Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 2012, №9 (9) Сентябрь
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Ф ФЕЕДДЕЕРРААЛЛЬЬННААЯЯ ССЛЛУУЖ ЖББАА ППО О ННААДДЗЗО ОРРУУ ВВ ССФ ФЕЕРРЕЕ ССВВЯЯЗЗИИ,, ИИННФ ФО ОРРМ МААЦЦИИО ОННННЫ ЫХХ ТТЕЕХХННО ОЛЛО ОГГИИЙЙ ИИ М МААССССО ОВВЫ ЫХХ ККО ОМ ММ МУУННИИККААЦЦИИЙЙ ((РРО ОССККО ОМ МННААДДЗЗО ОРР)) РРО ОССССИИЙЙССККИИЙЙ Ж ЖУУРРННААЛЛ ССЕЕЛЛЬЬССККО ОХХО ОЗЗЯЯЙЙССТТВВЕЕННННЫ ЫХХ ИИ ССО ОЦЦИИААЛЛЬЬННО О- ЭЭККО ОННО ОМ МИИЧЧЕЕССККИИХХ ННААУУКК RUSSIAN-ENGLISH JOURNAL RRuussssiiaann JJoouurrnnaall ooff AAggrriiccuullttuurraall aanndd SSoocciioo--EEccoonnoom miicc SScciieenncceess № №99((99)),, SSeepptteem mbbeerr 22001122 ISSN 2226-1184, http://www.rjoas.com
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ CONTENT Российский журнал сельскохозяйственных и социальноэкономических наук Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences выпуск 9(9) issue сентябрь 2012 September ГГ.. РРааддж жооввиичч,, Ж Ж.. ББууллааттооввиичч Some economic-geographic factors development of the example rural areas northeastern Montenegro 3 GG.. RRaajjoovviićć,, JJ.. BBuullaattoovviićć Some economic-geographic factors development of the example rural areas northeastern Montenegro РР..АА.. ЛЛеессттааррииааддии,, РР.. ААннииннддииттаа,, СС.. ТТооннггрраакк Efficiency of resource use in small-scale white shrimp (PENAEUS VANNAMEI ) production in Lamongan regency, East Java province, Indonesia 21 RR..AA.. LLeessttaarriiaaddii,, RR.. AAnniinnddiittaa,, SS.. TThhoonnggrraakk Efficiency of resource use in small-scale white shrimp (PENAEUS VANNAMEI ) production in Lamongan regency, East Java province, Indonesia ОО.. ООяяккххииллооммеенн,, Ю Ю..ОО.. ООммааддааччии,, РР..ГГ.. ЗЗииббаа Cocoa production – agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund nexus in Nigeria: a cointegration approach 28 OO.. OOyyaakkhhiilloommeenn,, UU..OO.. OOmmaaddaacchhii,, RR..GG.. ZZiibbaahh Cocoa production – agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund nexus in Nigeria: a cointegration approach АА..АА.. ЗЗааббррооддккиинн,, АА..СС.. ННооввииккоовваа,, ВВ..ТТ.. ЛЛооббккоовв,, СС..АА.. ППллыыггуунн Мониторинг засоренности посевов при современных ресурсосберегающих способах основной обработки почвы 33 AA.. ZZaabbrrooddkkiinn,, AA.. NNoovviikkoovvaa,, VV.. LLoobbkkoovv,, SS.. PPllyygguunn Monitoring of weed infestation of crops at modern resource-saving ways of the main soil processing АА..ЗЗ.. ККуушшххааббииеевв,, ЛЛ..М М.. ХХррооммоовваа Фузариоз – прогрессирующая болезнь подсолнечника 38 AA.. KKuusshhhhaabbiieevv,, LL.. KKhhrroommoovvaa Fusarium – progressive disease of sunflower
G. RAJOVIĆ, J. BULATOVIĆ, College of Textile Design, Technology and Management 3 SOME ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXAMPLE RURAL AREAS NORTHEASTERN MONTENEGRO Goran Rajović, Jelisavka Bulatović, Researchers College of Textile Design, Technology and Management, Belgrade, Serbia Phone: (0038161) 19-24-850, 30-82-651 E-mail: dkgoran.rajovic@gmail.com, jelisavka.bulatovic@gmail.com Received August 14, 2012 ABSTRACT The paper analyzes some of the economic and geographical factors of rural settlements northeastern Montenegro. Isolated traffic and geographical position adversely affects their economic and social development. Natural characteristics of space indicate that rural economy is not in compliance with all the natural conditions. Incompatibility between the available natural and current conditions of the rural economy is determined by the overall socio-economic factors of development. The percentage decrease in rural population in the municipality of Berane period 1948-2003 amounted to - 0.22%. However, the municipalities of Andrijevica and Plav, show significant deviations from these population dynamics. Thus the percentage decrease in population rural the same period was in the municipality Andrijevica - 49.44%, and the municipality of Plav - 26.8%.The main characteristic of the modern development of rural settlements give industrialization and urbanization processes. Age groups, due to migration and the reduction of fertility change and take on unfavorable characteristics, reduces the proportion of younger and older increases the proportion of the population. . In both cases, the disturbed age structure has a reverse effect on the movement of the population (the size of reproductive contingent), but also to all other structures of the population (the size of contingent employment, population, compulsory school contingent, contingent dependent population ratio). Rating natural conditions aimed at separation of homogenous territorial units with some degree of benefits and limitations for certain types of economic development. KEY WORDS Northeastern Montenegro; Geographical location; Natural features; Rural