English for Computer Science Students

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Unit I. 
Hobby, Addiction, or Future Job?

Prereading Discussion

1. What is the computer? Computers are now widespread (commonplace), aren’t they?
2. Did you learn about computers through science fiction, paperbacks, 
and movies like 2001: A Space Odyssey?
3. How old were you when you learnt about the computer?
4. What are the reasons for buying home computers?
5. Do you like playing on the computer?
6. What are your favorite video games (shoot’em-up, walk-through, 
role-playing games (RPG), or intellectual games?
7. How often do you work with the computer?
8. Does good knowledge of English help to operate the computer 
better?
9. Do you agree that English is a lifetime study and may serve a variety 
of purposes? What are they?
10. Who can be called a computer wizard? Do you attribute his/her 
success to hard work or talent?

11. Under what method do you study computers and English (in class, 
at home)? What are your  study habits?
12. Why do you think you’ll be good for  a computer  job?
13. Are you baffled by computer  language? Wary of the World Wide 
Web? This quiz will help  you œhackB terms you may encounter  
while surfing the Internet.

1. cursor, n O        A: coarse speaker. B: indicator. C: moneychanger. 
 
 
      D: technician.
2. network, n O       A: TV channel. B: digital design. 
 
 
      C: system of computers. D: filter.
3. download, v O     A: to copy. B: scramble. C: erase. D: belittle.
4. virus, n O  
      A: flaw. B: poison. C: fatigue. D: infection.
5. browser, n O       software that allows you to A: explore the Internet. 
 
 
      B: eavesdrop. C: send a fax. D: save a file.
6. cracker, n O      A: fanatic. B: intruder. C: burglar. D: expert.
7. hit, n O  
     A: accident. B: stumbling block. 
 
 
     C: unit of measurement. D: visit.
8. authenticate, v O  A: to fade. B: complicate. C: confirm. D: test.
9. emoticon, n O    A: robot. B: radiation. C: trick. D: illustration.
10. boot, v O        A: to fail gradually. B: enlarge. C: adjust. 
 
 
      D: start up.
11. server, n O       A: central computer. B: speed control. 
 
 
      C: power  supply. D: trouble-shooter.
12. modem, n O     A: digital code. B: keyboard. C: visual display. 
 
 
      D: connecting device.
13. glitch, n O        A: flash. B: excitement. C: error. D: stroke of luck.
14. compress, v O  A: to shrink. B: understand. C: fix. D: soften.
15. pixel, n O        A: picture element. B: programming oddity. 
 
 
      C: brief blur. D: long delay.
16. link, n O        A: missing piece. B: space station. 
 
 
      C: related site. D: warning signal.
17. scanner, n O    machine that A: reproduces images. 
 
 
       B: translates files. C: searches a document. 
 
                      D: adds color.
18. log on, v O         A: to pile. B: gain access. C: waste time. D: stretch.
19. shareware, n O  A: hand-me-down clothing. B: free hardware. 
 
 
       C: relic. D: trial software.
20. gigabyte, n O     A: sudden shutdown. B: unit of storage. 
 
 
       C: wide gap. D: high pressure.

Reading Analysis

VOCABULARY LIST

Nouns: miracle, male/female, survey, statement, praise, item, 
gimmick, attitude (to), concern, score, addict, quest, access (to), 
overload.
Verbs: to deliver, to conscript, to spread, to overtake, to mess, to appreciate, to earn, to interfere, to complicate, to proliferate, to curtail, 
to confess to.
Adjectives: competitive, ambitious, vague, sensible, virtual, contemporary, brand-new, up-to-date, out-of-date, online.
Word combinations: vintage car, catch phrase, to surf the Internet, 
to be suspicious, to leave behind, to get frustrated.

TEXT I. COMPUTER STUDIES?

(1)  If you’re female, you’re going to read this article and feel smug. 
If you are male, you might feel a desire to use the article to wrap  
up  your  old chewing gum or  just get annoyed and play a computer  game.
(2)  According to a recent report, in Britain girls are overtaking boys at 
school. They are even beating them in subjects such as science and 
maths, which people used to think were subjects that boys were 
naturally better  at. Surveys show there could be several reasons for  
this. Boys and girls behave very differently from each other  both in 
and out of school.
(3)  In school, statistics show boys mess about more and get into trouble 
more. Admittedly, they put up  their  hand to answer  questions more 
but they often have the wrong answer. The girls who were interviewed 
said they often knew the correct answer  but didn’t like to put up  
their  hand if they weren’t absolutely sure. The survey also showed 
girls spent much longer  doing homework and checking it with each 
other. Boys may argue that these things do not make girls more intelligent than boys and in some boys’ opinions may even make many 
girls look like swots. However, these things do show that girls have 
a different attitude to school than boys. Girls are becoming much 
more competitive and ambitious.

