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1я73
      И24











     Иващенко И.А.
И24 English for Public Administration. Английский язык для сферы государственного и муниципального управления [Электронный ресурс] : учеб. пособие / И.А. Иващенко. — 8-е изд., стер. — М. : ФЛИНТА, 2019. — 216 с.



      ISBN 978-5-9765-0653-4


          Пособие составлено на основе аутентичных текстов из Интер нета, что помогает развить навыки владения английским языком, а также ознакомиться с организацией и работой госслужбы евро пейских стран и США. Каждая глава включает кроме текстов и за даний по специальности, деловой английский с учетом особеннос тей будущей профессии, благодаря чему можно научиться отвечать на телефонные звонки, составлять презентацию, вести перегово ры, собрания и писать официальные письма.
          Для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальности «Госу дарственное и муниципальное управление», владеющих языком на уровне Intermediate (средний).




                                                   УДК 811.111(075.8)
                                                   ББК 81.432.1я73




ISBN 978-5-9765-0653-4

         © Иващенко И.А., 2008
© Издательство «ФЛИНТА», 2008

                СОДЕРЖАНИЕ / CONTENTS





От автора............................................4

Unit 1 BASISC DEFINITIONS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION.....5
      Business English TALKING ON THE PHONE........ 18
Unit 2 SEPARATION OF POWERS.........................24
      Business English TALKING ON THE PHONE.........37
Unit 3 SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT........................43
      Business English RESERVATION..................57
Unit 4 CIVIL SERVICE................................63
      Business English PRESENTATION.................76
Unit 5 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT.........................83
      Business English RUNNING A MEETING.......... 105
Unit 6 NEGOTIATING................................ 114
      Business English NEGOTIATON................. 139
Unit 7 PR IN PUBLIC SERVICE....................... 146
      Business English FINDING A JOB.............. 169
Unit 8 PUBLIC SERVICE REFORM...................... 180
      Business English GUIDE TO BASIC OFFICIAL LETTERS.207

                От автора





   Книга «English for Public Administration» является учебным пособием для государственных служащих, а также для студентов специальных учебных заведений, владеющих языком на уровне Intermediate (средний).
   Данное учебное пособие составлено на основе аутентичных текстов, взятых из Интернета, что дает возможность не только совершенствовать навыки владения английским языком, а также узнать много полезной информации об организации и работе государственной службы европейских стран и США, сделать сравнительный анализ эффективности работы государственных служащих зарубежных стран и России.
   Структура книги предполагает овладение всеми основными видами речевой деятельности: чтения, письма, говорения и понимания на слух.
   Материал каждой главы направлен на поэтапное освоение темы и включает:
•  список слов;
•  основной текст раздела с лексико-грамматическими упражнениями, направленными на тренеровку и закрепление материала, условно-речевыми и речевыми упражнениями;
•  тексты на развитие навыков различных видов чтения, содержащие интересный материал по теме главы.
   Каждая глава включает кроме текстов по специальности, деловой английский с учетом особенностей будущей профессии. Эта часть содержит комментарии, лексико-грамматические, ролевые игры и другие виды творческих заданий для развития навыков устной и письменной речи, благодаря чему можно научиться отвечать на телефонные звонки, составлять презентацию, вести переговоры, собрания и писать официальные письма.

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                Unit 1


                BASIC DEFINITIONS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

                Word List




empirical                  эмпирический, практический        
legitimate                 законный, легитимный, легальный   
violence                   жестокость, насилие, применение   
entity                     силы                              
legal                      объект, организация               
dominion (over)            правовой, юридический, законный   
to impose                  власть                            
armed forces               облагать, налагать                
civil service (Am)         вооруженные силы                  
public service (Br)        государственная служба (объединяет
court                      всех правительственных чиновников,
to enforce                 не являющихся военнослужащими)    
to rule                    суд                               
to exert control (over)    проводить в жизнь, придавать      
autocracy [o:’tokrasi]     законную силу                     
bureaucracy [bjua’rokrasi] управлять, руководить, править,   
oligarchy [’oliga:ki]      господствовать                    
sovereignty [’sovr(a)nti]  осуществлять надзор (над чем-либо)
                           абсолютизм, автократия,           
                           самовластие, самодержавие         
                           бюрократия, бюрократизм           
                           олигархия                         
                           суверенитет, суверенное           
                           государство, верховная власть     

