Санкт-Петербург : тексты и упражнения : книга I

ISBN 978-5-9925-0764-5

© Гацкевич М. А., 2001
© КАРО, 2001
Все права защищены

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81.2 Англ
 
Г 12

Гацкевич М. А.
Г 12 
 Санкт-Петербург: Тексты и упражнения. Книга I. — СПб.: КАРО, 2013. — 
192 с.: ил.

ISBN 978-5-9925-0764-5.

Предлагаемая книга является практическим пособием для изучения достопримечательностей Санкт-Петербурга.
Каждый раздел книги состоит из статьи об одной из достопримечательностей города, 
словаря и разнообразных упражнений, предназначенных для лучшего усвоения предложенного материала.
Книга рассчитана на учащихся средних классов общеобразовательных и специальных 
школ. Может быть использована как факультативный курс по теме «Санкт-Петербург».
Данная книга — первая в серии книг под общим названием «Санкт-Петербург. Тексты и 
упражнения».
Вашему вниманию предлагается также аудиоматериал к книге на диске, который может 
быть использован для более глубокого изучения материала книги.

УДК 373.+374:908
ББК 81.2 Англ

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Дорогие девочки и мальчики!

Мы с вами не раз встречались на страницах книг из се
рии «Грамматика для детей». Я уверена, что вы с успехом 

преодолеваете все трудности путешествия по стране «Анг
лийская грамматика». Наверное, пришло время побольше 

узнать о нашем прекрасном и романтичном городе — Санкт
Петербурге.

С помощью серии книг «Санкт-Петербург» вы сможете 

с успехом провести экскурсию по са мым замеча тель ным 

уголкам нашей «Северной Венеции». Освоить мате риал 

курса вам помогут за писи на диске.

Каждый раздел книги состоит из вступительной статьи, 

словарика наиболее трудных слов и, ко нечно, упражнений, 

выполнив которые, вы уви дите, что не так все сложно, и 

скажете себе: — Я всё смогу и преодолею!

Я постаралась сделать для вас всё как можно более 

доступным. От вас потребуется только труд, терпение и 

упорство. Помните английскую пословицу: Never put off 

till tomorrow what you can do today.

Автор

THE HISTORY 
OF ST. PETERSBURG
O

ne and a half thousand years ago the territory of 

today’s St. Petersburg and the adjacent lands were 

inhabited by diff erent tribes. They were Vod, Izhora 

and Korela. Then in the middle of the 8th century Slavic tribes 

came to these lands. In the 10th century these lands became 

part of Kievan Russia.

The geographic location of these lands was very convenient. 

The major trade route lay across the Gulf of Finland, along 

the Neva and Lake Ladoga. That route was called “from the 

Varangians to the Greeks”. That trade route linked Northern 

Russia to Southern and the Baltic lands and Scandinavia to 

Bizantium.

In the 12th century Kievan Russia broke up. These lands 

became a constituent of the rich Novgorod Feudal Republic.

From the 13th to the 16th centuries Sweden attempted

to occupy these lands. The Novgorodians tried to protect their 

lands. In 1323 they built the fortress of Oreshek. But soon this 

fortress was taken by the Swedes. In 1617 the Swedes constructed 

the fortress of the Nienschanz at the mouth of the river Okhta.

Thus Russia was cut off  from the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea 

was an important waterway leading to the countries of the 

Western Europe. In 1700 the war between Russia and Sweden 

for the age-old Russian lands, for an outlet to the Baltic began. 

We know this war as the Northern War. The Northern War 

lasted 21 years. It ended in 1721 with Russia’s victory.

The beginning of the war wasn’t successful. But the fortress 

Noteburg (former Oreshek) was seized by the Russian Army 

on the 11th of October in 1702. In May of 1703 the important 

strategic point was taken  by the Russian Army. It was the 

Nienschants Fortress. 

“The Window to Europe” was opened. And Peter the Great 

ordered to construct a fortress. The foundation stone of the city 

was laid by Peter I on the 16th of May (the 27th of May by new 

style) in 1703 on Zayachy island. The city began as a fortress 

and a port.

Peter I decided to move the capital from Moscow to 

St. Petersburg. In 1712 St. Petersburg was declared the new 

capital of Russia. The new city went up very fast. Peter I ordered 

to build houses only along the streets according to the plan and 

not at random. The tsar himself supervised the construction of 

the new city. The best architects, sculptors and artists created it. And 

some 20–30 years later it could compare with Europe’s largest 

cities. St. Petersburg received the poetic name of “Northern 

Venice” by its remarkable architectural ensembles. 

At present St. Petersburg is one of the most beautiful cities 

in the world.

