Английский язык

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

«МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

Е.В. Бессонова 

О.А. Просяновская 

И.К. Кириллова

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ

ЯЗЫК 

Учебное пособие

для студентов бакалавриата  
по направлению подготовки  
08.03.01 «Ñòðîèòåëüñòâî»

Москва 2017

2-å èçäàíèå (ýëåêòðîííîå)

УДК 811.111
ББК 81.2Англ
          Б53

Р е ц е н з е н т ы :

кандидат педагогических наук Е.А. Алешугина,  
доцент кафедры иностранных языков Нижегородского государственного 

архитектурно-строительного университета (ННГАСУ);

кандидат педагогических наук Н.С. Мерзлякова,  доцент 
кафедры общих гуманитарных и социальных дисциплин 

Кумертауского филиала ФГБОУ ВПО  
«Оренбургский государственный университет»;
кандидат филологических наук Я.В. Зубкова, 

доцент кафедры иностранных языков  
и профессиональной коммуникации ФГБОУ ВПО «МГСУ»

Бессонова, Е.В. 

Б53    Английский язык [[Ýëåêòðîííûé ðåñóðñ]]: учебное пособие / Å.Â. Áåññîíîâà, Î.À. Ïðîñÿíîâñêàÿ, È.Ê. Êèðèëëîâà ; Ì-âî îáðàçîâàíèÿ è íàóêè 
Ðîñ. Ôåäåðàöèè, Ìîñê. ãîñ. ñòðîèò. óí-ò. — 2-å èçä. (ýë.). — Ýëåêòðîí. 
òåêñòîâûå äàí. (1 ôàéë pdf : 97 ñ.). — Ì. : Èçäàòåëüñòâî ÌÈÑÈ—
ÌÃÑÓ, 2017. — Ñèñòåì. òðåáîâàíèÿ: Adobe Reader XI ëèáî Adobe Digital 
Editions 4.5 ; ýêðàí 10".

ISBN  978-5-7264-1628-4

Содержит широкий спектр упражнений по конкретной тематике, обогащающий словарный запас специальной технической лексики студентов, информирует о 
составлении устного и письменного высказывания. Грамматические упражнения 
способствуют углублению знаний английской грамматики, развитию навыков осознанного употребления грамматических форм, а также дают возможность изучающим язык самостоятельно совершенствовать свои знания английской грамматики. 
   Для бакалавров, îáó÷àþùèõñÿ ïî íàïðàâëåíèþ ïîäãîòîâêè 08.03.01 «Ñòðîèòåëüñòâî».

УДК 811.111
ББК 81.2Англ

ISBN 978-5-7264-1628-4
        © ФГБОУ ВПО «МГСУ», 2014 

Деривативное электронное издание на основе печатного издания: Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê: 
учебное пособие / Å.Â. Áåññîíîâà, Î.À. Ïðîñÿíîâñêàÿ, È.Ê. Êèðèëëîâà ; Ì-âî 
îáðàçîâàíèÿ è íàóêè Ðîñ. Ôåäåðàöèè, Ìîñê. ãîñ. ñòðîèò. óí-ò. — М. : Издательство МИСИ—МГСУ, 2014. — 96 с. — ISBN 978-5-7264-0930-6.

 ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñî ñò. 1299 è 1301 ÃÊ ÐÔ ïðè óñòðàíåíèè îãðàíè÷åíèé, óñòàíîâëåííûõ 
òåõíè÷åñêèìè ñðåäñòâàìè çàùèòû àâòîðñêèõ ïðàâ, ïðàâîîáëàäàòåëü âïðàâå òðåáîâàòü îò 
íàðóøèòåëÿ âîçìåùåíèÿ óáûòêîâ èëè âûïëàòû êîìïåíñàöèè.

Unit one

SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS OF THE PAST

1. Answer the questions.

1. What discoveries in the history of mankind do you regard as

break-throughs?

2. What inventions in the history of mankind do you regard as most

important?

3. Which of the centuries in your opinion saw the greatest inventions

and discoveries?

4. Can you remember any well-known scientists, explorers, inventors

and discoverers?

5. What makes the work of a scientist dull on the one hand and exciting

on the other?

2. What do these abbreviations stand for? Match the abbreviations
with the full forms (1-9) below. What are these measurements used for? 
Why are Arabic numbers used in mathematics?

cm kg l ml g (x)2 (x)3 km  m

centimetre /’sentımi:tә/      metre/’mi:tә/
cubic /’kju:bik/         gram /græm/
kilogram/’kılәgræm/       litre/’li:tә/
kilometre/’kılәmi:tә/       millilitre /’mılıli:tә/
square /skweә/

3. How do you say these numbers in English? Write your answers.
1.
462

2.
2 1/2

3.
2,345

4.
6.75

5.
0.25

6.
3 2/3

7.
1, 250,000

8.
10.04

9.
47%

10. 3 July
11. 602 8477 (phone number)

12. –5° centigrade
13. In 1996
14. In 2006
15. In 847

4. Answer these questions. Write your answers in words.
When were you born?
How much do you weigh?
What is your phone number?
What is the approximate population of your country?
What is the normal temperature of a healthy person?
How many kilometers are there in a mile?