settlements; Population; Economy; Regions. The research presented in this paper is modern characteristics of the development of the rural population of north-eastern Montenegro, in the example of the municipality Berane, Andrijevica and Plav. Natural indigenous strengths and extremely favorable conditions for colonization (relief and hydrographic openness and permeability, fertile land, abundant water, temperate-continental climate, diverse plant life) for centuries attracted people in the northeastern part of Montenegro. Major changes occur in the second half of the twentieth century and in accordance with the changed policy of socio-economic development, which is opposite to the traditional orientation of the population in agricultural activities, encourage the industrialization of the economy and urbanization of society. The process of land reclamation and the transfer of labor in non-agricultural activities accelerated the depopulation of rural areas. Age groups, due to migration and reducing birth rates will change and take on unfavorable characteristics, reduces the proportion of younger and increases the proportion of elderly people. In both cases the age structure of a disturbed feedback of the movement of the population (the size of reproductive contingent) but also to all other population structure (size of contingent employment, population, compulsory school contingent relationship maintenance). Negative selection has led to a very unfavorable economic structure of the population, from the standpoint of labor and productive capacity. Moreover, these uncontrolled demographic processes are not accompanied by adequate measures other necessary changes in the rural economy, which has been shown that the qualitative properties of optimal favorable population and economic structure, now a component in guiding the trans
Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, No. 9 (9) / 2012 4 formation of space, the decisive factor in the differentiation and polarization of the environment. The aim of the research is to show fundamental changes in the total number and spatial distribution of the rural population of the municipality Berane, Andrijevica and Plav, and analyze tendencies of social and economic development factors. The purpose of the research is to determine how much analyzed and displayed differentiated processes of social and economic development in rural areas, constitute a factor of disturbance for its social and economic development of the studied area. Rating natural conditions (geographical zoning of rural territory) has shown that rural economies of the considered area is not in compliance with all the natural conditions, it is a conflict between the existing natural features and terrain of the contemporary rural economy, is determined by demographic and economic structure. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The core of the methodological procedure used in this study makes the geographic (spatial) method and included the rural settlements of Berane, Andrijevica and Plav. To collect data related to basic socio-economic factors of development, we used the statistical method. Comparative method allowed us to economic and geographical factors, factors of development; we look at the northeastern region of Montenegro. Permeated through the entire text of the method and integrity, thanks to which we were able to identify, define and assess possible limitations of the economic and geographic development. The scientific explanation of terms, by two methods: analytical and synthetic. Analytical methods are considered some of the dimensions of the research topic, a synthetic whole, the relations between the subject and suggested measures that derive there from. Since work has essentially synthetic character, the results published in the international literature. Among them this opportunity to emphasize this: Clayton, Dent and Dubois (2000), Ankre and Emmelin (2006), Janvry and Sadoulet (2007), Madu (2007), Liu (2011). GEOGRAPHY POSITION Of Berane, Andrijevica and Plav are located in the northeastern part of Montenegro. They cover an area of 1486 km². In this area, it is in rural areas, according to the census of 2003, lived 36 370 inhabitants, or 24.7 in / km². The territory of the observed geographic space, is housed between the Municipality of Kolašin in the west of Podgo rica municipality in the southwest, the Republic of Albania to the south, the Republic of Serbia in the east and northeastern, Rožaje the east and the Municipality of Bijelo Polje in the north. Of Berane, Andrijevica and Plav have a complex geography that is heterogeneous in nature and with different degrees of preference for use of space. The municipalities except Berane no significant role in the structure of geo-space Montenegro. The geographical position of the