(4)  Experts believe that some boys are spending so much time playing 
computer  games and watching violent films that they are living in 
a fantasy world. When girls talk about using home computers, they 
often discuss different types of software that they use for  learning. 
Boys simply talk about computer  games. When 14-year-old girls were 
asked what they would like to do in the future, they mentioned 
realistic jobs such as vet, teacher  or  doctor. The boys’ ans-wers 
were either  very vague such as, œI just want to be happy and have 
lots of moneyB or  unrealistic and they said things such as, œI want 
to be a fighter  pilot.B Their  answers were considered worrying because they did not seem very sensible and did not show any concern 
about unemployment. However, some people might believe that 14 
is too young to worry anyhow. Also, the truth is that the majority 
of œtop  jobsB in England are still done by men so many might not 
see the need to worry. The good news is that after  the age of 17, 
many boys become interested in school again and their  exam results 
show that they have caught up. The problem is just keeping them 
interested until then...
(5)  A lot of knowledge is a dangerous thing for  addicts of the Internet. 
Information is becoming the drug of the new century.
(6)  The research, conducted among 1000 managers in Britain, America, Europe and the Far  East shows that, as information sources 
such as the Internet and cable news channels proliferate, we are 
witnessing the rise of a generation of dataholics.
(7)  The quest for  information can lead to stress. Almost two-thirds said 
their  leisure time had been curtailed as a result of having to work 
late to cope with vast amounts of information; 70 percent reported 
loss of job satisfaction and tension with colleagues because of information overload.
(8)  The study also investigated the habits of the children of 300 managers and found 55 per  cent of parents were concerned their  children 
would become information junkies.
(9)  Forty-six per  cent of parents believed their  children spent more 
time on their  PCs than interacting with friends. In one case a child 
had to be wheeled with his computer  to the dinner  table.
(10)  Sue Feldman, mother  of Alexander, 13, a self-confessed Internetaddict, said she had not yet been forced to wheeling her  son and 
computer  to the table, but said she often served him sandwiches 
and crisps at his bedroom computer.
(11)  Alexander  switches on his computer  every day when he returns 
from Latymer  School in Hammersmith to his home at Ealing, west 

London. œI’d confess to spending up  to four  hours a day on the 
Internet looking for  information and speaking to friends. It’s like 
an addiction,B Alexander  said.
(12)  œIf I can’t get on to my computer  or  the Internet, I do get really frustrated.B He spends most of his time finding out the latest 
information on pop  groups and facts for  his homework.
(13)  œMy parents have to tell me to get off the computer, and they 
complain a lot, but they also see it as a good thing. Practically everyone in my class has a PC with Internet access so all my friends 
are also on-line. It’s the way forward.B

EXERCISES

I. The statements below were other results of the survey. 
Write G if you think the statement might refer to girls and B 
if you think it could refer to boys.

1. Learn to speak earlier.
2. Get nervous if there is a pause in the conversation between friends.
3. Take more risks.
4. Are spoken to more by parents.
5. Normally get more praise at school if they do something well.
6. Smoke more.

II. How modern are you? (pop quiz)

1. If you were able to have any car  you wanted, what would you buy?
a)  I’d buy a restored vintage car  that might become a collector’s item.
b)  I’d buy a newly built car  with all the latest technology.
c)  I wouldn’t buy a car  because I don’t like them.
2. What is your  attitude to new scientific developments?
a)  They’re brilliant. They will help  to make the world a muchhappier  and better  place.
b)  We know enough about science now. We should stop  
interfering with nature.
c)  Some things are good. Some things are bad.
3. How do you speak?
a)  I use a lot of new words, slang and catch phrases from the 
television and magazines.
b)  I use exactly the same words and phrases as my parents.
c)  I use a few new words because they are useful for  what I 
want to say.