5. Match each metric measurement with its equivalent.
0°C
1 dm3

weight of 1 L water
1,000 kg of water
1,000 m
1/10 m
1/100 m
1/1000m
10 m
100°C
1 m
10 dm

l/10mth of the earth’s circumference
1 kg
1 dm
1 mm
l m
boiling point of water
1 cm
freezing point of water
100 dm
volume of 1 L water
1 t
1 km

6. What do you know about the metric measurement system? Work 
with a partner and discuss these questions.
1.
In which country was the metric system developed: the USA, France, 
or Greece? 

2.
How did people decide how long a metre should be?

3.
How big is a decimetre: 1/10 of a metre or 10 metres?

4.
What’s another definition of the volume of a cubic decimetre

5.
How much does a litre of water weigh? And how much do a thousand 
litres of water weigh?

6.
Which countries don’t use the metric system of measurements? 

7.
How many non-metric units of measurement can you name?

7. Read this article and check your answers. 

Measuring the world

Back in the eighteenth century, French scientists wanted to create an 

ideal system of measurement. To ensure that measurement units would 
remain the same from place to place, they looked for constants in nature 
to form the basis of a new system. At that time they believed the circumference of the earth never changed, so they based the unit of length on the 
earth’s polar quadrant. The distance from the equator to the pole was calculated and divided by ten million. That measurement became the metre, 
the foundation of the metric system.

Multiples of ten are core to the metric system. A thousand metres is a 

kilometre and on a descending scale, a tenth of a metre is a decimetre, a 
hundredth is a centimetre, and a thousandth is a millimetre. The litre was 
defined as a volume equal to a cubic decimetre and weights were also 
derived from natural constants. One kilogram was the mass of one litre 
of water at its melting point. So a thousand litres of water at zero degrees 
Celsius weighs 1,000 kg, or one metric tonne.

The International System of Units is the modern form of the metric sys
tem and its units of measurement are used in science and business around 
the world. The USA, however, is a significant exception. Non-metric 
(imperial) measurements that date back historically to connections with 
Britain are still widely used. So the weather forecast tells you the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and people generally think in terms of old 
measurements like ounces and yards.

In the UK, metric measurement now dominates, but there are still areas 

of life where people use old imperial measurements. So someone might 
describe their height in terms of feet and inches, or their weight in terms 
of stones and pounds. They might talk about the fuel consumption of their 
cars in terms of miles per gallon, and in British pubs, people still buy their 
beer in pints.

8. Answer these questions.
1.
What fraction of the earth’s polar quadrant is a metre?

2.
What number do you have to multiply a metre by to get a kilometre?

3.
What number do you have to divide a metre by to get a decimetre?

4.
How many examples of imperial measurements can you find in the 
article?

9. What do the non-metric quantities measure? Tick the correct box.

weight
volume
pressure
temperature
length/
height

degrees 
 Fahrenheit
foot
gallon
inch
ounce
pint
pound
stone
yard
pounds per 
 square inch

10. Complete the table.
DIMENSIONS
Noun
Adjective
Questions

length
long
How long is it?
What’s the length?

wide
high/tall

depth
weight
What’s the weight? 
How heavy is it?
How much does it weigh?

11. Using nouns and adjectives from the table write down the dimensions of the field and the swimming pool.

12. Match these non-metric measurements to their metric equivalents.
1 mile
100 mph
3.94 inches
2,205 lb
10 feet
0° Fahrenheit
10 mpg
100 hp
1 ounce
1 British pint

1 metric tonne
11.7 L/100 kilometers
1.6 kilometres
56.8 centilitres
3.05 metres
74.6 kW
160 km/h
100 mm
–17.8°Celsius
28 gm