Municipality Plav and Andrijevica is peripheral in relation to the main traffic flows in Montenegro; since that is in this region do not cross the road, with bond functions in the organization of space. Berane have the most significant traffic position, thanks to the main road. Territory of the municipality, Adriatic highway coming from Bijelo Polje, northwest of Berane through Tivran the gorge into the urban area of Bar and continue east to Rožaje. It is a broad highway of regional importance, which connects the neighboring municipality of Bijelo Polje, Berane and Rožaje and also makes way for Serbia. Wind from Ribarevine according Mojkovac and Kolašin; go to Podgorica and Montenegrin coast. Therefore, the Adriatic highway, a very important factor for current and future economic activity, the municipality. Another important road is the main road Berane - Andrijevica - Plav, which is the territory of the Andrijevica Most Bandović, provides over Trešnjevik, to Podgorica, and the Plav territory, Čakor over the stove. Both routes through Trešnjevik (1573 m) and Čakor (1849 m) are impassable during the winter months. Isolated traffic and geographical position adversely affects the economic development of municipalities Andrijevica and Plav. NATURAL TERRAIN CHARACTERISTICS Natural terrain features are the basis of existence and progress of each geospatial unit. The distribution of natural resources is a measure of opportunities for the development of a specific territory. The natural resources of rural settlements of Berane, Andrijevica and Plav challenging opportunities for understanding the development of certain economic activities, particularly agriculture, tourism and construction. In terms of geomorphology of the territory northeastern of Montenegro's mountainous character. Height difference between the highest (Maja Kolata 2528 m) and lowest (bottom valley Berane 645 m) is 1883 m.
G. RAJOVIĆ, J. BULATOVIĆ, College of Textile Design, Figure 1 − The geographical position of the municipality Berane, Andrijevica and Plav on the map of Montenegro. Source: ( So, landforms and configurations height, the slope and under the influence of different substrate properties (forests, meadows, litsolli, fields, or hards), consists of a diverse natural basis, and which may be of importance for the development of agriculture and tourism. The most prevalent and most significant geomorphologic travel motive of this part of north-eastern Montenegro, are the mountains, and tourist areas: Bjelasica, high mountain massif Komovi, Beranska spatial zones and mountain Prokletija system. Namely, the North-Eastern part of Montenegro, are mountain ridges: Prokletije (2372 m), Čakor (1,849 m), M kra Mountains (1933 m), Cmiljevica (1963 m), Kruščica (1,192 m), Bjelasica (2122 m) and K movi (2461 m). In the considered area there are two major valleys: Beranska and Plav less: Andrijevička, Polimska and over the mou tain parishes (Šekular, Large, Under Komovi, U per Village). Mountain ranges split and cut a nu ber of river valleys, which are deep passages their beds, building locally and make the gor most important is certainly gorge Sutjeska. College of Textile Design, Technology and Management 5 he geographical position of the municipality Berane, Andrijevica and Plav on the map of Montenegro. Source: (www.nasme.me) configurations height, the slope and under the influence of different substrate properties (forests, meadows, litsolli, fields, orchards), consists of a diverse natural basis, and which may be of importance for the development he most prevalent and most significant geomorphologic travel motive of eastern Montenegro, are the mountains, and tourist areas: Bjelasica, high mountain massif Komovi, Beranska spatial zones and mountain Prokletija system. Namely, the Eastern part of Montenegro, are mountain Čakor (1,849 m), Mo kra Mountains (1933 m), Cmiljevica (1963 m), ica (1,192 m), Bjelasica (2122 m) and Ko movi (2461 m). In the considered area there are ska and Plav-Gusinjska ka, Polimska and over the moun tain parishes (Šekular, Large, Under Komovi, Upper Village). Mountain ranges split and cut a number of river valleys, which are deep passages their beds, building locally and make the gorge. The most important is certainly gorge Sutjeska. Thanks to the geological structure in Berane basin contains significant reserves of brown coal and lignite (total reserves amount to 176 231 197 tons). Program development of coal production in Berane basin, would cause intense regrouping and integration of industrial companies and caused the need for capacity expansion (Beran Selo, Dolac). If we add to all this in Miocene coal series basin sediments are priceless and marl reserves, which by its quality meets the requirements of the cement industry and the only reserves Jasikovac, could provide