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anarchy |’snaki|           анархия, безвластие               
censorship                 цензура (государственный надзор   
                           за печатью и средствами массовой  
                           информации)                       
social welfare             социальное обеспечение            
command economy            централизованно управляемая       
                           экономика, административно-       
                           командная система                 
deity [’deiiti]            божество, бог                     
to claim                   требовать, предъявлять требования,
                           заявлять свои права на что-либо   
laissez-faire [leisei’fea] невмешательство                   
shop                       должность, служба, занятие        
post                       должность, положение              
benefit                    выгода, польза, прибыль,          
                           преимущество                      
to come into use           входить в употребление, начинать  
                           использование                     
to spread                  распространять(ся)                
endeavor [in’deva]         попытка, старание, стремление     
public administration      государственное администрирование;
                           управление на государственном и   
                           местном уровне                    
to encompass               заключать, охватывать, выполнять, 
                           осуществлять                      
to poll [paul]             голосовать                        
grassroots                 низовой, из низов                 
fundraising                сбор денежных средств для         
                           благотворительных, политических   
                           или иных организаций, а также для 
                           осуществления частного или        
                           общественного проекта             
public good                общественное благо                

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Text 1


            BASIC DEFINITIONS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION


    The word state has both an empirical and a juridical sense, i.e., entities can be states either defacto or dejure or both.
    Empirically (or defacto), an entity is a state if, as in Max Weber’s influential definition, it is that organization that has a monopoly on legitimate violence over a specific territory. Such an entity imposes its own legal order over a territory, even if it is not legally recognized as a state by other states. It may include the armed forces, civil service or state bureaucracy, courts, and police.
    Juridically (or dejure), an entity is a state in international law if it is recognized as such by other states, even if it does not actually have a monopoly on the legitimate use of force over a territory.
    A government is a body that has the people to make and the rulers to enforce rules and laws within a civil, corporate, religious, academic, or other organization or group. In its broadest sense, “to govern” means to rule over or supervise, whether over a state, a set group of people, or a collection of people.
    Sovereignty is the ability of a government to exert control over its territory free from outside influence. One commentator highlights the difficulty of precisely defining sovereignty, but describes it as possessing meanings including “absolute, unlimited control or power,” “a symbol of political legitimacy,” “self-determined national independence,” and “constitutional order.”
    Governments are often classified according to the number of people who hold political power.
    •  In autocracies, one individual holds all the power. This category includes absolute monarchies as well as dictatorships.
    •  In oligarchies, political power is held by a small group of people who share the same interests.
    •  Democracies are governments where the people as a whole hold the power. It may be exercised by them (direct democracy), or through representatives chosen by them (representative democracy).
    •  Anarchy is a lack of government or imposed rule.
    Governments concern themselves with regulating and administering many areas of human activity, such as trade, education, or med