13. Complete the sentences with the following words:

area, capacity, distance, length, liquid (quantity), speed, weight, height

1.
The ......... of the Eiffel Tower in Paris is about three hundred meters.

2.
The ......... of the Charles Bridge in Prague is five hundred and sixteen 
metres.

3.
The surface ......... of Lake Balaton is five hundred and ninety-three 
square kilometers.

4.
The maximum ......... limit on express ways in Poland is one hundred 
and ten kilometres per hour.

5.
The ......... of the bell in Dubrovnik’s city tower is two thousand 
kilograms.

6.
The .................. between Bratislava and Budapest is about two hundred 
kilometres.

7.
A magnum champagne bottle can hold one point five litres of .........

8.
The engine ......... of a Formula One car is three thousand cubic 
centimetres.

14. Put these standard international (SI) units into the correct column. 
Look at the pronunciation of the words in English and say them.
ampere, Celsius, curie, hertz, joule, kelvin, newton, ohm, pascal, volt, watt

Chemistry
 Electricity
Physics
Temperature

15. Complete the definitions below with the units and the people in 
the box.
ampere, Celsius, curie, hertz, joule, kelvin, newton, ohm, pascal, volt, watt

André Marie Ampère (1775–1836) 
Anders Celsius (1701–1744) 
Marie Curie (1867–1934) 
Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894)
James Prescott Joule (1818–1889) 
Lord Kelvin (1824–1907)
Georg Simon Ohm (1787–1854) 
Blaise Pascal (1623–1662)
Sir Isaac Newton (1643–1727) 
Count Alessandro Volta (1745–1827) 
James Watt (1736–1819)

1.
A is a unit of pressure equal to one newton per square metre named after 
......... a French scientist.

2.
A .................. is a unit of force named after .................. an English 
mathematician.

3.
.................. is the temperature scale that has the freezing point of water 
as 0°С and the boiling point as 100°C. The scale was developed by 
a Swedish astronomer, ...................

4.
A .................. is an amount of electric power. It is equal to one joule per 
second. It’s named after .................. , a Scottish engineer and inventor.

5.
A.................. is a unit of electric force named after .................., anItalian 
physicist and pioneer in the study of electricity.

6.
An .................. is a unit of electric current named after .................. 
a French mathematician and physicist, a pioneer in electrodynamics.

7.
An .................. is a unit of electrical resistance named after .................. 
a German physicist.

8.
A .................. is a unit of energy named after a British physicist.

9.
..................  is the temperature scale that registers absolute zero (–273.15 
C) as 0°K. It’s named after .................. a British scientist.

10. A .................. is a frequency equal to one cycle per second named after 

.................. a German physicist.

11. A ....................... is a unit of radioactivity. It’s named after .................. 

a Polish-born chemist who discovered radioactivity in several elements.

16. Work in pairs. Practise asking and answering questions with a 
partner. 
A — Use the information below.
В — Use the information on page 19.
A: Ask В for the information you need to complete the sentences and answer the questions.
1.
Example: How wide is the English channel at its narrowest point?

2.
The English channel is only..............wide at its narrowest point.

3.
The Trans-Canada highway is 7,699 km long.

4.
Light travels at a speed of around.............. .

5.
Because of cosmic dust falling from space, the Earth’s weight increases 
by about 10 tonnes every day.

6.
A human hair is strong enough to lift a weight of ........... .

7.
The East Rand mine in South Africa is 3.9 km deep.

8.
The Taipei 101 building in Taiwan is ........... high.

9.
A redwood tree can grow to a height of over 100 m.

10. The length of a day on Venus is .................. .
11. An Olympic swimming pool is at least 2 m deep.
12. The average weight of a male chimpanzee is ........... .
13. The Blue Bridge in St Petersburg is the widest bridge in the world. It’s 

97.3 m wide.

17. Read the text. Match the bold words in the text to the labels on 
the picture.
Leonardo da Vinci

In the 1400s, long before the metric system was invented, Leonardo da 

Vinci wanted to make the connection between measurements and nature. 
His famous ‘Vitruvian Man’ drawing shows the connections between various measurements. At da Vinci’s time, both cubit and pace were common 
measurements of length. The notes around the drawing indicate that:
— a palm1 is the width of four fingers
— a foot2 is the width of four palms (about 12 inches).
— a cubit is the width of six palms.
— a man’s height is four cubits (and thus 24 palms).
— a pace is four cubits.
— the length of a man’s outspread arms3 is equal to his height.
— the distance from the hairline4 to the bottom of the chin5 is one tenth of a 

man’s height.

— the distance from the top of the head to the bottom of the chin is one 

eighth of a man’s height.

— the maximum width of the shoulders6 is a quarter of a man’s height.
— the distance from the elbow7 to the tip of the hand is one fifth of a man’s 

height.

— the distance from the elbow to the armpit8 is one eighth of a man’s height.
— the length of the hand is one tenth of a man’s height.
— the distance from the bottom of the chin to the nose is one third of the 

length of the head.

— the distance from the hairline to the eyebrows9 is one third of the length 

of the face.

— the length of the ear is one third of the length of the face.

.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

a

b

c
d

e

f
g

i

h