production for two hundred years, should be annually produced 80 000 tons of c ment (Boričić, Lutovac, Petrić ity of Berane and Andrijevica are ore metals: lead, zinc, copper, iron and pyrite. From non mineral deposits occur in building materials: gr vel, sand and decorative stones. Numerous dep sits of gravel and sand are found in the bed of the river Lim (Plav, Andrijevica, and Be Bandović Most, the amount of gravel and sand, available for an annual extraction is estimated at approximately 100-120000 m³. Žoljevica on the hill, not far from the urban settlements Andrijev Technology and Management he geographical position of the municipality Berane, Andrijevica and Plav Thanks to the geological structure in Berane basin contains significant reserves of brown coal and lignite (total reserves amount to 176 231 197 tons). Program development of coal production in in, would cause intense regrouping and integration of industrial companies and caused the need for capacity expansion (Beran Selo, Dolac). If we add to all this in Miocene coal series Berane basin sediments are priceless and marl reserves, lity meets the requirements of the cement industry and the only reserves Jasikovac, could provide production for two hundred years, should be annually produced 80 000 tons of ce Lutovac, Petrić, 1967). In the vicin a are ore metals: lead, zinc, copper, iron and pyrite. From non-metallic mineral deposits occur in building materials: gravel, sand and decorative stones. Numerous deposits of gravel and sand are found in the bed of the river Lim (Plav, Andrijevica, and Berane). Only in Most, the amount of gravel and sand, available for an annual extraction is estimated at 120000 m³. Žoljevica on the hill, not far from the urban settlements Andrijevi
Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, No. 9 (9) / 2012 6 ca, there is a deposit - architectural building stone. Resource estimates of gray marble B + C1 category, amount to 2.223 million m³, a reserve of white marble and gray-white belonging to C1 category is 60,000 m³. When it comes to the exploitation and processing of marble and ornamental stone, it should be noted that there are multiple sites of different architectural building stone and marble, the most significant: the site Trebačka river, Seoce, Piševska river, stream Babovo, Pčelinjak, Žoljevica (www.andrijevica.me). Northeastern Montenegro has a moderate continental climate, with some elements of the Sub Mountain and mountain. As the measurement of meteorological elements is performed only in Berane, so on the basis of these findings are performed on the state of the climate and the municipality Andrijevica. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.3ºC in the blue to 8.0ºC in Berane and Andrijevica. According to a vertical gradient with the increase of altitude, mean annual air temperature is lower and amounts to 1000 m elevation 7.0°C at 1200 m above the sea level 6.4°C at 1400 m above the sea level 5.8° C, at 1600 m elevation 5.2° C at 1800 m above the sea level 4.6° C at 2000 m above the sea level 4.0ºC. Absolute maximum temperature in July and is 32.6ºC in Berane and Andrijevica, respectively, 31.3ºC in Plav. Absolute minimum in January and range from -19.4ºC in Berane and Andrijevica to - 20.7ºC in Plav. The mean annual relative humidity is 67% in Berane and Andrijevica and 68% in Plav. Let (July and August) monthly mean relative humidity in the afternoon (14h) is below 45%, and in April below 63%. Cloudiness has an average annual value of 9.0 / 10 in Berane and Andrijevica, and Plav 9.1 / 10 The lowest average coverage of the sky during the summer and ranges from 5.1 / 10 in Berane and Andrijevica to 5.2 / 10 in Plav. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 863 mm in Berane, 1152 mm to 1209 mm Andrijevica in Plav. The least amount of precipitation in July - 50 mm in Berane, 65 mm in Andrijevica and 64 mm in the Plav. Most precipitation is related to the period from October to December and amounted to Berane of 69 mm to 75 mm, in Andrijevica of 99 mm to 107 mm in the Plav of 119 mm to 141mm. Prevailing winds in the winter months the northwest and north, south and in other months. North and northwest winds, bringing dry and stable time, perfect for tourism during the summer and winter. Winds from the south direction are diversified in the winter, when making significant amounts of snow per year precipitation. To values of the frequency of wind direction and quiet, with the highest incidence of silence - 410 beloved put (Berane and Andrijevica) beloved put and 520 (Plav). The direction of the Lima valley from south to north caused the domination of northern wind Berane 140 per thousand in the southern Plav 140 parts per thousand. Strength of winds between 1.6 and 2.6 in the Plav, not a limiting factor for the development