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Legal English for Graduate Students: Visual Reference Materials: Английский юридический язык для магистрантов: Рисунки, схемы, таблицы.
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Тематика:
Английский язык
Издательство:
НИЦ ИНФРА-М
Автор:
Попов Евгений Борисович
Год издания: 2017
Кол-во страниц: 85
Возрастное ограничение: 16+
Дополнительно
Вид издания:
Практическое пособие
Уровень образования:
ВО - Магистратура
ISBN-онлайн: 978-5-16-106221-0
Артикул: 672659.01.99
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Пособие предназначается для слушателей магистратуры по
направлению подготовки "Юриспруденция”. Книга содержит
дополнительные материалы в виде рисунков, схем и таблиц по всем
тематическим блокам учебного пособия для магистрантов-юристов
"Профессиональный иностранный язык: английский язык” (автор: Е.Б.
Попов).
Тематика:
ББК:
УДК:
ОКСО:
- ВО - Бакалавриат
- 40.03.01: Юриспруденция
- ВО - Магистратура
- 40.04.01: Юриспруденция
- ВО - Специалитет
- 40.05.02: Правоохранительная деятельность
- 40.05.03: Судебная экспертиза
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Е.Б. Попов Legal English for Graduate Students: Visual Reference Materials: Английский юридический язык для магистрантов: Рисунки, схемы, таблицы Москва Инфра-М 2017
Е.Б. Попов Legal English for Graduate Students: Visual Reference Materials: Английский юридический язык для магистрантов: Рисунки, схемы, таблицы Москва Инфра-М; Znanium.com 2017
УДК 811.11(07) ББК 81(Англ)я73 А64 Попов, Е.Б. Legal English for Graduate Students: Visual Reference Materials: Английский юридический язык для магистрантов: Рисунки, схемы, таблицы: пособие / Е.Б. Попов. – М.: Инфра-М; Znanium.com, 2017. – 85 с. ISBN 978-5-16-106221-0 (online) Пособие предназначается для слушателей магистратуры по направлению подготовки “Юриспруденция”. Книга содержит дополнительные материалы в виде рисунков, схем и таблиц по всем тематическим блокам учебного пособия для магистрантов-юристов “Профессиональный иностранный язык: английский язык” (автор: Е.Б. Попов). ISBN 978-5-16-106221-0 (online) © Е.Б. Попов, 2017
УДК 811.11(07) ББК 81(Англ)я73 А64 Рекомендовано редакционно-издательским советом Оренбургского института (филиала) Московского государственного юридического университета имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА) А64 Legal English for Graduate Students: Visual Reference Materials: Английский юридический язык для магистрантов: Рисунки, схемы, таблицы. /Наглядные материалы к учебному пособию “Профессиональный иностранный язык: английский язык” для слушателей магистратуры по направлению подготовки “Юриспруденция”. Автор-составитель: Попов Е.Б.– Оренбург: Оренбургский институт (филиал) Университета имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА), 2018.– 85 с. Пособие предназначается для слушателей магистратуры по направлению подготовки “Юриспруденция”. Книга содержит дополнительные материалы в виде рисунков, схем и таблиц по всем тематическим блокам учебного пособия для магистрантов-юристов “Профессиональный иностранный язык: английский язык” (автор: Е.Б. Попов). УДК 811.11(07) ББК 81(Англ)я73 © Попов Е.Б., 2018
CONTENTS CONTENTS ……………………………………………………………............... INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………....... HIGHER EDUCATION AND STUDYING LAW Higher Education: Certificates, Diplomas, and Degrees …………….. Bachelor's Degree Classification: International Comparisons ......... Chart Comparing Solicitors and Barristers (England and Wales) .... Routes to Becoming a Solicitor ……………………………………………. Route to the Bar ……………………………………………………………… How to Become an Attorney (USA) ………………………..................... Best Law Schools in the USA ……………………………………………… LAW AND ITS SOURCES Main Branches of Civil and Common Law ………………………......... Overview of Sources of Law in the UK ………………………................ Precedent ……………………………………………….............................. Sources of Law in the USA ………………………………………………..... Hierarchy of Law in the USA ………………………………………………. How to Read Citations ……………………………………………….......... CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Classifying Constitutions ………………………………………………...... Characteristics of Written and Unwritten Constitutions ………….... British Constitution Compared with Others ………………………....... Key Principles of Public Law in the UK ……………………….............. Sources of the British Constitution ………………………................... Political System in the UK ……………………………………………….. 3 Branches of U.S. Government …………………………….................. Separation of Powers: the UK and the USA Compared …………….... Administrative Agencies (USA) …………………………………………….. Overview of Administrative Rulemaking Process ……………………… Administrative Tribunals (The UK) ……………………….................... Decentralisation of Public Power ………………………....................... Controls on Local Government (The UK) ………………………............ CIVIL LAW AND PROCEDURE Common Types of Civil Lawsuit ………………………......................... Main Types of Obligation ………………………………………………....... Differences between Law and Equity ………………………................. Stages of a Typical Civil Lawsuit ………………………....................... Possible Responses to a Claim Which Has Been Served ……………. Comparison of Civil and Criminal Law ……………………….............. Steps in a Civil Case – Before Trial ……………………….................... Trial-Preparation Checklist for a Paralegal ……………………….......... Common Motions Made in Civil Cases ………………………............... Paralegal as Legal Assistant at Trial: a Brief Look ……………………. Steps in a Civil Case – Jury Trial ………………………....................... Civil Remedies ………………………………………………...................... 3 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 18 19 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 28 28 29 30 31 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