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icine. Governments also employ different methods to maintain the established order, such as secrecy, censorship, police and military forces (particularly under despotism) making agreements with other states, and maintaining support within the state. Typical methods of maintaining support and legitimacy include providing the infrastructure for administration, justice, transport, communication, social welfare, etc.; claiming support from deities; providing benefits to elites; providing shops for important posts within the state; limiting the power of the state through laws and constitutions; and appealing to nationalism. The modern standard unit of territory is a country. In addition to the meaning used above, the word state can refer either to a government or to its territory. Within a territory, subnational entities may have local governments which do not have the full power of a national government (for example, they will generally lack the authority to declare war or carry out diplomacy).
    Different political ideologies hold different ideas on what the government should or should not do. One political spectrum related to the role of government is that of personal freedom, from authoritarianism to liberalism to libertarianism. Economic policy can range from a command economy to laissez-faire, with most countries using some form of mixed economy with various degrees of government involvement.
    The word “BUREAUCRACY” stems from the word “bureau,” used from the early 18th century in Western Europe not just to refer to a writing desk, but to an office, i.e. a workplace, where officials worked. The original French meaning of the word bureau was the baize used to cover desks. The term bureaucracy came into use shortly before the French Revolution of 1789, and from there rapidly spread to other countries. The Greek suffix—kratia or-kratos means “power” or “rule.” Bureaucracy thus basically means office power or office rule, the rule of the officialdom.
    There is a traditional controversy about bureaucracy, namely the perversion of means and ends so that means become ends in themselves, and the greater good is lost sight of; as a corollary, the substitution of sectional interests for the general interest. The suggestion here is that, left uncontrolled, the bureaucracy will become increasingly self-serving and, rather than serving society.
    Public administration can be broadly described as the study and implementation of policy. As a moral endeavor, public administration

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is linked to pursuing the public good through the creation of civil society and social justice. The adjective “public” often denotes “government”, though it increasingly encompasses non-governmental organizations such as those of civil society or any entity and its management not specifically acting in self-interest.
    The term “public administration” sometimes is taken to refer to bureaucracy (as in the federal administration in the USA). Although often used negatively as a term of abuse, bureaucracy is needed to perform day-to-day functions of government. Public administration and bureaucracy are, in a sense, the same thing.
    Political management is a broad category encompassing a number of activities in professional politics. The field includes campaign management, advertisement creation/purchasing, grassroots politics, strategic research, issue advocacy, lobbying, fundraising, and polling. Some consider political management to be an applied form of political science.
    Public management is a perspective on government and non-profit administration which contends that public and private-sector management are alike in most important ways. As such, there are management tools to be taught to bureaucrats—whether public or private— and those are applied to maximizing [government] efficiency and effectiveness. This is often contrasted with the study of public administration, which emphasizes the public good as well as social and cultural drivers of government that many contend make it inherently different from managing in the private sector.

EXERCISES
 1.  Translate the words and their derivatives.
     To officiate—office—officer—official—officialese—officialdom
     To implement—implementation
     To legitimize—legitimist—legitimacy—legitimization—legitimate
     To administer—administration—administrator—administrative
     To pervert—perversion—perversity—perverseness—perverse
 2.  Find the synonyms to the words from list A in list B.
     A: legal, to rule, to keep, cruelty, misuse, dominion, entity, empirical, shop, endeavor, to encompass, to enforce

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     В:  to govern, power, to put into effect, organization, post, to include, juridical, practicable, try, to maintain, violence, abuse
3.  Give the Russian equivalents to the following English word-combinations and phrases from the text.
        Influential definition; monopoly on legitimate violence over a specific territory; rules and laws; free from outside influence; making agreements; to declare war; government involvement; the rule of the officialdom; the perversion of means and ends; daytoday functions
4.  Translate the sentences paying attention to different meanings of the word “way.”
      1)  She’s come a long way in her studies.
      2)  They paused at the top of stairs, doubtful as to which way to go next.
      3)  He had his own way in the end.
      4)  I’ll find a way to do it.
      5)  She smiled in a friendly way.
      6)  They are alike in most important ways.
      7)  He is in a terrible way.
      8)  Unemployment is way above the official figure.
      9)  Way to go, Mary! You’ve done a great job!
     10) If you speak standard English anywhere round our way, people tend to view you with suspicion.
5.  Find in the text one sentence including the Absolute Participial Construction and translate it (paragraph 8).
6.  Find in the text one sentence including the Infinitive as an attribute and translate it (the last paragraph).
7.  Find in the text the sentences with “that” and “those” and translate them (paragraphs 8, 14).
8.  Find in the text the English for.
     a.  все люди
     b.  вооруженные силы

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