of tourism, but it can not be said of Berane, where the wind strength is between 1.9 and 3.7. (Rajović, 2010). Hydrographic features a profile of a very diverse and important water resources, as well as natural wealth. In hydrographic terms northeastern Montenegro, belongs to the highly developed hydrographic network. In this sense, in the municipality, there are obvious power potential of the river Lim and its tributaries (Zlorečica Kraštica, River Šekular, Bistrica, Ljuča, Komarača ...). Besides these, there are numerous smaller streams, especially in rural areas: Velika, Murino, Vinicka, Dapsića, Gnjili Potok, Ulotina, Upper Luge.... That elevation position of rural settlements, with valorization aspect emphasizes the importance of water management and groundwater. In other words, the use of groundwater for water supply of rural heritage is of crucial importance. Thus, from the source "Dapsićki hot" water supply rural villages Berana: Polica, Upper Budimlja, Dapsiće, Petnjik. With spring "Krkori", located in the area of rural settlements Kuti (Andrijevica) are supplied with water by urban and rural settlements Andrijevica: Djuliće, Bojoviće, Seoce, Božiće, Prisoja, Slatina, Zabrđe and Trešnjevo. The municipality of Plav feel chronic water shortages in the summer, in the domains of rural communities located at higher elevations. Insufficient water supply of the population follows: Prnjavor, Brezojevica, Kruševo, Martinovići ... Water, natural resources, have a range of options from the point - hydropower potential, market valuation and ecology. The economic use, protection and rational approach to water resources, can have very positive effects in the future development of rural settlements northeastern of Montenegro. In the area of northeastern Montenegro represented between the two types of two types of land cover lines and automorphic to hydromorphic soil and its variations. The first class includes land automorphic undeveloped and underdeveloped land (A - S profiles): litisoli, regosols and colluvial deposits. For the second class (A - S profile) automorphic soil characteristic is continuously developed and conspicuous morphological humus horizon. This class consists of four types: mountain soil, land on marl, limestone and dolomite, rankers and vertisols. The third class consists of land automorphic land (A - (V) - S) and (A - (V) -
G. RAJOVIĆ, J. BULATOVIĆ, College of Textile Design, Technology and Management 7 R) profile is characterized by the appearance of the horizon (V), which sits on the loose substrate or on a compact system. Within this class is representing by three types of land: eutric camisoles, district cambisol and calc-camisoles. The fourth class consists of eluvia soil - soil illuvials (A - E - V - S, or A-E - V - R) profile: luvisol, podsol and brown podsol soil. As a special class of automorphic anthropogenic land set aside the land that, the treatment has changed its original status. Second row (row B) is hydromorphic soil: epigley, hypogley, alluvial soil and peat. The first category consists of land epigley hydromorphic soil, represented pseudogley and stagnogley. The second class of hydromorphic soils is represented by land: hipogley, enegley, and semigley and amfigley land. The third class consists of hydromorphic soil fluvisol, hums fluvisol. Fluvisol is the most important agricultural production value and type of soil is mostly prevalent along the river valleys. Hums fluvisol as independent genetic type of soil has a profile (A-S-G). The fourth class of hydromorphic soil makes one type of land - lowland required. Relief formed in depressions in which water constantly stagnates above the ground. It is located about: Plavskog, Ridskog, Ursulovačkog, Šiškog, Pešića and Bukumirskog lakes (Rajović, 2011). For the appearance of the landscape of northeastern Montenegro, is of particular importance biogeography characteristics. Flora consists of forest and grass vegetation. In the lower parts of trees are represented hydrophilic willow, poplar, alder, hornbeam, oak, oak, beech, birch, maple. The belt of beech is most common in the form of four regions: mountain beech (at lower altitudes), mountain beech forest at height 1000 - 1300 m above sea level, sub alpine beech forest at altitudes greater than 1800 m spruce dominated by forests. With some of the mountain, high mountain forests stretch, molike and white bark pine. Above this band is representing by white space and black pine. Some forest stands and makes the dwarf pine, whose propagation exceeds 2000 m, and juniper pine, which ends above 2200 m. Share of total area of forests in northeastern Montenegro is 62 432 ha or 42.02%. Regarding the breeding categories, arranged dominated (high, low and protective). Of the total forest area of regulated waste 56 643 ha or 85.76 %, on