VOCABULARY

according [A'kD:dIN] согласно, соответственно

adjacent [A'dZeIsAnt] близлежащие

age-old ['eIdZould] очень давний, древний

architectural ['a:kI'tektSArAl] архитектурный

architect ['a:kItekt] архитектор

artist ['a:tIst] художник

attempt [A'tempt] пытаться, попытка

break up [breIk Ep] слабеть, разбивать (на мелкие кус ки)

Byzantium [bI'zBntIAm] Византия

compare [kAm'pLA] сравнивать, выдерживать срав не ние

convenient [kAn'vi:njAnt] удобный, подходящий

constituent [kAn'stItjuAnt] составная часть

construct [kAn'strEkt] строить, воздвигать

create [kri:'eIt] создавать, творить

cut off [kEtDf] отрезать

declare [dI'klLA] объявлять

decide [dI'sCId] решать

end [end] заканчивать

ensemble [a:n'sa:mbl] ансамбль

fortress ['fD:trIs] крепость

foundation [fCun'deISAn] основание

former ['fD:mA] прежний, бывший

Greek [Mri:k] грек

Gulf of Finland [MElf Df 'finlAnd] Финский залив

inhabit [In'hBbIt] жить, обитать, населять

last [la:st] продолжаться

land [lBnd] земля

lay [leI] положить начало

leading ['li:dIN] ведущий, руководящий

location [lAu'keISAn] нахождение

link [lInk] соединять

major ['meIdZA] большой

move [mu:v] переезжать, переселяться

Novgorod Feudal Republic ['fju:dl rI'pEblIk] Новгород ская феодальная 

республика

Northern ['nDGAn] северный

occupy ['okjupaI] захватывать (земли), занимать

order ['D:dA] приказывать

outlet ['Cutlet] выход, отдушина

point [pDInt] указывать

present ['preznt]; at present в настоящее время

protect [prA'tekt] защищать

random ['rBndAm] беспорядочный, случайный

receive [ri'sI:v] получать

remarkable [rI'mC:kAbl] замечательный, удивитель ный

route [ru:t] путь, дорога

Scandinavian ['skBndI'neIvIAn]  скандинавский

sculptor ['skElptA] скульптор

seize [sI:z] захватывать (крепость, город)

Slavic ['slBvIk] славянский

southern ['sEGAn] южный

strategic [strA'ti:dZIk] стратегический

successful [sAk'sesful] успешный

supervise ['sju:pAvCIz] наблюдать, смотреть, надзирать

trade [treId] торговля, торговый

tribe [trCIb] племя

tsar [zC:] царь

Varangian [vA'rBndZIAn] варяг

victory ['vIktArI] победа

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

 
1. Who inhabited the territory of today’s St. Petersburg and 

the adjacent lands one and a half thousand years ago?

 
2. What tribes came to these lands in the middle of the 

8th century?

 
3. What state did these lands belong to in the 10th century?

 
4. How good was the geographic location of these lands?

 
5. What route lay across these lands?

 
6. What was that route called?

 
7. What lands did that route link?

 
8. When did Kievan Russia break up?

 
9. What state did these lands belong to from the 12th to the 

14th centuries?

 10. What state attempted to capture these lands from the 13th 

to the 16th centuries?

 11. Who tried to protect these lands?

 12. When was the fortress of Oreshek built?

 13. Who seized the fortress of Oreshek?

 14. Who constructed the fortress of Nienschanz? 

 15. Where was the fortress of Nienschanz constructed?

 16. Why was Russia cut off  from the countries of Western 

Europe?

 17. When did the Northern War begin?

 18. What countries took part in the Northern War?

 19. Why did the Northern War begin?

20. How long did the Northern War last?

 21. When did the Northern War end?

 22. Who was the victor in the Northern War?

 23. When was the fortress Noteburg (former Oreshek) seized 

by the Russian Army?

 24. When did the Russian Army took the Nienschantz 

Fortress?

 25. When was the foundation stone of the new city laid?

 26. Where was the foundation stone of the new city laid?

 27. When was St. Petersburg declared the new capital of 

Russia?

 28. What poetic name did St. Petersburg receive?

 29. What did St. Petersburg receive this poetic name?

 30. How did Peter I order to built houses in the new city?

 31. Who supervised the construction in the new city?

 32. What architects, sculptors and artists created the new 

city?

READ THE FIRST PART OF SENTENCE IN A 

AND FIND THE SECOND PART IN B:

 A

 1. One and half thousand 

years ago the territory of 

today’s St. Petersburg and 

the adjacent lands…

 В

 … Kievan Russia.

 … leading to the countries 

of Western Europe.