4. Which of the following do you think is the most enjoyable?
a)  Playing virtual reality computer  games.
b)  Going to a disco/club that plays music from the 60s and 70s.
c)  Listening to techno music.
5. Which of the following would be your  preferred way of finding out 
information?
a)  I like looking it up  in a book.
b)  Surfing the Internet or  using a CD-Rom is the best way.
c)  Watching a video is best.
6. You go to a friend’s house. Their  mother  earns a lot of money and 
works and their  father  stays at home, cooks and cleans. What is 
your  reaction?
a)  Nothing. It doesn’t matter  who works and who cleans. It’s 
the 90s.
b)  A bit surprised. It seems a bit strange because it’s unusual.
c)  The poor  man. Cooking and cleaning is a woman’s job.
7. Which of the following types of books or  films do you prefer?
a)  Historical ones.
b)  Anything romantic.
c)  Contemporary ones about modern day things.
8. If your  computer  was six years old and worked perfectly well, which 
of the following would you do?
a)  I’d buy a brand new one so I could have new technology.
b)  I wouldn’t do anything. I’d be happy with it. New technology is just gimmicks.
c)  I’d secretly hope it would break, despite the fact that I 
didn’t need a new computer.

ADD UP  YOUR SCORE AND READ THE ANALYSIS

 
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THE ANALYSIS

8O11: You are not modern at all and you don’t want to be. You are 
suspicious of new things and don’t make an effort to find out about them. 
You would prefer  to live in the past. It’s nice that you can appreciate 
the simple things in life but you must be careful not to get left behind. 
You are too traditional.
12O16: You are not very modern but you are not completely oldfashioned either. You like to live in a world that has the good things from 
the past and some of the good things from the present too.
17O20: You are modern. You know a lot about what is happening 
around you and obviously enjoy progress. On the other  hand, you are 
sensible and don’t worry about buying and doing all the latest things just 
because they are fashionable.
21O24: Yes. You are very modern. Being up-to-date is very important 
to you. Sometimes perhaps it is too important. Remember  that new things 
are not always the best things. Be careful not to become obsessed with 
every new thing that comes along. Some things are just clever  marketing 
crazes that will complicate your  life.

TEXT II. COMPUTER SYSTEMS

(1)  Computers can be divided into three main types, depending on 
their  size and power.
(2)  Mainframe computers are the largest and most powerful. They can 
handle large amounts of information very quickly and can be used 
by many people at the same time. They usually fill a whole room and 
are sometimes referred to as mainframes or  computer  installations. 
They are found in large institutions like universities and government 
departments.
(3)  Minicomputers, commonly known as minis, are smaller  and less 
powerful than mainframes. They are about the size of an office desk 
and are usually found in banks and offices. They are becoming less 
popular  as microcomputers improve.
(4)  Microcomputers, commonly known as micros, are the smallest and 
least powerful. They are about the size of a typewriter. They can handle 
smaller  amounts of information at a time and are slower  than the 
other  two types. They are ideal for  use as home computers and are 
also used in education and business. More powerful microcomputers 
are gradually being produced; therefore they are becoming the most 
commonly used type of computers.

(5)  A computer  can do very little until it is given some information. 
This is known as the input and usually consists of a program and 
some data.
(6)  A program is a set of instructions, written in a special computer  
language, telling the computer  what operations and processes have 
to be carried out and in what order  they should be done. Data, 
however, is the particular  information that has to be processed by 
the computer, e.g. numbers, names, measurements. Data brought out 
of the computer  is known as the output.

EXAMPLE: A computer  calculating 3 +  4 = 7 uses the following 
program and data:
PROGRAM  
 
Add two numbers then display the result.
INPUT DATA  
3, 4
OUTPUT DATA  7

(7)  When a program is run, i.e. put into operation, the computer  executes 
the program step  by step  to process the data. The same program 
can be used with different sets of data.
(8)  Information in the form of programs and data is called software, 
but the pieces of equipment making up  the computer  system are 
known as hardware.
(9)  The most important item of hardware is the CPU (Central Processing Unit). This is the electronic unit at the center  of the computer  
system. It contains the processor  and the main memory.
(10)  The processor  is the brain of the computer. It does all the processing 
and controls all the other  devices in the computer  system.
(11)  The main memory is the part of the computer  where programs 
and data being used by the processor  can be stored. However  it only 
stores information while the computer  is switched on and it has a 
limited capacity.
(12)  All the other  devices in the computer  system, which can be connected to the CPU, are known as peripherals. These include input 
devices, output devices and storage devices.
(13)  An input device is a peripheral, which enables information to be 
fed into the computer. The most commonly used input device is a 
keyboard, similar  to a typewriter  keyboard.
(14)  An output device is a  peripheral, which enables information to 
be brought out of the computer, usually to display the processed 
data. The most commonly used output device is a specially adapted 
television known as a monitor  or  VDU (Visual Display Unit). An