a rough 9075 ha or 14.24%. The total density is estimated at 13,882,516 m³ of which are arranged in an 11,515,912 m³ or 82.92% of the timber, and disordered 2,367,934 m³. Taking into account the habitat conditions and photos sociological composition, grass cover of northeastern Montenegro can be divide into the damp valley meadows habitats, mountain (mountain) meadows and pastures mainly related to the belt of oak forests and mountain pastures that reach the highest peaks of the mountains. Flora of forests and pastures enriched with various kinds of herbs and edible fungi. Most of them occupy a high place in folk medicine, pharmaceutical production, which is very important for the tourism development. Herbs rich in its diversity, physiological and pharmacological action, and a healthy quantity of raw materials, offers unimagined possibilities in the development of health and educational tourism. The most important species of medicinal plants from the commercial aspects are yarrow, thistle, birch, hawthorn, horsetail, cranberry, gentian, wild thyme, omen, blueberries, mint, blackberry, raspberry, dandelion, thyme, and nettle. From the forest products: hawthorn, juniper, strawberry, cornelian cherries, blackberries, raspberries, blueberries, saffron, rose hip, a mushroom: mushroom, black trumpet mushrooms. However, the most important product makes blueberries, which reaches its annual purchase of about 500 tons. Thanks to the widespread forests, pastures and meadows are diverse landscapes and picturesque, which provides significant environmental and tourism values and makes an attractive area of northeastern Montenegro. Meadows and pastures covered with succulent grass and mountain meadow flowers, so that together with forests, providing a unique landscape-decorative value. The belt of forests is particularly interesting as living space varied wildlife, birds, fish and insects that are. Is the pearl of the unique natural beauty and a spoilt nature? From the aspect of tourism resources and has considerable potential for developing different types of tourism such as hunting, fishing, adventure, adrenaline (Rajović, 2010). RURAL AREAS AND TERRITORY The administrative territorial structure of the northeastern Montenegro, in the example of the municipality Berane, Andrijevica and Plav comprises 109 rural settlements and 92 cadastral municipalities (1,486 km²), where 88 villages with their domains of form category of rural geographic space, but the cadastral municipalities (hereinafter referred to as C.M ). Azanje belongs village Vrševo , C.M. Budimlja - vilage: Zagrađe i Tmušići, C.M. Vrbica -village: Gornja Vrbica, Donja Vrbica i Lazi, C.M. Dolac - village Beran Selo, C.M. Zaostro - village: Gornje Zaostro, Donje Zaostro i Crljevine, C.M. Javorovo - vilage: Dašča Rijeka i Murovac, C.M. Petnjica - village:
Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, No. 9 (9) / 2012 8 Godočelje, Jahovica i Pahulje, C.M. Polica - village Babino, Goražde, Dragosava i Mašte, C.M. Radmanci - village: Lagatori, Ponor i Poroča, C.M. Savin Bor - village: Bor i Orahovo, C.M. Crni Vrh - village Veliđe, C.M. Šekular - village: Jašovići, Madzgalji, Orah i Radmužovići, C.M. Slatini I and Slatini II belongs village - Prisoja, C.M. Kruševo I and II belongs village: Kolenovići and Višnjevo, while the three village and C.M. - Berane, Andrijevica and Plav belong to the urban environment, and CM Gusinje small town. Within the cadastral municipality Andrijevica are mentioned in addition to urban and two rural villages - Andzelati and Božiće. In addition, the latest statistical classification of settlements, changes were made in a number of places in the municipality Andrijevica, so that the town Andzelati got its new name Andželati, and while there is a new rural settlement Navotina. Changes were made in a number of places in the municipality of Plav. So they formed new village: Babino Polje, Budojevice, Hakanje, Jara, Jasenica, Komarača, Korita and Pepiće. Area rural village is different and is in the range of 2.59 km² (C.M. Skič) to 84.72 km² (C.M. Šekular). According to the size of the territory can be divided into three groups: up to 10 km² (Bastahe, Bubanje, Vinicka I, Vinicka II, Glavica, Dapsići I, Dobrodole, Dolac, Donje Luge, Zagorje, Zagrad, Lušac, Petnjik I, Petnjica, Praćevac, Pešca, Rovca, Rujišta, Skakavac, Štitar, Kralje, Trepča I, Trepča II, Trešnjevo I, Slatina I, Sjenožeta, Zabrđe I, Gornje Luge, Gnjili Potok, Bojovići, Brezojevica I, Vojno Selo I, Dosuđe I, Dosuđe II, Đurička Rijeka, Kruševo I, Martinovići I, Mašnica, Novšiće, Skič), of 10 km ² to 20 km ² ( Azanje, Budimlja, Buče II, Vuča, Dapsići II, Donja Ržanica, Zaostro, Kaludra, Petnjik II, Radmanci, Tucanje, Gornji Vrh, Andrijevica, Gračanica, Dulipolje, Đulići, Košutići, Kuti, Marsenić Rijeka, Oblo Brdo, Seoca, Slatina