Civil Remedy: Damages ………………………………………………......... Steps in a Civil Case – After Trial ………………………....................... FORMS OF BUSINESS Major Forms of Business Compared ……………………….................. Benefits and Drawbacks of Different Types of Business Entities ..... Types of Businesses by the Kinds of Activities They Perform .......... Twelve Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs ………………... Functions of Business ………………………………………………........... Areas of the Law That May Affect Business Decision Making .......... Franchisee’s Duties and Responsibilities ………………………........... Important Consequences of Being a Partner ………………………...... Statutory Powers of a Limited Liability Company (USA) …………..... Principal Characteristics of Corporations (USA) ………………………. Checklist: Starting a Corporation ………………………………………… Steps in the Incorporation Process ……………………….................... Management Functions ………………………………………………......... Management Structure of Corporations ………………………............. Management Structure of Typical Publicly Held Corporation .......... Enterprise Organizational Chart ………………………………………..... Types of Stocks ………………………………………………..................... Shareholders’ Powers, Rights and Liabilities ………………………...... What is Their Role? ………………………………………………............... Rights, Duties and Liabilities of Directors and Officers ……………... Roles of Shareholders and the Board of Directors ……………………. Examples of Piercing the Corporate Veil ………………………............ Corporate Restructuring Techniques ………………………................. Sample Merger Timeline ………………………………………………......... Varieties of Mergers ……………………………………………….............. Antitrust Laws: Unfair Trade Practices ……………………….............. Exemptions from Antitrust Laws (USA) ………………………............... CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE Functions of Criminal Law ……………………………………………….... Different Classifications of Crime ………………………………………… Material Elements of Offence ……………………………………………… Limitations on Capacity (The UK) ………………………………………… Corporate Liability ………………………………………………................ Classifications of Mental States …………………………………………… Types of Crimes ………………………………………………………………. Typical Money Laundering Scheme ………………………................... Classification of Cyber Criminals ………………………………………… Inchoate Offences ………………………………………………................. Parties to a Crime ………………………………………………................. Secondary Liability ………………………………………………............... Elements of Accomplice ………………………………………………......... Elements of Bad Result Crimes …………………………………………… Defences to Criminal Liability …………………………………………….. Comparison of Diminished Responsibility and Insanity …………….. 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 50 51 51 51 52 53 53 54 54 55 56 57 57 58 59 60 60 61 62 62 63 64 65 65 66 67 67 68 68 69 69
Movement of Cases through the Court System ……………………….. Comparison of Civil and Criminal Procedures (USA) ………………… Levels of Proof ………………………………………………....................... Who Exercises Discretion? ……………………………………………….... Types of Evidence Collected During an Investigative Process ……… Trial Objections ……………………………………………….................... Sentences Available ……………………………………………….............. Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines Grid ……………………….............. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Causes of Pollution ………………………………………………............... Recommended Structure of the National Environmental Security Taskforce ……………………………………………………………………. Administration of US Environmental Law ……………………….......... Roles of Different Branches of Government in the Environmental Arena (USA) ………………………………………………………………… Representation of Environmental Risk Assessment Process ........... 'Waste Hierarchy' – Waste Management Options in the Order of Their Environmental Impact ……………………………………………. 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development ............... MAJOR DATA SOURCES …………………………….………………………… 70 71 72 72 73 74 75 76 77 77 78 79 80 80 81 82 INTRODUCTION Учебное пособие предназначает ся для магистрантов направления подготовки «Юриспруденция». Книга содержит дополнительные материалы по тематическим блокам пособия «Профессиональный ино странный язык: английский язык» (автор: Е.Б. Попов): высшее образование и подготовка юристов, право и его источники, конституционное и административное право, гражданское право и процесс, формы предпринимательства, уголовное право и процесс, экологическое законода тельство. Образовательные тексты, пред ставленные в учебном пособии, призваны помочь студентам не только овладеть ключевыми понятиями и категориями, сложившимися в анг лоязычной правовой культуре, но и усовершенствовать навыки обра ботки профессионально значимой информации на английском языке, представленной в таблицах, схемах и рисунках. Наглядные материалы подобра ны из различных англоязычных печатных и электронных источников с целью создания у магистрантов, изучающих английский язык, целостной и более полной картины правовой действительности в странах изучаемого языка. Основные источники информации, использованные при создании данного учебного пособия, указаны в виде ссылок на стр. 82.