II, Trešnjevo II, Ulotina, Bogajići, Brezojevica II, Vojno Selo II,Gornja Ržanica, Kruševo II, Martinovići II and more than 20 km ² (Vrbica, Javorovo, Kurikuće, Lubnice, Polica, Savin Bor, Trpezi, Šekular, Cecune, Jošanica and Zabrđe II, Velika, Vusanje, Grnčar, Donji Meteh, Dolja, Murina, Prnjavor, Hoti). These groups differ in a number of relevant spatial and demographic characteristics. So in 2003, the first group of up to 10 km² in Berane covers an area of 158.2 km² and includes 21 rural districts (C.M.), in which lived the rural population of 44.23% of the total rural population of the municipality. The municipality Andrijevica first group of up to 10 km² encompassed an area of 64.74 km², and included the 10 rural districts (C.M.) in 2003 which was 55.41% lived in rural population in relation to the total rural population of the municipality. In the municipality of Plav first group of up to 10 km² encompassed an area of 57.17 km ² that included the 10 rural districts (C.M.) in which he lived 14.88% of rural population in relation to the total rural population of the municipality. Another group of 10 km² to 20 km², Municipality included the 12 rural districts (C.M.) with an area of 164.74 km ² and in 2003 this territory was 30.26% lived in rural population. The municipality Andrijevica, another group of 10 km² to 20 km², comprised of 12 rural districts (C.M.) with an area of 171.48 km² and in this territory lived 39.39% of the total rural population of the municipality. In the municipality of Plav, size second group is characterized by an area of 85.52 km², six rural districts (C.M.) and the total percentage of rural population of 41.40%. And the third group size in Berane with more than 20 km ² and an area of 336.97 km and the number of 8 rural districts (C.M.) lived in rural 21.49% compared to the total population of the municipality. The municipality Andrijevica size same group, comprised an area of 103.78 km with 3 rural districts (C.M.) and 5.2% of the rural population. Plav municipality comprises eight rural districts (C.M.) with size group of more than 20 km² and an area of 334.11 km in the territory, and lived in rural 43.72% compared to the total rural population of the municipality. "If the current negative trends in the development of the rural population continue in the future, and socio-economic facts point to this conclusion, one can expect a significant violation spatial and demographic balance between the group of rural territories and distribution of the population ...." (Stamenković and Milinčić, 1998). General population density is one of the basic demographic characteristics that indicate the spatial distribution of population. It is in the range of 17.0 in / km² in rural areas of Andrijevica, 17.8 in / km² in the C.M. Plav in the rural area of Plav, to 35.4 c / km² in rural areas of Berane. Thus, the settlement of this geographic part of a group rarely populated rural areas. From the established density, we can conclude, that this arrangement of the rural population had its causes in the economic underdevelopment of the municipality Berane, Andrijevica and Plav. The basis for their diversion is adequate rural policy, rural planning and special project plan for the revitalization of rural settlements and territories.
G. RAJOVIĆ, J. BULATOVIĆ, College of Textile Design, Technology and Management 9 Table 1 − Groups of rural municipality districts Berane, Andrijevica and Plav on the surface of and participation in the total rural geographic (km²) and population in 2003 The majority group Number C.M. Surface C.M. % Population % Berane To 10 km² 21 158,2 23,98 10.306 44,23 Of 10 km² to 20 km² 12 164,74 24,96 7.981 34,26 More than 20 km ² 8 336,97 51,06 5.005 21,49 Andrijevica To 10 km² 10 64,74 19,04 2.544 55,41 Of 10 km² to 20 km² 12 171,48 50,44 1.809 39,39 More than 20 km² 3 103,78 30,52 239 5,2 Plav To 10 km² 10 57,17 11,99 1.263 44,23 Of 10 km² to 20 km² 6 85,52 17,94 3.513 41,40 More than 20 km² 8 334,11 70,07 3.710 43,72 Source: Bakić et al and Statistical Office of Montenegro, Census of Population (appropriate year), calculations by True picture of the disposition of the rural population in the northeastern part of Montenegro, it is difficult to assess. It is useful to ask why the border in rural areas to 500 inhabitants. This is the minimum number of inhabitants will assure the development of certain central functions, which will serve a wider area (Simonović and Ribar, 1993). Although in this population, rural settlements are divided into two groups (0 - 100 and 100 -500 people), for both can be said to belong to a group of rural settlements, which are substantially flat. In this first, size group (18 villages) has further depletion trend of space, a second group (63 villages), this trend is mitigated. Today is very