Higher Education: Certificates, Diplomas, and Degrees1 Bachelor's Degree Classification: International Comparisons2 British Class US Grade / GPA* Equivalent Canadian GPA Equivalent French Grade Range First-Class Honours (1st) – 70-100% 3.8–4.0 15–20 Second-Class Honours, Upper Division (2:1) – 60-69% A-, B+ / 3.33–3.67 3.3–3.7 12–14 Second-Class Honours, Lower Division (2:2) – 50-59% 2.8–3.2 10–11 Third-Class Honours – 40-49% 2.3–3.7 7–9 Ordinary Degree (Pass) – 35-40% – 6 *GPA – grade point average – средний балл успеваемости (определяемый путем деле ния суммы оценочных баллов [honor points] на количество затраченных зачетных часов по изученным дисциплинам [credit hour]) Diploma or Certificate is generally awarded after completion of one or two year academic program in of 30 to 72 credits intended to provide students with skills leading directly to a specific job. Associate Degree is an award that normally requires at least two but less than four years of full time college work (these colleges are sometimes called ‘community colleges’). Bachelor's Degree requires at least three but not more than six years of full-time college work. Master's Degree completion of a postgraduate program of study of at least one but not more than two of years of full academic work beyond the bachelor's degree. Doctorate Degree individual can earn in a given field of study, and as such, it is often referred to as a terminal degree. On average, a complete. 6 Higher Education: Certificates, Diplomas, and Degrees1 Bachelor's Degree Classification: International Comparisons2 British Class US Grade / GPA* Equivalent Canadian GPA Equivalent French Grade Range First-Class Honours (1st) – 70-100% A / 4.00 3.8–4.0 15–20 Second-Class Honours, Upper Division (2:1) – 60-69% A-, B+ / 3.33–3.67 3.3–3.7 12–14 Second-Class Honours, Lower Division (2:2) – 50-59% B / 3.00 2.8–3.2 10–11 Third-Class Honours – 40-49% C+ / 2.30 2.3–3.7 7–9 Ordinary Degree (Pass) – 35-40% C / 2.00 – 6 *GPA – grade point average – средний балл успеваемости (определяемый путем деле ния суммы оценочных баллов [honor points] на количество затраченных зачетных часов по изученным дисциплинам [credit hour]) is generally awarded after completion of one or two year academic program in of 30 to 72 credits intended to provide students with skills leading directly to a specific job. is an award that normally requires at least two but less than four years of fulltime college work (these colleges are sometimes called ‘community colleges’). Bachelor's Degree. An award that normally requires at least three but not more than six years time college work. Master's Degree. An award that requires the completion of a postgraduate program of study of at least one but not more than two of years of full-time academic work beyond the bachelor's degree. Doctorate Degree is the highest degree an individual can earn in a given field of study, and as such, it is often referred to as a terminal degree. On average, a doctorate takes three to six years to complete. Higher Education: Certificates, Diplomas, and Degrees1 Bachelor's Degree Classification: International Comparisons2 British Class US Grade / GPA* Equivalent Canadian GPA Equivalent French Grade Range First-Class Honours (1st) – 70-100% A / 4.00 15–20 Second-Class Honours, Upper Division (2:1) – 60-69% A-, B+ / 3.33–3.67 12–14 Second-Class Honours, Lower Division (2:2) – 50-59% B / 3.00 10–11 Third-Class Honours – 40-49% C+ / 2.30 7–9 Ordinary Degree (Pass) – 35-40% C / 2.00 6 *GPA – grade point average – средний балл успеваемости (определяемый путем деле ния суммы оценочных баллов [honor points] на количество затраченных зачетных часов по изученным дисциплинам [credit hour]) completion of a postgraduate program of study of at time individual can earn in a given field of study, and as such, it is often referred to as a terminal degree. On takes three to six years to