unevenly distributed network of settlements in limited geographic space making the rural areas with small populations? Most of them are from 100 - to 500 and 28 in Berane, Andrijevica 17 in the municipality and 13 in the municipality of Plav. The total number of rural settlements from 0 to 100 residents in the municipality of Berane is 17, in the municipality Andrijevica 4 in the municipality of Plav second From 500 to 1000 population in Berane 10 rural village in the municipality Andrijevica 2, in the municipality of Plav 6. Over 1000 people are 5 to the village and the municipality Berane. It is noticeable lack of settlements with over 1000 inhabitants in the municipalities Andrijevica and Plav. Only in this settlement, we can talk about the real potential for the development of central functions, and this size appears as other important Joints in numerical terms. The existing network of rural settlements in the area under consideration is the consequence of uneven population density and population concentration. A large number of rural villages and 500 residents (83 settlements) are not suitable for modern vital flow of economic development in municipalities Berane, Andrijevica and Plav. Namely, there is a lack of rural villages with rural center of over 1000 inhabitants (municipalities Andrijevica and municipalities Plav) as a category that would link the primary rural settlement municipality, with the center of the region - Berane. Beginning of the seventies of the twentieth century was the crucial years of the moment. That in this period to start with small businesses, build roads faster electrification of rural villages, rural settlements of today Berane, Andrijevica and Plav, might not provide the typical image of a good part of rural settlements of Montenegro, which is treated and considered underdeveloped. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FACTORS The appearance of depopulation of rural villages in the municipalities of Berane, Andrijevica and Plav is the result of reducing their overall population. The percentage decrease in rural population of Berane amounted in the period 19482003 - 0.22%. However, the municipalities of Plav and Andrijevica, show significant deviations from these population dynamics. Thus, the percentage reduction rural population during the same period amounted municipality Andrijevica - 49.44%, and the municipality of Plav - 26.8%.So, until sixty years ago in a rural area northeastern of Montenegro, there is human life in full force, but today that same area, a rural territory that is empty. Remain in them, almost exclusively elderly households whose life expectancy is low. The population issue, in addition to the rural exodus and population concentration in urban areas, came to the fore negative natural increase. The birth rate in 2003 shows that for every 1,000 residents born 11.1 Andrijevica children in the municipality, the municipality Berane 12.5 and 12.9 in the municipality of Plav.
Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, No. 9 (9) / 2012 10 Table 2 − Distribution of the population to population in rural village Characteristic Municipality Berane Municipality Andrijevica Municipality Plav Rural areas to 100 inhabitants Bastahe 70 Velidje 29 Vuča 26 Zagrad 55 Jašovići 33 Lješnica 60 Murovac 43 Lazi 99 Kruščica 97 Orah 90 Pahulje 89 Ponor 65 Tmušići 36 Skakavac 83 Rujišta 59 Praćevac 43 Poroča 33 Kuti 49 Cecuni 77 Oblo Brdo 69 Sjenožeta 95 Novšići 82 Višnjevo 86 Rural areas from 100 to 500 people Crljevine 116 Lagatori 420 Tucanje 378 Radmanci 313 Štitari 282 Crni Vrh 144 Savin Bor 261 Rovca 105 Radmudzevići 106 Orahovo 130 Kurikuće 115 Kalica 146 Kaludra 267 Jahovica 148 Javorovo 117 Zagorje 317 Zagradje 280 Dragosava 171 Donje Zaostro 149 Donja Vrbica 406 Dobro Dole 134 Dašča Rijeka 115 Gornje Zaostro 236 Godočelje 229 Glavica 126 Vrševo 267 Bubanje 213 Medzgalji 207 Mašte 206 Lubnice 245 Bor 213 Babino 436 Azanje 136 Andzelati 134 Božići 250 Bojovići 128 Gnjili Potok 111 Gornje Lige 150 Gračanica 307 Dulipolje 134 Đulići 130 Zabrđe 302 Jošanica 162 Košutići 143 Kralje 228 Prisoja 348 Marse. Rijeka 353 Seoca 117 Trepča 238 Ulotina 243 Koljenovići 157 Hoti 169 Mašnica 299 Grnčar 191 Dolja 126 Skič 302 Kruševo 342 Bogojevići 427 Gornja Ržanica 266 Meteh 452 Đurička Rijeka 274 Dosuđe 265 Velika 417 Rural areas from 500 to 1000 people Gorazde 560 Gornja Vrbica 536 Dapsići 728 Donja Ržanica 810 Lužac 823 Petnjik 669 Vinicka 607 Petnjica 565 Trpezi 773 Buče 1.000 Trešnjevo 539 Slatina 405 Brezojevica 947 Martinovići 689 Prnjavor 944 Vojno Selo 639 Vusanje 866 Murino 545 Rural areas with more than 1000 people Donje Luge 1.861 Pešca 1.721 Dolac 1.293 Budimlja 1.694 Beran Selo 1.483 Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro, Census of Population (appropriate year), calculations by