Chart Comparing Solicitors and Barristers (England and Wales)3 SOLICITORS BARRISTERS Professional body Law Society Bar Council Basic qualifications Undergraduate degree in English law OR degree in another subject PLUS Common Professional Exam or Graduate Diploma in Law Undergraduate degree in English law OR degree in another subject PLUS Common Professional Exam or Graduate Diploma in Law Vocational training Legal Practice Course (LPC): Tuition fees vary depending on where you choose to study (anywhere from £10,000 to £15,000 for the full-time course) Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC): Tuition fees vary depending on the institution you choose to study at (from £12,000 to £19,000 for the full-time course) Practical training Training contract (a two year ‘on-the-job training’ period) Pupillage (one year ‘on-thejob training’ period within a barristers’ chambers) Number in profession 140,000 13,000 Method of working Firm of partners OR as sole practitioner Self-employed, practising in chambers Rights of audience Normally only County Court and Magistrates’ Court Can apply for full advocacy rights if they have taken the appropriate training and qualifications All courts Relationship with client Contractual Normally through solicitor BUT accountants and surveyors can brief barristers directly Do they only give advice about specialist areas? Can specialise but usually do general work as well Yes Liability Liable in contract and tort to clients May also be liable to others affected by negligence No contractual liability BUT liable for negligence Law Society – Ассоциация юристов (солиситеров) Англии и Уэльса Bar Council – Совет адвокатов (барристеров) Graduate Diploma in Law – диплом об окончании второго высшего образова ния по праву (на уровне бакалавриата) Legal Practice Course – теоретический курс профессиональной подготовки со лиситеров Bar Professional Training Course – теоретический курс профессиональной под готовки барристеров chambers – контора адвоката accountants and surveyors – экономисты и эксперты-оценщики
Routes to Becoming a Solicitor4 QUALIFYING LAW DEGREE (1st or 2:1) 3 years FT1 5 years PT2 NON QUALIFYING LAW DEGREE 3 years FT 5 years PT CILEx5 ROUTES A minimum of 4 GCSEs (including English Language or Literature) or equivalent. Students without formal qualifications may be considered on the basis of experience. OVERSEAS LAWYERS/ QUALIFIED BARRISTERS (QLTS) Legal Practice Course 1 year FT 2 years PT Period of recognised training (TC3) 2 years FT up to 4 years PT Professional Skills Course (undertaken during TC) ) Qualified solicitor Common Professional Examination / GDL4 1 year FT 2 years PT Legal Practice Course 1 year FT 2 years PT Membership Route CILEx Level 3 followed by CILEx Level 6 Fellowship Route CILEx Level 3 followed by CILEx Level 6 Period of recognised training 2 years FT up to 4 years PT Professional Skills Course (undertaken during Training Contract) Qualified solicitor Membership of CILEx Common Professional Examination / GDL Legal Practice Course 1 year FT 2 years PT TC and Professional Skills Course 2 years FT up to 4 years PT Qualified solicitor Fellowship of CILEx Qualifying employment undertaken Common Professional Examination / GDL Legal Practice Course 1 year FT 2 years PT Professional Skills Course Qualified solicitor Certificate of Eligibility (issued by the Solicitors Regulation Authority) Qualified Lawyers Transfer Scheme (QLTS) Qualified Solicitor England & Wales 1 FT – full-time – очная форма обучения 2 PT – part-time – заочная форма обучения 3 TC – Training Contract – договор о профподготовке (солиситеров) на рабочем месте 4 GDL – Graduate Diploma in Law – диплом о получении второго высшего образования по праву (на уровне бакалавра) 5 CILEx – Chartered Institute of Legal Executives – Королевский институт работающего среднего юридического персонала
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